FORENSIC BIOLOGY, SEROLOGY AND DNA FINGERPRINTING – CUTM2316
Teacher
Dr. Naga Jogayya K
Category
Core Courses
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COURSE OBJECTIVES:
- To Learn about Different body fluids, their detection and forensic significance.
- To Learn about the differences between human and animal hair.
- To Learn about the forensic microbiology and Microbial forensics.
- The study basics of immunology and overview of genetic inheritance.
- To Learn about DNA fingerprinting and its application in forensics
Course Outcome:
After successful completion of the course, the students will be able to :
- Distinguish between hair samples from different sources and also understand the significance of biological evidences.
- Identify and analyse different body fluids found in a crime scene.
- Demonstrate the significance of microbes in forensic sciences, and overview of immunology.
- Gain skills in DNA extraction and understand the significance of DNA Profiling in Forensic Sciences
SYLLABUS
Unit I: Biological Evidence
Nature and importance of biological evidence. Significance of hair evidence. Transfer, persistence and recovery of hair evidence. Structure of human hair. Comparison of hair samples. Morphology and Biochemistry of human hair. Comparison of human and animal hair. Diatoms and their forensic significance. Palynology and limnology.
Unit II: Forensic Microbiology
Introduction of Microbiology, Types of microbes, Microbial organisms of forensic significance. Role Microbial DNA in Crime Scene Investigation, Biological warfare Agents, Microbial Bioterrorism.
Unit III: Introduction to Serology
Overview of basic Immunology, Cellular antigens, Antibodies. Blood and its components, Body Fluids, Types of Body fluids, Composition, Functions and Circulation of Body Fluids. Collection and preservation of body fluids.
Unit IV: Forensic Examination of Body fluids
Determination of blood groups. Antigens and antibodies. Forensic characterization of bloodstains. Typing of dried stains. Morphology of spermatozoa. Tests for identification of semen, saliva, sweat, urine, vaginal secretions, faecal matter. Individualization on the basis of semen examination. Forensic significance of body fluids.
Unit V: Blood stain pattern and Genetic marker analysis
Fundamentals of Bloodstain characteristics. Impact bloodstain patterns. Cast-off bloodstain patterns. Projected bloodstain patterns. Contact bloodstain patterns. Blood trails. Bloodstain drying times. Crime scene reconstruction with the aid of bloodstain pattern analysis.
Unit VI: Basics of DNA & DNA Fingerprinting
Structure of DNA and RNA, Overview of DNA replication, transcription and translation. History of DNA fingerprinting. Introduction to mitochondrial DNA and its forensic importance. Procedure for collection and preservation of biological sample for DNA analysis.
Unit VII: DNA Typing & Forensic Significance
Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction and its applications. Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis - STR, VNTR, SNP.
Techniques of DNA isolation and its quantitation. Introduction to RFLP.
Overview of modern trends in DNA Fingerprinting. Sexual assault investigations and Parentage Testing.
Session 1:
Nature and importance of biological evidence. Significance of hair evidence
Transfer, persistence and recovery of hair evidence
http://what-when-how.com/forensic-sciences/hair-transfer-persistence-and-recovery/
Session 3:
Comparison of hair samples
Comparison of human and animal hair
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-human-and-vs-animal-hair/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36643134/
Session 5:
Diatoms and their forensic significance
https://www.slideshare.net/AnikeshBanik1/diatoms-in-forensic-science
Session 16:
Overview of basic Immunology
https://sist.sathyabama.ac.in/sist_coursematerial/uploads/SBMA1302.pdf
Session 24:
Collection and preservation of body fluids.
Session 27:
Forensic characterization of bloodstains
https://www.forensicsciencesimplified.org/blood/principles.html
Session 28:
Typing of dried stains
Session 29:
Morphology of spermatozoa
https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/morphology-of-sperm
Session 30
Tests for identification of semen, saliva, sweat, urine, vaginal secretions, faecal matter
Session 31
Individualization on the basis of semen examination.
Forensic significance of body fluids.
Session 32
Fundamentals of Bloodstain characteristics
Session 33
Impact bloodstain patterns
Session 34
Cast-off bloodstain patterns
Session 35
Projected bloodstain patterns
Session 36
Contact bloodstain patterns
Session 37
Blood trails
Session 38
Bloodstain drying times
Session 39
Crime scene reconstruction with the aid of bloodstain pattern analysis
Session 40
Structure of DNA and RNA
Session 41
Overview of DNA replication, transcription and translation
Session 42
History of DNA fingerprinting
Session 43
Introduction to mitochondrial DNA and its forensic importance
Session 44
Procedure for collection and preservation of biological sample for DNA analysis
Session 45
Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction and its applications
Session 46
Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis - STR, VNTR, SNP.
Session 47
Techniques of DNA isolation and its quantitation
Session 48
Introduction to RFLP
Session 49
Overview of modern trends in DNA Fingerprinting
Session 50
Sexual assault investigations and Parentage Testing.
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