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Substation Switchgear & Protection (Diploma)

Substation Switchgear & Protection (Diploma)

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Swakantik Mishra

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Core Courses

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Core Course: Substation Switchgear & Protection (Diploma)

Code(Credit) : CUTM 2059 (2-1-1)

Course Objectives

  • Students will gain functional knowledge about electrical protection Schemes, and switchgear, in Generation, Transmission & Distribution substations.

Learning Outcomes

  1. Students will have thorough knowledge about electrcal protection system.
  2. Students will know the construction, operation & maintenance of electrical switching devices, machines, etc.

Course Syllabus:

Module I: Substation Systems:                                 (6 Hours)

Electrical Safety, Introduction to Substation System, Definition of a substation, necessity of substation, essential features, types of substations, single line diagram of a substation, List and functions of each component of a substation. Auxiliary systems, Overhead earthling screen, Substation earthing system.

Practice:

1. Layout of 220KVsubstation
2. Layout of 400KV substation.

Module II: Operation & Maintenance of Substations                                                                                                                  (10 Hours)

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests, and maintenance of insulators.

Practice: Maintenance tests of CT & PT of the substation

Practice: Maintenance tests of Lightening Arrestor & Circuit Breaker.

Practice: Maintenance tests of transformer

Module III: Protection & System components (5 hours)                         

Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of Faults, Effects of Faults, Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays, Automatic Re-closing, Current Transformers for protection, Voltage Transformers for Protection.

Practice: Protection of different transformers.

Module IV: Relays (4 hours)                 

Introduction, Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

Practice: IDMT OC Protection.

Practice: Electromechanical Relay

Module V: Relay Operations (7 hours)

Introduction, Time–Current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting, over current Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay, Protection of Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains, Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.

Practice: Electromagnetic Relay Operation

Module VI:  Protection control systems (5 hours)

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current
Protection.
Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection of 3Phase Circuits, balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators

Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection.

Practice: Differential Relay Operation.

Module VII: Circuit Breakers (8 hours)  

Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption,
Re-striking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of
Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers,
Oil Circuit Breakers, Air–Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum. Circuit Breakers, High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers.

Practice: Measurement of Earth Resistance.

Practice: Field Visit to 33KV Substation.

Introduction to Substation System, Definition of substation, necessity of substation,
essential features, types of substations, single line diagram of substation,

Inductor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukBFPrXiKWA

Session Plan

Session 1

Basics of Electrical Safety, Electrical Sources & Parameter, Active and passive elements; resistance, inductance, capacitance

ohms law: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfcgA1axPLo

Session 2

Session 3

functions of each component of substation. Auxiliary systems, Overhead earthling
screen, Sub-station earthling system.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWsyp1RTYtc

Session 4

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar
configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches,

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo

Session 5

Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and
Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial
discharge test, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential
Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests and maintenance of insulator

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0

Session 6

DC Machines:

DC generator – operation, e.m.f. equation, OCC, losses and efficiency, applications.

Practice: OCC of DC Motor.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0

Session 7

DC Machines:

DC motor: operation, torque equation, starting, losses and efficiency, applications.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0

Session 8

Single-phase AC circuits and concept of phasor diagram, series and parallel
circuit.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo

Session 9

Three-phase AC circuits with balanced and unbalance loads.
Practice: Measurement of three-phase power by two-wattmeter method.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-sbANgw4fo

Session 10

Electrical Transformer:

losses, efficiency, operation, applications.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqetOHEhAGE

Session 11

Electrical Transformer:

losses, efficiency, operation, applications.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqetOHEhAGE

Session 12

Practice: Identification of Part of Transformer.

Session 13

Practice: IR Test of Transformer.

Session 14

Single Phase IM Parts, Induction Machine Operations

Practice: Speed-Torque Characteristics of IM

Session 15

Induction Machines  :

Three-phase induction motor: construction, types, operation

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0

Session 16

Induction Machines  :

torque equation, torque-slip characteristics, starting methods, applications.

Applications: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jy4wchNZh0

Session 17

 Electrical Substation  :

Introduction, electrical fault,  Circuit Breaker, Classification of Circuit Breakers

Session 18

 Electrical Substation  :

Isolator, relay, earthing system, fuse, conductror, cables.

Session 19

 Electrical Substation  :

 Application: Circuit Breaker Operation

Session 20

 Electrical Substation  :

 measurement of earth resistance

Session 21

 Electrical Substation  :

Isolator, relay, earthing system, fuse, conductror, cables.

Session 22

 Electrical Substation  :

 Application: Circuit Breaker Operation

Session 23

Electrical Grid System 

Session 24

Bus bar configuration

Session 25

Motor-Generator Set

Session 26

Earth Switch, Isolator & CB Operation

Session 27

DC supply System

Session 28 Case Studies:

Causes of Transformer Failure

Session 29 Case Studies:

Substation Earthing Measurement

Session 30

Revision

Our Main Teachers

Swakantik Mishra is serving as a faculty in Electrical & Electronics Department, He is having 10+ years of experences in Power/Energy Industry & Education sector. He holds a master’s & bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, He is also a management graduate in Operations & HR area.