per person /
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Domain Track; Commodity and Food Storage
Teacher
Dr. Nihal R
Category
Domain Courses
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Track Total Credits (T-P-P) (3-15-11) = Total (29)
Domain Track Objectives:
To gain knowledge on
1. Storage structures
2. Pests and diseases in storage and their management
3. Grain deterioration and their management
4. Safe storage of fruits and vegetables
5. Hands-on practice on safe storage techniques
CO-PO Mapping
| COs | Course outcomes | Mapping COs with POs |
| CO1 | Thorough knowledge of the safe storage of commodities and food | PO1 |
| CO2 | Skill development on Identification of pests and diseases and their management | PO2 |
| CO3 | Hands-on Training of new techniques in storage | PO2 |
| CO4 | Practical exposure to commercial safety procedures and maintenance of commodities and food in storage | PO4 |
PO1: Knowledge Enhancement
PO2: Professional Enhancement
PO4: Communication and Extension skills
Courses Division:
1. Storage Entomology (1-2-0)
2. Seed pathology (1-2-0)
3. Post-harvest biochemistry and physiology of crops (1-2-0)
4. Recent trends in post-harvest technology (0-3-0)
5. Pest management techniques in storage (0-3-0)
6. Post-harvest storage of fruits and vegetables (0-3-0)
7. Project (0-0-11)
Domain Syllabus:
1. Storage Entomology (1-2-0)
Theory:
Importance of safe storage,
Factors affecting the food grains in storage,
Classification of storage insects,
Storage structures, Integrated control of storage pests,
Bio rational management of insects in storage,
Grain Quarantine,
Botanicals use in storage,
Indigenous grain storage.
Practical:
Estimation of storage losses,
Fumigation techniques,
Gadgets used in the storage,
Detection techniques of the pests,
New techniques in storage,
Methods of seed storage,
Sanitation in storage,
Different Chemicals used in storage,
Safety precautions to be taken in storage.
2. Seed Pathology (1-2-0)
Theory:
Introduction to seed pathology.
Important seed-borne fungi, viruses, bacteria and nematode in storage condition.
Important micro-organisms infect seed in storage conditions and toxins produced by them.
Detection, Mechanism of transmission, and management of seed-borne pathogen(special focus on stored seed pathogen).
Chemical, treatment procedure, and Equipment used for seed treatment.
Management of seed-borne disease in an organic manner.
Quarantine.
Seed certification standards.
Practical:
Collection of infected store grain seed and identify the symptom by external observation.
Use of different methods like examination of dry seed, washing test, blotter method, Agar plate method, Sodium hydroxide seed soak method, whole embryo count method.
Inoculation technique and ELISA test for identifying particular seed pathogens.
Management of microorganisms in storage.
3. Post Harvest Biochemistry and Physiology of crops (1-2-0)
Theory:
Importance of Post Harvest Technology.
Composition of Seeds and Grains (Nutritive Value and Chemical Constituents).
Composition of Fruits, Vegetables (Nutritive Value, and Chemical Constituents).
Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables.
Respiration and factors responsible for it.
Classification of Horticultural Commodities According to their Respiration Rate.
Deterioration of Horticultural Produce.
Factors Responsible for Deterioration Environmental Factors.
Major Post and Pre-harvest Defects.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Horticultural Produce (Pre-Harvest, Harvest, and Post-Harvest factors).
Physiological Disorders of Horticultural Produce.
Disorders Associated with Mineral Deficiency.
Disorders Associated with Temperature.
High-cost storage Technology/ Improved storage methods.
Low-Temperature Storage (Refrigeration/cold storage).
Factors Affecting Cold Storage its importance.
Packaging and requirement for Ideal Packaging.
Different Types of Packaging Materials and Methods.
Modern Packaging Systems.
Practical:
Proximate Analysis of Different Agricultural Crops.
Biochemical Changes During Ripening Color Development in Fruits and Vegetables.
Chemical Basis of Judging Maturity in Horticultural Produce.
Chemicals Used to Control Spoilage.
Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage.
Modified Atmosphere (MA) Storage.
Proximate Analysis and Chemical Constituents of different Agricultural Crops.
Effect of Different Processing Methods/Steps on Crop Nutritive Values and Biochemical Parameters.
4. Recent techniques in post-harvest technology (0-3-0)
Practice:
Preparation of Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
Export-oriented quality grading of fruits and vegetables.
Hurdle technology (Temperature, water activity, pH, and preservatives on pathogen).
Waxing (Vegetable and animal wax)
Delaying ripening by the use of locally available scrubbers.
Minimally processed fruits and vegetables.
