Biomolecules and cell biology
Teacher
BHAGYESWARI BEHERA
Category
Core Courses
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Code(Credit) : CUTM1456(3-2-1)
Course Objectives
Students will be able to
•Understand the structures and purposes of basic components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, especially macromolecules, membranes, and organelles.
•Exploration of different types of biomolecules and the importance in cellular composition..
Course Outcomes
| COs | Course Outcome |
Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
| CO1 |
Know about the structure and functions of macromolecules and the major organelles that occur in eukaryotic cells
|
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO4-2 | CO2 | Carry out a range of laboratory exercises, demonstrating the development of practical scientific skills | PO1-3, PO2-3, PO9-2 | CO3 | Able to investigate protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents in different samples | PO1-3, PO2-3, PO4-3, PO9-2 |
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Biomolecules I: Types and significance of chemical bonds; Structure and properties of water; pH and buffers.Carbohydrates:Nomenclature and classification; Monosaccharides; Disaccharides; Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Lipids: Definition and major classes of storage and structural lipids; Fatty acids structure and functions; Essential fatty acids; Triacylglycerols structure, functions and properties.
Practice: 1. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars.
2. Quantitative test for lipid.
3. Determination of pH in waste water sample.
Module-II
Biomolecules II: Nucleic acids:Structure of nitrogenous bases; Structure and function of nucleotides; Types of nucleic acids; Structure of A, B, Z types of DNA; Types of RNA; Structure of tRNA.
Proteins:Structure of amino acids; Levels of protein structure-primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary; Protein denaturation and biological roles of proteins.
Practice: 1. Qualitative tests for Proteins.
2. Cytochemical staining of: DNA- Feulgen and cell wall in the epidermal peel of onion using Periodic Schiff’s (PAS) staining technique.
Module-III
Bioenergenetics:Laws of thermodynamics, concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions,Phosphoglycerides.Coupled reactions, redox reactions. ATP: structure, its role as a energy currency molecule.
Enzymes:Structure of enzyme: holoenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors, coenzymes and prostheticgroup;Classification of enzymes; Features of active site, substrate specificity, mechanism of action (activation energy, lock and key hypothesis, induced - fit theroy), Michaelis– Mentenequation,enzyme inhibition and factors affecting enzyme activity.
Module-IV
The cell:Cell as a unit of structure and function; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Originofeukaryotic cell (Endosymbiotic theory).
Cell wall and plasma membrane:Chemistry, structure and function of Plant cell wall. Overview of membrane function; fluid mosaic model; Chemical composition of membranes; Membrane transport – Passive, active and facilitated transport, endocytosis and exocytosis.
Practice: 1. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mount of Onion/Rhoeo/Crinum.
2. Demonstration of the phenomenon of protoplasmic streaming in Hydrilla leaf.
3. Study the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.
4. Study the effect of organic solvent and temperature on membrane permeability.
Module-V
Nucleus:Structure-nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina, molecular organization ofchromatin; nucleolus.
Cytoskeleton:Role and structure of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament.
Chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes:Structural organization; Function; Semiautonomous nature of mitochondria and chloroplast.
Practice: 1.Measurement of cell size by the technique of micrometry.
Module-VI
Endomembrane system:Endoplasmic Reticulum–Structure, targeting and insertion of proteins in the ER,protein folding, processing; Smooth ER and lipid synthesis, export of proteins and lipids; Golgi Apparatus – organization, protein glycosylation, protein sorting and export from Golgi Apparatus.
Practice: 1.Study of cell and its organelles with the help of electron micrographs.
Module-VII
Cell division:Phases of eukaryotic cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; Regulation of cell cycle- checkpoints, roleof protein kinases.
Practice: 1. Study different stages of mitosis and meiosis.
Text Books:
1. Campbell, MK (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed., Published by Cengage Learning
2. Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by Churchill Livingstone
3. Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed., W.H.Freeman
4. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company
5. Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company.
