Crop Improvement-II

Teacher

Dr. Sanghamitra Rout

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name: Crop Improvement-II (Fibre, sugar, starches, narcotics, vegetables, fruits & flowers)- Rabi crops

Code(Credit) : ASPG3205 (1-1-0)

Course objective

To educate students about the different breeding techniques used to create variations and hybrids in diverse field and horticultural crops (Rabi Crops), including their origin, distribution, and botanical description

CO PO mapping

COs Course Outcome Mapping COs with POs
CO-1 Student understand the principles of crop improvement. PO1
CO-2 Learner acquires knowledge of  hybridization techniques and to subsequently utilize to enhance the Rabi crops. PO1, PO2
CO-3 The student selects the superior lines by data computation to enhance the Rabi crops. PO7
CO-4 Students working in groups will cultivate various rabi crops in diverse small plots. PO5

PO 1- Knowledge enhancement

PO 2- Professional enhancement

PO5- Team work

PO7- Data handling

Syllabus 

Theory

1.Introduction – definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding – history and development of plant breeding –contributions of eminent scientist – important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crop

2.Sugar crop – sugarcane – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms –breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

3.Cereals – wheat – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

4.Pulses –Bengal gram– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

5.Oilseeds-Sunflower, mustard – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

6.Millets – Barley – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

7.Fodder crop – Berseem – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

8.Narcotic Crop- Tobacco- origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

9.Vegetable – okra– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

10.Fruit crops – guava and banana – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

11.Plant genetic resources – definition and important features of germplasm – kinds of germplasm – classification of gene pool– types of seed collections – germplasm activities – exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm– germplasm conservation – in -situ conservation – ex-situ conservation – evaluation – documentation – distribution and utilization

12.Ideotype breeding – main features of ideotype breeding – features of ideotypes of wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton – factors affecting ideotypes – steps in ideotype breeding – achievements

13.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – introduction – variability in fungal pathogens – hybridization, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, mutation and cytoplasmic adaptation – disease resistance – mechanisms of disease resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) – causes of disease resistance – genetic basis of disease resistance – sources of disease resistance – breeding methods for disease resistance – achievements

14.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – insect resistance – mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements

15.Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses – drought resistance – mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance, and resistance) – features associated with drought resistance – sources of drought resistance – breeding methods for drought resistance – limitations – achievements; breeding for resistance to water logging – effects of water logging mechanism of tolerance

16.Breeding for abiotic stresses – breeding for salt tolerance – response of plants to salinity – symptoms – mechanisms of salt tolerance – breeding methods for salt tolerance – problems – achievements; Cold tolerance – chilling resistance – effects of chilling stress on plants – mechanism of chilling tolerance – sources of chilling tolerance – selection criteria – freezing resistance – effects of freezing – mechanism of freezing resistance – genetic resources for freezing tolerance – selection criteria – problems in breeding for freezing tolerance. Hybrid seed production in different types of crops.

 

Practical

1. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sugarcane

2. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Wheat

3. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sunflower

4. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Rapeseed and Mustard

5. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Barley

6. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Berseem

7. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Oat

8. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Chickpea and Lentil

9. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Field pea and Cowpea

10. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Potato

11. Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods

12. Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops

13. Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability

14. Layout of field experiments

15. Study of quality characters and study of donor parents for different characters.

16. Visit to seed production plots and Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops

 

References
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Chopra, V.L. and Paroda, R.S. 1986. Approaches for Incorporating Drought Salinity Resistance in Crop Plants. Oxford and IBH, Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Kalloo, G. 1994. Vegetable Breeding. Panima Educational Book Agency, New Delh i.
Kumar, N. 2006. Breeding of Horticultural Crops – Principles and Practices. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Phundan Singh, 1996. Essentials of Plant Breeding . Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakur, D. 1995. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Sharma, J.R. 1994. Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw Hill, Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, B.D. 1983. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Session plan 

Session 1

1.Introduction – definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding – history and development of plant breeding –contributions of eminent scientist – important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crop

Lecture No. 1

Lecture No 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ATRfaiaOLg&t=670s

Session 2

2.Sugar crop – sugarcane – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms –breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 2

Lecture No 2

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqkOxvsZqEs

Session 3

3.Cereals – wheat – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 3

Lecture No 3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3JKjRd2acE

Session 4

4.Pulses –Bengal gram– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 4

Lecture No 4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTgDUcLGc_o

Session 5

5.Oilseeds-Sunflower, mustard – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 5.

