Domain Syllabus:

MODULE-I

Grades of binocular vision-simultaneous perception (first grade of binocular vision), fusion, steropsis (third grade of binocular single vision).

Advantages of binocular vision.Visual direction and the horopter_visual direction, corresponding point and normal retinal correspondence, horopter, physiologic diplopia.

Binocular fusionpanum’sarea,fixationdisparity,theories of binocular fusion,synergy hypothesis of panum,local sign hypothesis of hering,eye movement hypothesis of helmholts,suppession hypothesis of du tour and verhoeff,physiologic basis of fusion.

Dihoptic stimulation-depth with fusion and depth with diplopia,diplopia without depth,retinalrivary and suppretion,binocularlusure.

Stropsis-physiologicalbasis of stereopsis,local and global stereopsis and fusion,stereopsis acuity neurophysiology of stereopsis.

Depth perception-steropsis,nonstereoscopiccluestoyhe perception of depth under binocular condition,monocular clues (non stereoscopic clues to spetial orientation)-parallactic movements, linear perspectiveoveriay of contours,sizedistance from horizon ,distribution of highlights, shadow, shades and light .aerial perspective ,influence of accommodation and convergence on depth perception, conclusion.

Integration of the motor and sensory system into binocular vision.

MODULE-II

Binocular defects: Binocular optical defects-anisometropia-vision in anisometropia ,treatment, Binocular optical defects-aniseikonia symptoms, clinical investigation ,treatment.

Binocular muscular co-ordination- orthophoria. Binocular muscular anomalies- heterophoria- ,exophoria, esophoria, hyperphoria, cyclophoria, esotropia ,exotropia, Binocular muscular anomalies-anomalies of convergence and other reading difficulties—insufficiency of convergence, convergence excess, the ophthalmologist and the reading ability of children.

MODULE-III

Neurogenic palsies- Etiology of cranial nerve palsy, Diagnosis, characteristic, management of III nerve palsy, Etiology of IV nerve palsy, Diagnosis, characteristic, managements.

Etiology of VI nerve palsy, Diagnosis, characteristic, management. Mechanical palsies – Duane’s retraction syndrome, Browns syndrome, General fibrosis syndrome, Blow out fractures, Thyroid eye diseases, Anomalies of binocular vision in congenital syndrome- Downs syndrome, cerebral palsy craniofacial anomalies. Amblyopia

I am text block. Click edit button to change this text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

I am text block. Click edit button to change this text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

I am text block. Click edit button to change this text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.

I am text block. Click edit button to change this text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.