Developmental Biology and Phytotomy
Teacher
Dr. Sagarika Parida
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Developmental Biology and Phytotomy
Code(Credit): CUTM1430(3-1-0)
Course Objectives
• The relationship between the internal structure, function, taxonomy, physiology, ecology and developmental genetics of the organism.
• Evolutionary history and taxonomic variation of vascular plant anatomy.
• They will understand the morphology and development of reproductive parts.
Course Outcomes
|
COs |
Course Outcome |
Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
|
CO1 |
Acquire an insight in to the internal structure, tissues involved in developmental stages of plants, molecular mechanisms of fruit and seed development |
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-2 |
CO2 |
Gain the ability to conduct research and provide solutions to public issues related to agriculture |
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO4-2 |
CO3 |
Able to know different types cells in plant growth and metabolism and can pursue higher studies and research |
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO4-3, PO7-3 |
CO4 |
Help in developing analytical skill for cyto-taxonomical identification of plants and thereby get employment opportunity |
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-2,PO5-3 |
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Introduction and importance of Plant Anatomy: Importance in plant development, taxonomy and identification, ecology and pharmacognosy
Tissues: Simple tissues, complex tissues and their function; Differentiation of vascular tissues: Secondary xylem, secondary phloem in angiosperms and gymnosperms (conifers), structure and functions, , induction of vascular tissues by leaves and by auxins; role of roots and cytokinin in vascular differentiation; Meristematic tissue: Structure, classification, distribution and function
Practice:
1.Study of anatomical details through permanent slides preparation
Module-II
Secondary growth: Secondary growth in stem and root; Anomalous secondary growth in dicot and monocot stems; Cambial types: Vascular cambium and phellegen, structure and functions, cambial activity in grafting and wound healing
Practice:
2. T.S of plants showing secondary growth
3. T.S of plants showing anomalous secondary growth
Module-III
Wood Structure and anatomy: Macro and micro structure and composition, chemical composition and properties of wood, bark and bark products; Wood parenchyma: apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma; Hard wood anatomy, organisation of wood, sap wood, heard wood; Axial Parenchyma Fibres and Ray parenchyma and their value in wood identification'; Nodal anatomy .
Practice:
4. Wood Sample Preparation for Microscopic Analysis
Module-IV
Shoot development: Shoot systems and its derivatives, Theories of organization of meristem in stem
Root development: Root systems and its derivatives, Theories of organization of meristem in root, Quiscent center, Coordination of shoot and root development; Root-shoot transition, Ontogeny and phylogeny of vessels
Leaf Development: Ontogeny of dorsiventral leaf, arrangement of leaves (Phyllotaxy)
Module-V
Modes of Flower Development: Meristem tissue in Flower Development, Genetic Control of Flower Development.
Anther: Anther wall, endothecium, middle layer, tapetum, Tapetum-Structure, types and function ,
Microsporogenesis : Pollen tetrad development, and Pollen wall proteins, Pollen viability and Storage , Male gametophyte development, Differential behaviour of sperms.
Module-VI
Megasporogensis: Female gametophyte development, Organization of the embryo sac,and different types of it . Pollination-pollination mechanism, biotic and abiotic pollination and floral attractants
Pollen-pistil interaction: The stigma-Types and structure, stigmatic exudates, style transmitting tissue, canal cell. Post pollination events stigma receptivity (recognition and rejection reaction) pollen adhesion, pollen hydration, pollen germination and pollen tube growth and guide, sexual incompatibility (both homorphic and hetermorphic), Double fertilization and In vitro fertilization,
Practice:
5. Pollen Viability
6. T.S of ovary of flower showing placentation
Module-VII
Methods of In Vitro Fertilization: Anther culture, Intra-ovarian pollination, Gynogenesis.
Endosperm development and differentiation: Types of endosperms, ruminate endospermEmbryogenesis: Embryo development in Dicot and monocot, Polyembryony; Apomixes, agamospermy and parthenocarpy
Fruit Biology: Development and Diversity of Fruit , Dispersal.
Text Books:
1. Pandey S N, Ajanta Chadha (2009)Plant Anatomy and Embryology , Vikas Publishing House
2. Raghavan, V. (1999).Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York
3. Bhojwani, S. S., Bhatnagar, S. P. and Dantu, P.K. (2014).The Embryology of Angiosperms.Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Eames .A.J. and Macdaniels,L.H,1947, An Introduction to Plant Anatomy, McGrow- Hill,N.Y and London.