Lecture No.5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5T481baVno

Session 6

6.Millets – Barley – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No 6

Lecture No. 6

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ_-0ALP1ig

Session 7

7.Fodder crop – Berseem – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.

Lecture No. 7

Lecture No 7

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyWR-MNK26k

Session 8

8.Narcotic Crop- Tobacco- origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 8

Lecture No 8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC-qgs87Xjk

Session 9

9.Vegetable – okra– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No 9

Lecture No 9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAj3QfG8HSU

Session 10

10.Fruit crops – guava and banana – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties

Lecture No. 10

Lecture-No.-10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kmXOxuhGEw

Session 11

11.Plant genetic resources – definition and important features of germplasm – kinds of germplasm – classification of gene pool– types of seed collections – germplasm activities – exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm– germplasm conservation – in -situ conservation – ex-situ conservation – evaluation – documentation – distribution and utilization

Lecture-No.-11

Lecture-No.-11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oya5CLG78LE

Session 12

12.Ideotype breeding – main features of ideotype breeding – features of ideotypes of wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton – factors affecting ideotypes – steps in ideotype breeding – achievements

Lecture No. 12

Lecture-No.-12

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5R9CoeNH0YA&t=292s

Session 13

13.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – introduction – variability in fungal pathogens – hybridization, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, mutation and cytoplasmic adaptation – disease resistance – mechanisms of disease resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) – causes of disease resistance – genetic basis of disease resistance – sources of disease resistance – breeding methods for disease resistance – achievements

Lecture No. 13.

Lecture-No.-13

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLKwL2ajlLQ

Session 14

14.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – insect resistance – mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements

Lecture No. 14

Lecture-No.-14

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H2DB5YHsFI

Session 15

15.Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses – drought resistance – mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance, and resistance) – features associated with drought resistance – sources of drought resistance – breeding methods for drought resistance – limitations – achievements; breeding for resistance to water logging – effects of water logging mechanism of tolerance

Lecture No. 15

Lecture-No.-15

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1dSvvDQzvs

Session 16

16.Breeding for abiotic stresses – breeding for salt tolerance – response of plants to salinity – symptoms – mechanisms of salt tolerance – breeding methods for salt tolerance – problems – achievements; Cold tolerance – chilling resistance – effects of chilling stress on plants – mechanism of chilling tolerance – sources of chilling tolerance – selection criteria – freezing resistance – effects of freezing – mechanism of freezing resistance – genetic resources for freezing tolerance – selection criteria – problems in breeding for freezing tolerance

Lecture-No.16

Lecture-No.-16

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1dSvvDQzvs

Practicals

1. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sugarcane

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqkOxvsZqEs

2. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Wheat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3JKjRd2acE

3. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sunflower

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5T481baVno

4. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Rapeseed and Mustard

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZASuEkMTsVo

5. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Barley

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ_-0ALP1ig&t=30s

6. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Berseem

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JlJvE_bW-k

8. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Oat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUe7N78WYzQ

9. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Chickpea and Lentil

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/2Mut-a5I14Y

10. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Field pea and Cowpea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzly_4y9A6w

11. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Potato

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQddcAiGBhE

12. Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Elj64Sw2_zs&t=1s

13. Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kqbj7MFp2GM&t=1s

14. Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04rTPIF-2fo&t=103s

15. Layout of field experiments

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izkbwuRQvEA&t=4s

16. Study of quality characters and study of donor parents for different characters

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2u8R15amCA

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Swapnil

Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
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