Course Objectives

• Understanding the concept of Biochemical analyzing instruments both automated and semi automated.
• To learn about how to Care & Maintenance of Equipment & Chemicals.
• To learn normal ranges of biochemical components in our body.
• Clinically relevant biochemical analysis for deeper understanding of all biochemical components i.e., Proteins, Electrolytes, Hormones etc.

Learning Outcomes

• Understanding of instrumentation technique & principle of spectrophotometry, colometry, photometry and electrolyte analyzer.
• To learn about Various tests carried out for biochemical analysis & Hormone investigations.
• To learn about safety precautions and handling the equipment in biochemical laboratory.

Course Syllabus

Module- I ( 12 Hrs)

Chromatography: Paper, Thin layer, Column, Ion exchange, Affinity chromatography, Gel filtration, Gas Chromatography, HPLC, FPLC

Practice: Handling the Equipments and chemicals used in biochemical laboratory.

Module-III ( 12 Hrs)

Electrophoresis: Moving boundary, Zone (Paper Gel) electrophoresis, Immuno electrophoresis, Isoelectric focusing, 2-D electrophoresis. Principle, Instrumentation, Specimen preparation and Application of: X-ray diffraction, NMR, ESR

Practice: Estemate Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Module- III ( 26 Hrs)

Principle and Application of: Fully Automated Biochemistry Analyser, Semi- automated Biochemistry Analyser, Coagulometer. Method of estimation and assessment for: a. Glucose tolerance test. Clearance test for renal function. Gastric analysis, LFT, KFT, Lipid profile, Qualitative test for Urobilinogens, Renal calculi, Barbiturates, T3, T4 and TSH, 17 Ketosteroids. Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation, of Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Aspartate transaminase, Alanine, transaminase and Creatine phosphokinase.

Practice: Glucose Tolerance Test, Clearance Test, Gastric juice collection, Gastric Analysis, Kidney Function Test, Liver Function Test, Lipid Profile,Renal calculi, Hormone Test 

Suggested readings

1. Handbook of Christen Medical Association, India (CMAI) Medical Laboratory Technology-Robert H.Carman. 2nd Edn. CMAI, New Delhi.
2. Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology, P.B. Godkar 2nd Edn. Bhalani Publication.
3. Handbook of Biochemistry by M. A. Siddique 8th Edn. Vijay Bhagat Scientific Book
4. Principle of Biochemistry by Lehninger
5. Biochemistry by Voet&Voet
6. Biochemistry by Stryer
7. Biochemistry of Metabolic process by Asim Kumar Roy, Kalyani Publication
8. Ebook link-https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/lecture_notes/health_science_students/medicalbiochemistry.pdf
9. Ebook link-https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Je_pJfb2r0cC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
10. Ebook link-https://books.google.co.in/books?id=csPcDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
11. Ebook link-https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2FkXAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

All the practice components can be performed by simulation as well as virtual labs.

Amrita Vlab (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1ouqR_dIY_WPDPSZo0e8Wg).

Online Source: Udemy, Coursera, article library, NCBI, Study.com, You tube, Frontier, Febs, unacademy, academia,Slideshare.net

Session Plan

Session 1

Topic: Chromatography

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.coursera.org/lecture/forensic-science/week-2b-1-introduction-to-chromatography-MSip0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DxL-wfcuc0&list=PLUSfjij8XMn5VyEaLdMmWfW0DyrSpMpI_&index=10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQKNm_Q3b-k&list=PLUSfjij8XMn5VyEaLdMmWfW0DyrSpMpI_&index=9

Description-https://www.khanacademy.org/science/class-11-chemistry-india/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-organic-chemistry-some-basic-principles-and-techniques/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-methods-of-purification-of-organic-compounds/a/principles-of-chromatography

Book Reference- Asim Kumar Roy pg:68 &69

Session 2

Topic: Paper chromatography

Study Materials:

Notes: https://spark.adobe.com/page/xPcfJ5tQVDkr5/

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23W5Z_redfs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCzgQXGz9Tg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSJIAcfvEJI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8r8hN05xXk

Slideshare-https://www.slideshare.net/msaltyy/paper-chromatography-65615443

Book Reference- Asim Kumar Roy pg:69 & 70

Session 3

Topic: Thin layer chromatography

Study Materials:

Video-https://www.khanacademy.org/science/class-11-chemistry-india/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-organic-chemistry-some-basic-principles-and-techniques/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-methods-of-purification-of-organic-compounds/v/thin-layer-chromatography

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDaKxskUwA0

Book Reference- Asim Kumar Roy pg:68 &69

Session 4

Topic: Column chromatography

Study Materials:

Notes: https://spark.adobe.com/page/N9KMkfFo58sjZ/

Video- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/class-11-chemistry-india/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-organic-chemistry-some-basic-principles-and-techniques/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-methods-of-purification-of-organic-compounds/v/column-chromatography

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2R2iq_XR1IY

Session 5

Topic: Ion exchange chromatography

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOSkyj1dtbc

 Notes-https://microbenotes.com/ion-exchange-chromatography/

Session 6

Topic: Affinity chromatography

Study Materials:

Wikipedia-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_chromatography#:~:text=Affinity%20chromatography%20is%20a%20method,or%

20protein%20and%20nucleic%20acid.

Notes-https://microbenotes.com/affinity-chromatography/

Book Reference- Asim Kumar Roy pg:70 &71

Session 7

Topic: Gel filtration chromatography

Study Materials: 

Notes-https://microbenotes.com/gel-filtration-chromatography/

Book Reference- Asim Kumar Roy pg:71&72

Session 8

Topic: Gas Chromatography

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/class-11-chemistry-india/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-organic-chemistry-some-basic-principles-and-techniques/xfbb6cb8fc2bd00c8:in-in-methods-of-purification-of-organic-compounds/v/gas-chromatography

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpPzImDSfqc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UycPljfrnWo

Session 9

Topic: HPLC

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN7euA1fS4Y

Guide-https://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatography/hplc.html

Instrumentation-https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/How-Does-High-Performance-Liquid-Chromatography-Work%3F/nav.htm?cid=10049055&locale=en_US

Session 10

Topic: FPLC

Study Materials:

Protocol-https://conductscience.com/fast-protein-liquid-chromatography-fplc-protocol/

Video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_xl4aRy2rk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JlHNJjfjWY

Session 11

Topic: Electrophoresis

Study Materials:

Notes-https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern%2C_Rajagopal%2C_and_Tan)/

08%3A_Basic_Techniques/8.03%3A_Electrophoresis

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/SabahatAli9/electrophoresis-its-types

Session 12

Topic: Moving boundary Electrophoresis

Study Materials:

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/SayantiSau/techniques-of-electrophoresis

https://www.slideshare.net/SabahatAli9/electrophoresis-its-types

Session 13

Topic: Zone (Paper Gel) Electrophoresis

Study Materials:

Description- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/zone-electrophoresis

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/SabahatAli9/electrophoresis-its-types

Session 14

Topic: Immuno electrophoresis

Study Materials:

Notes- https://microbenotes.com/immunoelectrophoresis-principle-procedure-results-and-applications-advantages-and-limitations/

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/SabahatAli9/electrophoresis-its-types

Session 15

Topic: Isoelectric focusing

Study Materials:

Notes- https://bitesizebio.com/26811/isoelectric-focusing-separation-proteins-peptides/

Slideshare-https://www.slideshare.net/arushe143/isoelectric-focussing

Session 16

Topic: 2-D electrophoresis

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KD1pXgWLKdU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqFmnxGMc2g

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/AashishPatel14/2-d-gel-electrophoresis-73169700

Session 17

Topic: Principle, Instrumentation ,Specimen preparation and Application of: X-ray diffraction

Study Materials:

Notes- https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/XRD.html

Session 18

Topic: NMR

Study Materials:

Article- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850081/

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJhVotrZt9I

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_uAtZlKllA

Session 19

Topic: ESR

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y1CHEytZr0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhfK_A6ebC8

Notes- https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/

https://www.healthline.com/health/esr

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr

Session 20

Topic: Principle and Application of: Fully Automated Biochemistry Analyse

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD1W4Ak01b4

Session 21

Topic: Principle and Application of: Semi- automated Biochemistry Analyser 

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b69HryqioM0

Session 22

Topic: Method of estimation and assessment for: a. Glucose tolerance test

Study Materials:

Description-https://www.healthline.com/health/glucose-tolerance-test

Overview-https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/glucose-tolerance-test/about/pac-20394296

Article-https://www.medicinenet.com/glucose_tolerance_test/article.htm

Notes-https://www.portea.com/labs/diagnostic-tests/glucose-tolerance-test-218/#section_5

Session 23

Topic: Clearance test for renal function

Study Materials:

Notes-https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003611#:~:text=Why%20the%20Test%20is%20Performed&text=By%20comparing%20the%20creatinine%20level,especially%20the%20kidneys'%20filtering%20units.