2. Easu,K,1965 Plant Anatomy.Wiley N.W
Session Plan
Session 1
Introduction and scope of Plant Anatomy:Importance in plant development, taxonomy and identification, ecology and pharmacognosy
Session 2
Tissues: Simple tissues, complex tissues and their function
Session 3
Meristematic tissue: Structure, classification, distribution and function
Session 4
Complex tissue: Secondary xylem, secondary phloem in angiosperms and gymnosperms (conifers), structure and functions
Phloem Structure and Function-Youtube
Session 5
Practice 1 (2hours)
Study of anatomical details through permanent slides preparation
Session 6
Secondary growth: Secondary growth in stem and root
Session 7
Anomalous secondary growth: Anomalous secondary growth in dicot and monocot stems
Session 8
Cambium: Types, structure and functions
Session 9
Vascular cambium: Origin and activity
Session 10
Practice 2 (2 hours)
T.S of plants showing secondary growth
Session 11
Practice 3 (2 hours)
T.S of plants showing anomalous secondary growth
Session 12
Wood Structure and anatomy: Macro and micro structure and composition, chemical composition and properties of wood, bark
Session 13
Wood parenchyma:Axial Parenchyma Fibres and Ray parenchyma and their value in wood identification, Apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma; Hard wood anatomy
Session 14
Organisation of wood: Sap wood, heart wood, soft wood and hard wood
Session 15
Session 16
Practice 4 (2 hours)
Wood Sample Preparation for Microscopic Analysis
Session 17
Shoot development: Shoot systems and its derivatives
Session 18
Session 19
Root development: Root systems and its derivatives
Session 20
Organization of meristem in root: Quiscent center, Coordination of shoot and root development
Session 21
Root-shoot transition, Ontogeny and phylogeny of vessels
Session 22
Leaf Development: Ontogeny of dorsiventral leaf, arrangement of leaves (Phyllotaxy)
Session 23
Modes of Flower Development: Meristem tissue in Flower Development, Genetic Control of Flower Development
Flower Development Genes in Arabidopsis-Youtube
BC model for flower development-Arabidopsis thaliana-Youtube
Session 24
Anther: Anther wall, endothecium, middle layer, tapetum, Tapetum-Structure, types and function
Structure of Microsporangia and TS of a Mature Anther-Youtube
Structure of Anther-Slideshare
Session 25
Microsporogenesis: Pollen tetrad development, and Pollen wall proteins, Pollen viability and Storage
Session 26
Male gametophyte: Development of male gametophyte , Differential behaviour of sperms, Male sterilty and self incompatibilty in crop plants
Male sterility and self incompatibility in crop plants-Slideshare
Session 27
Megasporogensis: Female gametophyte development, Organization of the embryo sac,and different types of it
Session 28
Pollination: Pollination mechanism, biotic and abiotic pollination and floral attractants
Pollen-pistil interaction:The stigma-Types and structure, stigmatic exudates, style transmitting tissue, canal cell
Session 29
Post pollination events: stigma receptivity (recognition and rejection reaction), pollen adhesion, pollen hydration, pollen germination and pollen tube growth
Session 30
Sexual incompatibility and Fertilisation: Homomorphic and hetermorphic sexual incompatibility; Double fertilization
Sexual Incompatibility-Slideshare
Session 31
Practice 5 (2 hours)
Pollen Viability
Session 32
Practice 6 (2 hours)
T.S of ovary of flower showing placentation
Session 33
In Vitro Fertilization: Anther culture, Intra-ovarian pollination, Gynogenesis.
Session 34
Post fertilisation events: Endosperm development and differentiation, Types of endosperms, ruminate endosperm
Post-Fertilisation Events and Formation of Endosperm-Youtube
Session 35
Embryogenesis: Embryo development in Dicot and monocot, Polyembryony; Apomixes, agamospermy and parthenocarpy
Genetic control of identity, growth and shape in the arabidopsis embryo-Youtube
Session 36
Fruit Biology: Parthenocarpy; Development and Diversity of Fruit
Parthenocarpy types, mechanism and breeding in vegetable development-Slideshare
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Sagarika Parida has completed her research fellowship from NRRI, ICAR, Cuttack and has been awarded the Ph. D. degree in Botany from Utkal University. She has worked as Post Doctoral Fellow in IMMT, CSIR, Bhubaneswar. The focus of her research work has been on microbiology, integrated pest and disease management and herbal drug standardization […]