Dairy Process Engineering
Teacher
Dr. Vivek Kumar
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Dairy Process Engineering
Code(Credit) : CUTM1152(2-0-1)
Course Objectives
- Imparting knowledge about different unit operation in Dairy industry eg. Evaporation, drying, fluidization, process equipments and membrane separation.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will learn about milk evaporation, drying, spray dryer, drum dryers, fluidization.
- Students will also learn about processing equipment like butter making machines, ghee making machines, cheese making machines.
Course Syllabus
Module 1
Evaporation: Basic principles of evaporators, construction and operation, Different types of evaporators used in dairy industry, Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers, Basic concepts of multiple effect evaporators, Operations and various feeding systems, Economy of operation, Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators.
Project
- Design problems on double effect evaporator and vacuum pan.
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of multiple effect evaporator.
Module 2
Drying: Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture, Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage, Classification of dryers-spray and drum dryers, spray drying, etc., air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems. Factors affecting bulk density of power, spray dryer controls, Theory of solid gas separation, cyclone separators, Bag Filters, Care and Maintenance of drum and spray dryers.
Project
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of spray drier.
Module 3
Fluidization: Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems, Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed, Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers. Processing equipments: Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products, Butter making machines.
Practical
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of butter making equipment.
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of equipment related to ghee production.
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of ice-cream making equipment.
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of cheese making equipment.
Module 4
Packaging equipments: Packaging machines for milk & milk products. Membrane Processing: Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis, Materials for membrane construction, Ultra filtration of milk, Effect of milk constituents on operation, membranes for electro-dialysis.
Project
- Constructional details, operation and maintenance of reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration system.
- Visit to a milk product plant.
Suggested Readings
- Ahmed, T. 1985. Dairy Plant System Engineering. Kitab Mahal, K.L. Agencies Pvt. ltd., New Delhi.
2.Ahmed, T. 1990. Dairy Plant System Engineering and Management. Kitab Mahal, K.L. Agencies Pvt. ltd., New Delhi.
3.Anantakrishnan, C.P. and Simha, N. N. 1987. Technology and Engineering of Dairy Plant Operations. Laxmi Publ., Delhi.
4.Brennan. 1969. Food Engineering Operations. Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, New York.
5.Farrall, A. W. 1963. Engineering for Dairy and Food Products. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
6.Gardner, A. W. 1971. Industrial drying. Leonard Hill Publ., London.
7.Kesseler. 1981. Food Engineering and Dairy Technology. V. A. Kessler Publ., Freising, Germany.
Session Plan
Session 1
Evaporation: Basic principles of evaporators, construction and operation
Study Material: 1 Evaporation Basic principles of evaporators, construction and operation
Session 2
Different types of evaporators used in dairy industry
Session 3
Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers,
3 Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers
Session 4
Basic concepts of multiple effect evaporators
Session 5
Operations and various feeding systems, Economy of operation
5 Operations and various feeding systems, Economy of operation
Video Link: Economy and efficiency of Multiple effect evaporators
Session 6
Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators.
6 Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators
Session 7
Project 1: Design problems on double effect evaporator and vacuum pan.
Session 8
Project 2: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of multiple effect evaporator.
Session 9
Drying: Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture.
Session 10
Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage.
10 Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage
Session 11
Classification of dryers-spray and drum dryers.
11 Classification of Dryers, Spray dryers, Drum dryers and problems on Dryers
Session 12
Spray drying: air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems.
12 Spray drying air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems.
Session 13
Factors affecting bulk density of powder, spray dryer controls.
13 Factors affecting bulk density of powder, spray dryer controls.
Session 14
Theory of solid gas separation, cyclone separators, Bag Filters
14 Theory of solid gas separation, cyclone separators, Bag Filters
Session 15
Care and Maintenance of drum and spray dryers.
Session 16
Project 3: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of spray drier.
Session 17
Fluidization: Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems.
17 Fluidization Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems
Session 18
Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed
18 Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed
Session 19
Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers.
19 Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers.
Session 20
Processing equipments: Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products, Ice-cream and Cheese making equipments.
Session 21
Project 4: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of butter making equipment.
Session 22
Project 5: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of equipment related to ghee production.
Session 23
Project 6: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of ice-cream making equipment.
Session 24
Project 7: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of cheese making equipment.
Session 25
Membrane Processing: Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis.
25 Membrane Processing Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis
Session 27
Effect of milk constituents on operation, membranes for electro-dialysis.
27 Effect of milk constituents on operationof membrane process
Session 28
Project 8: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration system.
Session 29
Project 9: Visit to a milk product plant.
Case Studies
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Vivek Kumar is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi Campus, Odisha. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from IIT Kharagpur in the field of Food Process Engineering. He has more than 10 years of research/teaching experience and […]