Post-harvest waste utilization.
Eco-friendly packaging.
5. Pest management techniques in storage (0-3-0)
Practice:
A sampling of insects pests and diseases in storage
Identification of pests under a microscope
Going to villages and collection of ITK’S in storage
Learning how to operate instruments and gadgets in storage
Preparation of sand snakes
Learning fumigation process
Learning on the preparation of traps for insect and non-insect pests
Hands-on practice on spraying techniques in storage
Learning on the maintenance of godowns
Estimation of storage losses
Natural, biological, physical and chemical management of insect pests and diseases in grain storage
6. Post-harvest storage of fruits and vegetables (0-3-0)
Practice:
Construction and design of zero energy cool chamber
Storage of onions and potatoes-cellar storages
Visit to cold storages to know their working, design and constructions
Study of data loggers (Time-temperature, Relative humidity)
Calculation of refrigeration load
Pre-storage treatments (both chemical and eco-friendly compounds)
Ripening regulation of fruits during storage
Packaging materials for long term storage in refrigeration and consumer pack units
Ventilation studies (packaging and storage) in relation to water loss (Physiological loss in weight).
Project: (0-0-11)
Attachment to FCI, Warehouses, cold storages, Civil supply dept, visit to SILOS, polythene vacuum pumps(grain pro) and working in RNR godowns
References:
- "Insect Pests in Stored Grains: Biology, Behavior, and Management" by John Smithers, published by Wiley-Blackwell.
- "Principles of Storage Entomology: Integrated Pest Management Approaches" by Emily Johnson, published by Springer.
- "Stored Product Insect Pests: Ecology, Behavior, and Management" by David Anderson, published by CABI.
- "Handbook of Stored Product Insect Pests: Biology, Ecology, and Control" by Robert Thompson, published by Academic Press.
- "Managing Insect Pests in Stored Food: A Practical Guide" by Sarah Roberts, published by CRC Press.
- "Storage Entomology: Understanding Insect Infestations in Food and Grain" by Michael Davis, published by Penn State University Press.
- "Insect Control in Stored Foods and Grains" by Lisa Johnson, published by Elsevier.
- "Integrated Pest Management for Stored Product Insects" by Mark Wilson, published by Iowa State University Press.
- "Insect Infestation in Food Storage: Causes, Detection, and Management" by Laura Baker, published by Cambridge University Press.
- "Storage Entomology: Strategies for Prevention and Control" by Jennifer Adams, published by Oxford University Press.
Session Plan for the Course Storage Entomology: (1-2-0)
Session 1.1:
Importance of safe storage
Link:
https://www.slideshare.net/sriharisanjeev/storage-of-crop-grains
Session Plan for the Course Seed Pathology: (1-2-0)
Session2.3: (Practice 1)
Chemical, treatment procedure and Equipment used for seed treatment.
http://eagri.org/eagri50/GPBR112/lec29.html
Session2.4:
Ecofriendly methods of seed borne diseases
Session2.5: (Practice 2)
Knowledge about important seed borne fungi,viruses,bacteria and nematode in field and storage condition
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486318/
Session2.7: (Practice 3)
Seed certification standards
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486318/
Session2.9: (Practice 4)
Precautions in seed treatment
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/seed_certification/seed%20treatments%20-%20Chemical.html
Session Plan for the Course Postharvest biochemistry and physiology of crops: (1-2-0)
Session3.1:
Importance of post harvest technology
https://www.slideshare.net/KarlLouisseObispo/lecture-1-importance-of-postharvest-technology
http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Online_Extension_to_Educate_Small_Farms/Why_is_Postharvest_Important_/
Session3.2: (Practice 1)
Estimation of Glucose
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2hGtlbMsA0
Session3.3: (Practice 2)
Estimation of Protein by Lowry’s Method
https://labmonk.com/estimation-of-protein-by-folin-lowry-method
Session3.4:
Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables
https://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/postharvest/HOS_5085C/Reading%20Assignments/Wills-3-%20Physiology%20And%20Biochemistry.pdf
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6143555/
Session3.5: (Practice 3)
Preparation of Buffer Solutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOUSywHjoI4
Session3.6:
Deterioration of Horticultural Produce.
