Dairy Process Engineering

Teacher

Dr. Vivek Kumar

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Dairy Process Engineering

Code(Credit) : CUTM1152(2-0-1)

Course Objectives

  • Imparting knowledge about different unit operation in Dairy industry eg. Evaporation, drying, fluidization, process equipments and membrane separation.

Learning Outcomes

  • Students will learn about milk evaporation, drying, spray dryer, drum dryers, fluidization.
  • Students will also learn about processing equipment like butter making machines, ghee making machines, cheese making machines.

Course Syllabus

Module 1

Evaporation: Basic principles of evaporators, construction and operation, Different types of evaporators used in dairy industry, Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers, Basic concepts of multiple effect evaporators, Operations and various feeding systems, Economy of operation, Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators.

Project

  • Design problems on double effect evaporator and vacuum pan.
  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of multiple effect evaporator.

 

Module 2

Drying: Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture, Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage, Classification of dryers-spray and drum dryers, spray drying, etc., air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems. Factors affecting bulk density of power, spray dryer controls, Theory of solid gas separation, cyclone separators, Bag Filters, Care and Maintenance of drum and spray dryers.

Project

  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of spray drier.

 

Module 3

Fluidization: Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems, Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed, Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers. Processing equipments: Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products, Butter making machines.

Practical

  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of butter making equipment.
  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of equipment related to ghee production.
  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of ice-cream making equipment.
  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of cheese making equipment.

 

Module 4

Packaging equipments: Packaging machines for milk & milk products. Membrane Processing: Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis, Materials for membrane construction, Ultra filtration of milk, Effect of milk constituents on operation, membranes for electro-dialysis.

Project

  • Constructional details, operation and maintenance of reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration system.
  • Visit to a milk product plant.

 

Suggested Readings

  1. Ahmed, T. 1985. Dairy Plant System Engineering. Kitab Mahal, K.L. Agencies Pvt. ltd., New Delhi.

2.Ahmed, T. 1990. Dairy Plant System Engineering and Management. Kitab Mahal, K.L. Agencies Pvt. ltd., New Delhi.

3.Anantakrishnan, C.P. and Simha, N. N. 1987. Technology and Engineering of Dairy Plant Operations. Laxmi Publ., Delhi.

4.Brennan. 1969. Food Engineering Operations. Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, New York.

5.Farrall, A. W. 1963. Engineering for Dairy and Food Products. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

6.Gardner, A. W. 1971. Industrial drying. Leonard Hill Publ., London.

7.Kesseler. 1981. Food Engineering and Dairy Technology. V. A. Kessler Publ., Freising, Germany.

Session Plan

Session 1

Session 2

Different types of evaporators used in dairy industry

2 Different types of evaporators used in Dairy Industry

Video Link: MVR evaporators

Session 3

Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers,

3 Calculation of heat transfer area and water requirement of condensers

Session 4

Session 6

Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators.

6 Thermo processor and MVR system, Care and maintenance of evaporators

Video Link:

Session 7

Project 1: Design problems on double effect evaporator and vacuum pan.

Session 8

Project 2: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of multiple effect evaporator.

Session 9

Drying: Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture.

9 Drying Introduction to principle of drying, Equilibrium moisture constant, bound and unbound moisture.

Video Link: Food Dehydration systems

Session 10

Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage.

10 Rate of drying- constant and falling rate, Effect of Shrinkage

Video Link: Drying rate curves

Session 12

Spray drying: air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems.

12 Spray drying air heating systems, Atomization and feeding systems.

Video Link: Spray drying

Session 13

Factors affecting bulk density of powder, spray dryer controls.

13 Factors affecting bulk density of powder, spray dryer controls.

Session 14

Session 15

Care and Maintenance of drum and spray dryers.

15 Care and maintenace of Spray and Drum dyers

Session 16

Project 3: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of spray drier.

Session 17

Fluidization: Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems.

17 Fluidization Mechanisms of fluidization characteristics of gas-fluidization systems

Video Link: Fluidized bed drying

Session 18

Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed

18 Minimum Porosity, Bed Weight, Pressure drop in fluidized bed

Session 19

Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers.

19 Application of fluidization in drying, Batch fluidization, Fluidized bed dryers.

Video Link: Application of FBD

Session 20

Processing equipments: Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products, Ice-cream and Cheese making equipments.

20 Processing equipments Mechanization and equipment used in manufacture of indigenous dairy products

Video Link: Mini Dairy Plant

Session 21

Project 4: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of butter making equipment.

Session 22

Project 5: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of equipment related to ghee production.

Session 23

Project 6: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of ice-cream making equipment.

Session 24

Project 7: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of cheese making equipment.

Session 25

Membrane Processing: Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis.

25 Membrane Processing Ultra filtration, Reverse Osmosis and electro dialysis

Video Link: Membrane separation technology

Session 27

Effect of milk constituents on operation, membranes for electro-dialysis.

27 Effect of milk constituents on operationof membrane process

Session 28

Project 8: Constructional details, operation and maintenance of reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration system.

Session 29

Project 9: Visit to a milk product plant.

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Vivek Kumar

Assistant Professor
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Dr. Vivek Kumar is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi Campus, Odisha. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from IIT Kharagpur in the field of Food Process Engineering. He has more than 10 years of research/teaching experience and […]