Course Name: Crop Improvement-II (Fibre, sugar, starches, narcotics, vegetables, fruits & flowers)- Rabi crops

Code(Credit) : ASPG3205 (1-1-0)

Course objective

To educate students about the different breeding techniques used to create variations and hybrids in diverse field and horticultural crops (Rabi Crops), including their origin, distribution, and botanical description

CO PO mapping

PO 1- Knowledge enhancement

PO 2- Professional enhancement

PO5- Team work

PO7- Data handling

Syllabus 

Theory

1.Introduction – definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding – history and development of plant breeding –contributions of eminent scientist – important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crop

2.Sugar crop – sugarcane – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms –breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

3.Cereals – wheat – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

4.Pulses –Bengal gram– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

5.Oilseeds-Sunflower, mustard – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

6.Millets – Barley – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

7.Fodder crop – Berseem – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

8.Narcotic Crop- Tobacco- origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

9.Vegetable – okra– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

10.Fruit crops – guava and banana – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

11.Plant genetic resources – definition and important features of germplasm – kinds of germplasm – classification of gene pool– types of seed collections – germplasm activities – exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm– germplasm conservation – in -situ conservation – ex-situ conservation – evaluation – documentation – distribution and utilization

12.Ideotype breeding – main features of ideotype breeding – features of ideotypes of wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton – factors affecting ideotypes – steps in ideotype breeding – achievements

13.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – introduction – variability in fungal pathogens – hybridization, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, mutation and cytoplasmic adaptation – disease resistance – mechanisms of disease resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) – causes of disease resistance – genetic basis of disease resistance – sources of disease resistance – breeding methods for disease resistance – achievements

14.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – insect resistance – mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements

15.Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses – drought resistance – mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance, and resistance) – features associated with drought resistance – sources of drought resistance – breeding methods for drought resistance – limitations – achievements; breeding for resistance to water logging – effects of water logging mechanism of tolerance

16.Breeding for abiotic stresses – breeding for salt tolerance – response of plants to salinity – symptoms – mechanisms of salt tolerance – breeding methods for salt tolerance – problems – achievements; Cold tolerance – chilling resistance – effects of chilling stress on plants – mechanism of chilling tolerance – sources of chilling tolerance – selection criteria – freezing resistance – effects of freezing – mechanism of freezing resistance – genetic resources for freezing tolerance – selection criteria – problems in breeding for freezing tolerance. Hybrid seed production in different types of crops.

Practical

1. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sugarcane

2. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Wheat

3. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sunflower

4. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Rapeseed and Mustard

5. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Barley

6. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Berseem

7. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Oat

8. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Chickpea and Lentil

9. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Field pea and Cowpea

10. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Potato

11. Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods

12. Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops

13. Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability

14. Layout of field experiments

15. Study of quality characters and study of donor parents for different characters.

16. Visit to seed production plots and Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops

References
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Chopra, V.L. and Paroda, R.S. 1986. Approaches for Incorporating Drought Salinity Resistance in Crop Plants. Oxford and IBH, Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Kalloo, G. 1994. Vegetable Breeding. Panima Educational Book Agency, New Delh i.
Kumar, N. 2006. Breeding of Horticultural Crops – Principles and Practices. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Phundan Singh, 1996. Essentials of Plant Breeding . Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakur, D. 1995. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Sharma, J.R. 1994. Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw Hill, Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, B.D. 1983. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.