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Substation Switchgear & Protection (Diploma)
Teacher
Swakantik Mishra
Category
Core Courses
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Core Course: Substation Switchgear & Protection (Diploma)
Code(Credit) : CUTM 2059 (2-1-1)
Course Objectives
- Students will gain functional knowledge about electrical protection Schemes, and switchgear, in Generation, Transmission & Distribution substations.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will have thorough knowledge about electrcal protection system.
- Students will know the construction, operation & maintenance of electrical switching devices, machines, etc.
Course Syllabus:
Module I: Substation Systems: (6 Hours)
Electrical Safety, Introduction to Substation System, Definition of a substation, necessity of substation, essential features, types of substations, single line diagram of a substation, List and functions of each component of a substation. Auxiliary systems, Overhead earthling screen, Substation earthing system.
Practice:
1. Layout of 220KVsubstation
2. Layout of 400KV substation.
Module II: Operation & Maintenance of Substations (10 Hours)
Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests, and maintenance of insulators.
Practice: Maintenance tests of CT & PT of the substation
Practice: Maintenance tests of Lightening Arrestor & Circuit Breaker.
Practice: Maintenance tests of transformer
Module III: Protection & System components (5 hours)
Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of Faults, Effects of Faults, Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays, Automatic Re-closing, Current Transformers for protection, Voltage Transformers for Protection.
Practice: Protection of different transformers.
Module IV: Relays (4 hours)
Introduction, Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.
Practice: IDMT OC Protection.
Practice: Electromechanical Relay
Module V: Relay Operations (7 hours)
Introduction, Time–Current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting, over current Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay, Protection of Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains, Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.
Practice: Electromagnetic Relay Operation
Module VI: Protection control systems (5 hours)
Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current
Protection.
Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection of 3Phase Circuits, balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.
Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators
Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection.
Practice: Differential Relay Operation.
Module VII: Circuit Breakers (8 hours)
Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption,
Re-striking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of
Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers,
Oil Circuit Breakers, Air–Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum. Circuit Breakers, High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers.
Practice: Measurement of Earth Resistance.
Practice: Field Visit to 33KV Substation.
Introduction to Substation System, Definition of substation, necessity of substation,
essential features, types of substations, single line diagram of substation,
Inductor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukBFPrXiKWA
Session Plan
Session 1
Basics of Electrical Safety, Electrical Sources & Parameter, Active and passive elements; resistance, inductance, capacitance
ohms law: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfcgA1axPLo
Session 2
Session 3
functions of each component of substation. Auxiliary systems, Overhead earthling
screen, Sub-station earthling system.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWsyp1RTYtc
Session 4
Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar
configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches,
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo
Session 5
Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and
Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial
discharge test, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential
Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests and maintenance of insulator
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0
Session 6
DC Machines:
DC generator – operation, e.m.f. equation, OCC, losses and efficiency, applications.
Practice: OCC of DC Motor.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0
Session 7
DC Machines:
DC motor: operation, torque equation, starting, losses and efficiency, applications.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0
Session 8
Single-phase AC circuits and concept of phasor diagram, series and parallel
circuit.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo
Session 9
Three-phase AC circuits with balanced and unbalance loads.
Practice: Measurement of three-phase power by two-wattmeter method.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo
Session 10
Electrical Transformer:
losses, efficiency, operation, applications.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqetOHEhAGE
Session 11
Electrical Transformer:
losses, efficiency, operation, applications.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqetOHEhAGE
Session 12
Practice: Identification of Part of Transformer.
Session 13
Practice: IR Test of Transformer.
Session 14
Single Phase IM Parts, Induction Machine Operations
Practice: Speed-Torque Characteristics of IM
Session 15
Induction Machines :
Three-phase induction motor: construction, types, operation
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0
Session 16
Induction Machines :
torque equation, torque-slip characteristics, starting methods, applications.
Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0
Session 17
Electrical Substation :
Introduction, electrical fault, Circuit Breaker, Classification of Circuit Breakers
Session 18
Electrical Substation :
Isolator, relay, earthing system, fuse, conductror, cables.
Session 19
Electrical Substation :
Application: Circuit Breaker Operation
Session 20
Electrical Substation :
measurement of earth resistance
Session 21
Electrical Substation :
Isolator, relay, earthing system, fuse, conductror, cables.
Session 22
Electrical Substation :
Application: Circuit Breaker Operation
Session 23
Electrical Grid System
Session 24
Bus bar configuration
Session 25
Motor-Generator Set
Session 26
Earth Switch, Isolator & CB Operation
Session 27
DC supply System
Session 28 Case Studies:
Causes of Transformer Failure
Session 29 Case Studies:
Substation Earthing Measurement
Session 30
Revision
Our Main Teachers
Swakantik Mishra is serving as a faculty in Electrical & Electronics Department, He is having 10+ years of experences in Power/Energy Industry & Education sector. He holds a master’s & bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, He is also a management graduate in Operations & HR area.