Cell and Molecular Biology
Teacher
Dr. Gagan Kumar Panigrahi
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Cell and Molecular Biology
Code(Credit) : CUTM1437(3-1-0)
Course Objectives
By the end of the course, learners should have a knowledge of:
● The cell biology of all major groups of organisms, including microorganisms, plants and animals
● How genome organisation differs in the major groups of organisms
● The complex interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm that determine how cells function
● Basic concepts of how cells become specialised into different types in complex organisms
● How the cytoskeleton is organised and its role in cellular function
Course Outcome
| COs | Course Outcome |
Mapping COs with POs
(High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
| CO1 |
At the end of Cell and Molecular Biology, learners should have developed knowledge of the major ideas and current experimental approaches in cell biology and molecular biology and should be able to progress to related courses in Biological Sciences, including Biochemistry, Genetics, Neuroscience, Pathology, Plant Sciences.
|
PO1-3, PO7-3, PO9-2 |
| CO2 | Student would understand the biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription and translation. | PO1-3, PO4-2, PO9-2 |
Course Syllabus
Module I: Biological Membranes And Transport Of Biomolecules.
Structure of biological membranes: Cell wall (Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic), the plasma membrane, Membrane proteins, Mobility of membrane proteins, Membrane biogenesis: Cell wall and cell membrane biogenesis, Cell-Cell and cell-matrix interactions: Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interactions (Matrix structural proteins, Matrix Polysaccharides; Matrix adhesion proteins), Cell-Cell interactions (Adhesion Junctions, Tight Junctions, Gap junctions, Plasmodesmata), Membrane Trafficking (Pumps, channels, transporters): Ions channels, Active transport driven by ATP hydrolysis, Active transport driven by Ion gradients, Passive transport, Facilitated transport, Endocytosis (Phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis).
Practice
Glucose uptake assay
Module II: Cytoskeleton, Cell motility and Cell division.
Structure and Organization of Actin Filaments: assembly and disassembly of actin filaments, organization of actin filaments, association of actin filaments with the plasma membrane, Intermediate filaments: assembly of intermediate filaments, intracellular organization of intermediate filaments, The microtubule: structure and dynamic organization of microtubules, Eukaryotic cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis, Cell death and cell renewal: Programmed cell death, stem cells and maintenance of adult tissues. Cell cycle and its regulation and check points.
Practice
Plasmid isolation (miniprep).
Module III: Intercellular communication and the Nucleus.
Signaling molecules and their receptors, modes of cell signaling, Cell surface receptors, G Protein-coupled receptors. Receptor protein tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, Pathways of Intracellular signal transduction, second messengers, the cAMP Pathway, cGMP, Nuclear organization, traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, chromosomes, Chromatin organization (DNA packaging), Lampbrush chromosome, Polytene chromosome, telocentric chromosome, Inter-phase chromatin, Euchromatin and Heterochromatin, karyotype and its significance, the Nucleolus.
Practice
Extraction of DNA from the fish fins.
Module IV: Replication, Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions and Transcription.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication: DNA polymerases, replisome, primase, telomerase, inhibitors of replication. DNA synthesis by reverse transcription, Prokaryotic transcription mechanisms, Prokaryotic transcriptional regulation (Operon concept), Eukaryotic transcription –core promoter and general transcription factors (GTFs), Eukaryotic transcription–activating transcription factors and enhancers, Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression.
Practice
Visualization of DNA by performing agarose gel electrophoresis and extraction of DNA from the agarose gel.
Module V: RNA Processing, Translation and Protein sorting.
RNA-processing, mRNA export. Post transcriptional modification and: RNA splicing, spliceosome, RNA editing, Genetic code. Translation: Protein synthesis, post-translational modifications: Glycosylation, Phosphorylation, Ubiquitination, Inhibitors of transcription and translation. Protein sorting and Targeting: Co translational targeting and post translational targeting. Protein targeting to Mitochondria,Chloroplast, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxisome and Plasmamembrane. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: role of chromatin in regulating gene expression and gene silencing.