Reference Book:
6. Karp, G. (2010). Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 6th edition.
7. Hardin, J., Becker, G., Skliensmith, L.J. (2012). Becker’s World of the Cell, Pearson Education Inc. U.S.A. 8th edition.
8. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
9. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009) The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
Session Plan
Session 1
Types and significance of chemical bonds.
https://www.slideshare.net/hakimmehenni5/the-chemical-bonds-67860777
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_JJSgIDzt0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-tE6MN-wrE
Session 2 (Assignment-1)
Structure and Properties of water
https://www.slideshare.net/AISWARYABALAKRISHNAN4/structure-and-properties-of-water-70978298
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A88ih2PQDNs
Session 3
Session 4
Nomenclature and classification; Monosaccharides; Disaccharides; Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
https://www.slideshare.net/syed_ismail/carbohydrates-28872311
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w18-pnDw-Q
Session 5
Definition and major classes of storage and structural lipids
Link: https://www.slideshare.net/AsadAfridi5/lipids-notes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BBYBRWzsLA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brs2nMubr84
Session 6
Fatty acids structure and functions and Essential fatty acids.
https://www.slideshare.net/sachithGamage/fatty-acids-72294256
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FlEcQ9-XQA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZSjw4TbIJk
Session 7
Triacyl glycerols structure, functions and properties.
https://www.slideshare.net/AshfaqAhmad52/triacylglycerol
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZSjw4TbIJk
Session 8 (Practice-1)
Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojhdTFmkY1c
Session 10 (Practice-3)
Determination of pH in waster water sample.
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=272&sim=1414&cnt=1
Session 11
Session 12 (Assignment-2)
Session 13
Session 14
Session 15 (Assignment-3)
Session 16
Structure of amino acids and level of Protein structure and function
https://www.slideshare.net/ArjunKumar314/classification-of-amino-acids-81980287
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQYHLRkLF_k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5gN-IK6uKs
Session 18 (Practice-5)
Cytochemical staining of: DNA- Feulgen and cell wall in the epidermal peel of onion using Periodic Schiff’s (PAS) staining technique.
https://www.um.edu.mt/data/assets/pdf_file/0006/43782/B1010Prac3_-_Fuelgen.pdf
Session 19
Laws of thermodynamics and concept of free energy.
https://www.slideshare.net/RajaWajahatakavg/laws-of-thermodynamics-43419966?qid=42e43c11-6b2b-49c9-a16a-fe0cb3660aa0&v=&b=&from_search=2https://www.slideshare.net/PawankumarGurav1/free-energy-possible?qid=34dac171-4a27-4dae-86bf-e89af9ac6224&v=&b=&from_search=3
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0cd_-e49hZpWLH3UIwoWRA
Session 20
Endergonic and exergonic reactions, Coupled reactions, redox reactions.
https://www.slideshare.net/guest0cc60c/cellular-respiration-presentation?qid=44174bb6-e796-4879-a994-d488b98028cf&v=&b=&from_search=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2L-X2sUigs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IqgrcBkGRU
Session 21
ATP: structure, its role as a energy currency molecule.
https://www.slideshare.net/namarta28/atp-the-universal-energy-currency-of-cell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Btd6HcXV-lo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYaX9VpFxwM
Session 22
Structure and classification of enzyme.
https://www.slideshare.net/AliMuhammed19/enzyme-structure-classification-and-mechanism-of-action?qid=6e4ac43a-feff-4136-8afa-, https://www.slideshare.net/AliMuhammed19/enzyme-structure-classification-and-mechanism-of-action?qid=306696f9-660f-492f-940e-7f549eba7863&v=&b=&from_search=2581bbe0dd834&v=&b=&from_search=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woJK8gnPHvA
Session 23
Features of active site, substrate specificity.