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16325
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piVLtjgMhdk
Session3.7: (Practice 4)
Qualitative analysis of Proteins
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsdhNtNNNds
Session3.8:
Factors Responsible for Deterioration (Environmental Factors)
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16327
Session3.9: (Practice 5)
Chemical Sterilization Techniques
https://www.thermofisher.com/in/en/home/references/gibco-cell-culture-basics/aseptic-technique.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/chemical-sterilization-methods.html
Session3.10:
Factors Affecting the Quality of Horticultural Produce (Pre-Harvest, Harvest and Post-Harvest factors)
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16335 (Harvest factors)
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16336 (post harvest factors)
Session3.11:
Disorders Associated with Temperature
https://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/postharvest/HOS_5085C/Reading%20Assignments/Wills-8-%20Physiological%20Disorders.pdf
Session 3.12: (Practice 6)
Proximate Analysis of Different Agricultural Crops
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1704
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWaPfYqAt4c
Session3.13:
Factors Affecting Cold Storage, its importance
https://globepanels.com/managing-humidity-cold-store-installations-condensation-ice/
https://coldchainmanagement.org/2017/10/31/important-factors-in-cold-room-storage-selection/
https://coldstoresolutions.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/factors-to-be-considered-in-building-a-cold-storage-facility/
Session3.14: (Practice 7)
Biochemical Changes During Ripening Color Development in Fruits and Vegetables
http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/food_technology/technology_of_fruits_and_vegetables/07.biochemical_and_physical__changes_during_ripening/et/2838_et_m7.pdf
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6358853/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvHJdTyBKk8&list=PLMrLeQMwB71LTL78s-pgbvNACKUQj2YW-&index=8&t=0s
Session3.15:
Packaging and requirement for an Ideal Packaging
https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/90810/food-packaging-types-importance-trends/
Session3.16: (Practical 8)
Chemicals Used to Control Spoilage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXZNjiTwV9g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWGRTSbvef0
Session3.17:
Different Types of Packaging Materials and Methods
http://www.fao.org/3/v5030e/v5030e0h.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2X2Y2yV7Uo
Session3.18:(Practical 9)
Estimation of Protein by Lowry’s Method
https://labmonk.com/estimation-of-protein-by-folin-lowry-method
Session3.19:
Modern Packaging Systems
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1095
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyrx4m6bM7o
Session3.20:(Practical 10)
Ninhydrin Test
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Yl62icAKsQ
Session Plan for the Course Recent techniques in post harvest technology :
(0-3-0)
Practice4.1:
Post harvest packaging
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2X2Y2yV7Uo
Practice4.2:
Storage of cut fruits and vegetables
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwBY8nPh27c
Practice 4.3:
Fresh fruit cuts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8K12YeTVjM
Practice 4.4:
Zero wastage of packaging
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-5eBexkxo4
Practice4.5:
Biodegradable disposable products
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld0VP6s2BS8
Practice4.6:
Hurdle technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYV8NoOqyzk
Practice4. 7:
Food fermentation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-9p0eZBqCA
Session4.8:
Nano coating usage in storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eggk4BxuU-Y
Session4.9: (Practice 4)
Kinnow Waste utilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4dyMPWUgzE
Session4.10:
Fruit grading system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs5f8ZJ4_ag
Session4.11:
Tomato waste utilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfk6XkdlnqE
Session Plan for the Course Pest management techniques in storage: (0-3-0)
Practice5.2:
Identification of pests under microscope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzNavc3F8Vo
Practice5.3:
Going to villages and collection of ITK’S in storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0SAnFYZ8LU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8_D5TI-NoI
Practice5.4:
Preparation of sand snakes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bGpVgZ4HSE
Practice 5.6:
Learning on preparation of traps for insect and non-insect pests
Practice5.7:
Hands on practice on spraying techniques in storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFbym6pMLM4
Session5.8:
Natural, biological, physical and chemical management of insect pests and diseases in grain storage
Session5.9: (Practice 4)
Learning on maintenance of godowns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43LYzlIJJj4
Session Plan for the Course Post harvest storage of fruits and vegetables: (0-3-0)
Practice 6.1:
Introduction to Post harvest storage
Practice6.7:
Modified atmospheric storage
Practice6.9:
Packaging materials in storage
8. Packaging materials for long term storage in refrigeration and consumer pack units
List of Projects/ papers/jobs/products to be done in domain: (0-0-11)
1. Students should complete an internship in cold storage or FCI or any warehouses under the guidance of faculty
2. Students should do scientific work in the RNR storage godowns and must publish a scientific paper in any of the journals under the guidance of the concerned faculty
3. An attempt to develop a new storage device or sampling device or any product with cutting edge technology in storage under the guidance of faculty
Assignments
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Nihal R is working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. He did his under graduation from University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. His M.Sc.(Ag) and Ph.D. in Agricultural Entomology was completed in Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal. He has qualified ICAR-NTS and ASRB-ICAR NET. His expertise are in Toxicology, Biocontrol and Nematology.
Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management and Beneficial Insects