Guide- https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/creatinine-and-creatinine-clearance-blood-tests#1

Session 24

Topic: KFT

Study Materials:

Notes- https://www.labpedia.net/renal-function-tests-renal-parameters-part-1/

https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-function-tests

Session 25

Topic: LFT

Study Materials:

Notes-https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/

https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-function-tests

https://www.javatpoint.com/lft-full-form

Session 26

Topic: Lipid profile

Study Materials:

Notes- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17176-lipid-blood-tests

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/lipid-panel

Session 27

Topic: Gastric analysis

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://jpma.org.pk/article-details/6346

Session 28

Topic: Qualitative test for Urobilinogens

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/urobilinogen-in-urine/

Session 29

Topic: Qualitative test for Barbiturates

Study Materials:

Slide share- https://www.slideshare.net/22suresh/analysis-of-barbiturates

Session 30

Topic: Coagulometer

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mbu6vpcDb84

Session 31

Topic: Thyroid

Study Materials:

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDGmsR2ZILE

https://www.healthline.com/health/thyroid-function-tests#blood-draw

https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/thyroid-hormones

Session 32

Topic: T3

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.healthline.com/health/t3

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/t3-free-and-total

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003687.htm

Session 33

Topic: T4

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.healthline.com/health/t4-test

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/t4-free

Session 34

Topic: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/#:~:text=TSH%20stands%20for%20thyroid%20stimulating,way%20your%20body%20uses%20energy.

https://www.webmd.com/women/what-is-tsh-test#1

https://www.healthline.com/health/tsh

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-tsh

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326774

https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/thyroid-stimulating-hormone/

Session 32

Topic: 17 Kitosteroid & Kitosteroids urine test

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/tests/003460.html

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003460.htm

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003460

http://pennstatehershey.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&pid=1&gid=003460

Session 33

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Acid phosphatase

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acid-phosphatase-test

Session 34

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Alkaline phosphatase

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://labtestsonline.org/tests/alkaline-phosphatase-alp

Session 35

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Lactate dehydrogenase

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-ldh.html

Session 36

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Aspartate transaminase

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.healthline.com/health/ast

Session 37

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Alanine transaminase

Study Materials: 

Notes- https://www.healthline.com/health/alt

Session 38

Topic: Principles, clinical significance and procedures for estimation of Creatine phosphokinase

Study Materials:

Notes- https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003503.htm

Session 39

Practice session:

Topic: Method of estimation and assessment for: a. Glucose tolerance test

Study Materials:

Description-https://www.healthline.com/health/glucose-tolerance-test

Overview-https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/glucose-tolerance-test/about/pac-20394296

Article-https://www.medicinenet.com/glucose_tolerance_test/article.htm

Notes-https://www.portea.com/labs/diagnostic-tests/glucose-tolerance-test-218/#section_5

Session 40

Practice session:

Topic: Lipid Profile

Study Materials: 

Video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYnBsUbG45A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vArSElId6OI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kqmx6nz2PDc

Session 41

Practice session:

Topic: Urine (microscopic)

Study Materials: 

Video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVh9xBuqbSY

Session 42

Practice session:

Topic: Renal calculi

Study Materials: 

Video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bbv62XKK0E

Session 43

Practice session:

Topic: KFT

Study Materials:

Notes- https://www.labpedia.net/renal-function-tests-renal-parameters-part-1/

https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-function-tests

Session 44

Practice session:

Topic: LFT

Study Materials:

Notes-https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/

https://www.healthline.com/health/liver-function-tests

Session 45

Practice session:

Topic: Gastric juice Collection & Analysis

Study Materials:

Notes-https://healthcarentsickcare.com/gastric-functions-gastric-function-test

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gastric-analysis-0#:~:text=Gastric%20analysis%20consists%20of%20a,that%20stimulates%20gastric%20acid%20output

Slide share-https://www.slideshare.net/krishreenamacato/i-gastric-fluid-analysis

Video on Gastric juice collection-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Abf3Gd6AaZQ

Case Studies

Case Studies