Practice
DNA amplification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Module VI: Protein Structure, Function and Evolution
Unique principles of protein structure and molecular machines (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures), Study of protein structures (circulsar dichorism, X-ray crystallography and cryo electron microscopy), How proteins have evolved and how analysis of protein structure can help us to understand the evolutionary relationships between different proteins and their function.
Module VII: Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Engineering
How the peptide and protein structures discussed in the preceding module can assume functions, Enzyme catalysis, mechanism and kinetics, Co-operative (allosteric) molecular basis of metabolic regulation, Principles of protein folding and stability, Protein engineering and mechanistic enzymology–how to create novel, functional proteins, by rational design, semi-rational approaches, and by directed evolution.
Practice
In silico membrane-receptor and ligand interaction studies using DISCOVERY STUDIO (BIOVIA).
Text Books:
1. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman (Boston University). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. ASM Press, Washington D.C. Fourth edition.
2. Cell and molecular biology Robertis, De and Robertis Lea and Febiger. Eighth Edition.
Reference Books:
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell Alberts, B., et al. 6th Rev ed. Taylor & Francis; 2014 ISBN 978-0-8153-4432-2 (hard), 978-0-8153-4524-4
2. Essential Cell Biology Alberts, B., et al. 4th Rev ed. Garland; 2013 ISBN 9780815344544
3. Lewin’s Genes XII Krebs, J.E. et al. Jones & Bartlett; 2018 ISBN 9781284104493
4. Molecular Cell Biology Lodish H. et al. 8th ed. W.H. Freeman and Company; 2016 ISBN 9781464183393
Session Plan
Session 1
Biological membranes
Session 2
Cell wall and cell membrane biogenesis
Session 3
Lipids and lipid modification
Session 4
Cell-Cell and cell-matrix interactions
Session 5
Membrane Trafficking
Session 6
Practice 1: Glucose uptake assay (2h)
Session 7
Structure and Organization of Actin Filaments
Session 8
Intermediate filaments
Session 9
The microtubule cytoskeleton
Session 10
Eukaryotic cell division
Session 11
Cell death and cell renewal
Session 12
Practice 2: Plasmid isolation (miniprep) (2h)
Session 13
Signaling molecules and their receptors, modes of cell signaling
Session 14
Cell receptors
Session 15
Pathways of Intracellular signal transduction, second messengers, the cAMP Pathway, cGMP
Session 16
Nuclear organization
Session 17
The Nucleolus
Session 18
Practice 3: Extraction of DNA from the fish fins. (2h)
Session 19
DNA & RNA structure
Session 20
DNA synthesis and DNA Repair
Session 21
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription mechanisms
Session 22
Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression
Session 23
RNA Processing and Translation
Session 24
Practice 4: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Extraction of DNA from the agarose gel. (2h)
Session 25
Polymerase chain reaction
Session 26
Gene cloning
Session 27
How those proteins may be modified for use in specific experiments (e.g. localization, protein interactions, etc.)
Session 28
Regulation of gene expression (e.g. RNAi, CRISPR-Cas9)
Session 29
Practice 5: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). (2h)
Session 30
Unique principles of protein structure
Session 31
How the peptide and protein structures assume functions
Session 32
Enzyme catalysis, mechanism and kinetics
Session 33
Co-operative (allosteric) molecular basis of metabolic regulation
Session 34
Principles of protein folding and stability
Session 35
Protein engineering
Session 36
Practice 6: In silico membrane-receptor and ligand interaction studies using DISCOVERY STUDIO (BIOVIA). (2h)
Our Main Teachers
Experienced with teaching profession in the field of Biochemistry,Animal Physiology, Cell biology. Presently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Zoology,School of Applied Science,Centurion University of Technology & Management, Odisha, India. Pursuing P.hD in Vermitechnology (recycling Biodegradable Wastes ) in CUTM. Received M.Phil in Biotechnology on Activity of Enzyme and M.Sc. in BIOCHEMISTRY as Specialisation […]