https://www.slideshare.net/EasyBiologyClassEBC/enzyme-specificitypptslideshareeasybiologyclass.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk14dOOvwMk
Session 24
Mechanism of enzyme action and Michaelis– Menten Equation,
https://www.slideshare.net/afrinajasy/michaelis-menten-125902499
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJTkPyIhC-k
Session 25
Enzyme inhibition and factors affecting enzyme activity.
https://www.slideshare.net/sheilarao/chm-105168-factors-affecting-enzyme-activity?qid=6b9c49a0-c093-4739-9485-84f9420af190&v=&b=&from_search=3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhAiTiqUv3w
Session 26 (Assignment-4)
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
https://www.slideshare.net/MdAtickChowdhury/prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes-63590323
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ-SMCmWB1s
Session 27 (Practical-6)
Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel mount of Onion/Rhoeo/Crinum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyP3-ICurVk
Session 28 (Practical-7)
Measurement of cell size by the technique of micrometry.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgbQvsDklgw
Session 29
Session 30 (Assignment-5)
Chemistry, structure and function of Plant cell wall
https://www.slideshare.net/rajpalchoudharyjat/cell-wall-structure-and-function
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3P6Ycqf9bqI,
Session 31
Chemical composition and function of membranes.
https://www.slideshare.net/PradeepNarwat/biological-membrane-its-chemical-composition.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LW7EJA_K0oU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcrqIxt8am8
Session 32
Session 33 (Practical-8)
Study the effect of organic solvent and temperature on membrane permeability.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hc3Mg0Yc7kI.
Session 34 (Practice-9)
Demonstration of the phenomenon of protoplasmic streaming in Hydrilla leaf.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsOUctiFoy4
Session 35 (Practice-10)
Study the phenomenon of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPwLN6U1spk&t=1s
Session 36
Structure-nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxdajtjxRvg&t=68s
https://www.slideshare.net/sujitghosh5/nuclear-envelope-and-nuclear-lamina
Session 37
molecular organization of chromatin.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbSIBhFwQ4s
https://www.slideshare.net/PromilaSheoran/molecular-organization-of-chromosomes-68131491
Session 38 (Assignment-6)
Session 39
Role and structure of cytoskeleton.
https://www.slideshare.net/PradeepBadal/orginagition-and-role-of-cytoskeleton,
Session 40 (Assignment-7)
Structural organization and Function Mitocondria and chloroplast
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3EYY3Jv-0Q,
Session 41 (Assignment-8)
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Structure.
https://www.slideshare.net/CindyBitangcor/endoplasmic-reticulum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Glyii-xFWA
Session 42
Session 43
Session 44
Smooth ER and lipid synthesis.
https://www.slideshare.net/shimoki/smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum-36483211
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1sivHasIoc,
Session 45 (Assignment-9)
Golgi Apparatus – organization and protein glycosylation
https://www.slideshare.net/Dryogeshcsv/golgi-apparatus-107858800
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yI5x3yI3frU, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbzra_JUO0I,
Session 46
Protein sorting and export from Golgi Apparatus.
https://www.slideshare.net/anatomy2013/protein-sorting-in-golgi-bodies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1evVesEIB9o&t=3s,
Session 47 (Practical-11)
Study of cell and its organelles with the help of electron micrographs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSd7Dlx56Xg&t=42s
Session 49
Phases of eukaryotic cell cycle and regulation.
https://www.slideshare.net/SayantiSau/cell-cycle-and-its-check-points-and-regulation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsrH050wnIA,
Session 51 (Practice-12)
Study different stages of mitosis and meiosis.
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=188&sim=1102&cnt=1
Session 52 (Assignment-10)
Describe germ cell divission process in eukaryote.
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
BHAGYESWARI BEHERA
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, School of Applied Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management
VIEW PROFILEHave specialization in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. Qualified GATE and NET. Research interest in Biochemistry, Microbiology and taxonomy. Teaching expertise in subject Cell biology, molecular biology, Biochemistry, Genetics, Plant physiology and metabolism.