Electrical Machines Operation And Control
Teacher
Rama Prasanna Dalai
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Electrical Machines Operation and Control
Code(Credit) : CUTM1054(3-1-0)
Course Objectives
- To introduce the students about principles of electromagnetism applied to alternating machines.
- To familiarise the students about the fundamental laws that governs the operation of machines and to extend its application to synchronous generator and motors.
- To introduce the students about the constraints associated with starting of Induction motors.
- Develop selection skill to identify the type of generators or motors required for particular application.
Course Outcomes
On completing this course, students will be able to:
- They will get knowledge about different electrical machines(both AC & DC) and their applications.
- Able to analyze about the principle of operation of different electrical machine and their controlling mechanism
- Able to solve the problem related to DC & AC Generators, Motors and Transformers .
CO-PO Mapping
COs |
Course outcomes |
Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
CO1 |
They will get knowledge about different electrical machines(both AC & DC) and their applications. |
PO1(3), PO4(2) |
CO2 |
Able to analyze about the principle of operation of different electrical machine and their controlling mechanism |
PO2(3) |
CO3 |
Able to solve the problem related to DC & AC Generators, Motors and Transformers . |
PO2(3), PO5(2) |
Course Syllabus
Module-I: D.C. Machines (6 Hrs)
Theory
Construction, Classification and Principle of operation of DC machines.
Theory & testing:-EMF equation of DC generator, DC Motor Characteristics, Speed Equation of DC Motor. Characteristic for Speed Armature Current, Torque Armature Current and Speed Torque of (i) Separately Excited DC Motor, (ii) DC Shunt Motor, (iii) DC Series Motor, and (iv) DC Compound Motor, Comparison between Different types of DC Motors
Application- DC Generator, DC Motor-Types
Practice:
1) Determination of OCC (Open Circuit Characteristics) of D.C Shunt Generator.
2) Starting & Speed Control of D.C Shunt motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method.
3) Starting & Speed Control of D.C Series motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method.
MODULE II: Stepper Motors (Precision Machines) (6 Hrs)
Theory
Stepper motor drive, basic principles involved in stepper motor control, stepper motor specification, operation and commercial driver chips and packages, Brushless DC Motors, Reluctance Motor, Hysteresis Motor
Application in Medical, Automobile, Civil, Electrical etc
Practice:
4) Motor Voltage and Current Measurement.
5) ON-Load Tap changer
Module-III: Induction Motors (8 Hrs)
Theory
Principles of operation of induction motors, both single and 3-phase types. Torque-speed curves, Different types of single phase motors
Three Phase Induction Motor
Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram, No-Load and Blocked Rotor tests, Determination of Parameters, Slip-Torque Characteristics Losses and Efficiency, Effect of rotor resistance, Starting and speed control methods, Cogging, Crawling and Electrical Braking of Induction Motors.
Applications of three & single phase motors which will assist in picking the right one for an application.
Practice:
5) Determination of parameter of a single phase induction motor and study of (a) Capacitor start induction motor (b) Capacitor start and capacitor run induction motor
6) Determination of Efficiency, Plotting of Torque-Slip Characteristics of Three Phase Induction motor by Brake Test.
7) Load test of a 3 phase slip ring induction motor.
Module-IV: Three Phase Synchronous Generators (7 Hrs)
Theory
Construction, Principle, Coil Pitch, Distributed Windings in A.C. Machines, The Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Generator (Armature Reaction Reactance, Synchronous Reactance and Impedance). The Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator, Power and Torque in Synchronous Generators (Power Angle Equation and Power Angle Characteristic)
Practice:
8) Plotting the open circuit and short circuit characteristics of alternator.
9) Calculating the voltage regulation by synchronous impedance method.
10) Calculating the voltage regulation by zero power factor method.
Module-V: Parallel Operation Of Three Phase AC Synchronous Generators (6 Hrs)
Theory
Synchronous condenser, Hunting, Paralleling-Conditions, Procedure, Operation of Generators in Parallel with Infinite bus bar, Effect of excitation, effect of unequal voltage and steam power supply.
Practice:
11) Connection & verifying the conditions of parallel operation of alternators.
12) Verification of direct axis reactance, quadrature axis reactance
13) Load Sharing during parallel operation using Dymola.
Module-VI: Three Phase Synchronous Motors (6 Hrs)
Theory
Basic Principles of Motor operation, Construction, Starting Synchronous Motors, Synchronous Motor Ratings, Equivalent circuit & phasor diagram, Effect of excitation on varying load, power developed in a synchronous motor.
Applications of synchronous motors
Practice:
14) Study of universal motor and shaded pole motor.
15) Use of synchronous motor as a synchronous condenser for p.f improvement.
Module-VII: Single-Phase Transformers (9 Hrs):
Theory
Construction and principle of operation, EMF Equation, Transformation ratio, Practical and Ideal transformers
Three Phase Transformers: Three-phase transformer connections- Star-star, Two Single-Phase Transformers connected in Open Delta (V-Connection) and their rating, Delta-star, Zig-zag connections. Scott connection, Open delta connection. Auto Transformers, Welding Transformer.
Application of Single & Three Phase transformer
Practice:
16) Prescribed tests of single phase and three phase Transformer.
17) Load balancing in a three phase distribution Transformer.
18) Simulation of open delta condition of Transformer.
TEXT BOOK:
- Electrical Machines – D P Kothari and I J Nagrath, Fourth Edition – Tata McGraw Hill.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
- Electrical Machinery – P S Bimbhra – Khanna Publishers.
- Electrical Machines - P. K. Mukherjee, S. Chakravarti, Dhanpat Rai & Sons
Session Plan
Session 1
Construction of DC Generator and DC Motor,Classification and Principle of operation of DC machines,Theory & Testing:-EMF equation of DC generator,Speed Equation of DC Motor,Characteristic for Speed Armature Current, Torque Armature Current
Notes: dc machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=gW45N2WpD64
Session 2
Comparison between Different types of DC Motors and their Application,Speed Torque of (i) Separately Excited DC Motor, (ii) DC Shunt Motor,(iii) DC Series Motor, and (iv) DC Compound Motor, Application of DC Generator & Motors type
Notes: Session 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlHMQiXJ1Ug&t=5s
Session 3
Determination of OCC (Open Circuit Characteristics) of DC Shunt generator
Notes: Session 3
Session 4
Starting & Speed Control of D.C Series motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method
Notes: Session 4
Session 5
Starting & Speed Control of D.C Shunt motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method
Notes: Session 5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rae9NeLvsM
Session 6
Stepper Motors-Precision Machines-Basic principle involved in Stepper motor control,Operation and commercial driver chips and packages
Notes: Session 6
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWMai3oirnM
Session 7
BLDC Motors-Construction,Working Principle, Application
Notes: Session 7
Session 8
Reluctance & Hysteresis Motors-Construction,Working Principle, Application.
Notes: Session 8
Session 10
Motor voltage and current measurement.
Notes: Session 10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDS3gntgBXA
Session 12
Principle of Operation of Single phase AC motors, Both Single Phase and Three Phase AC motors.
Notes: Session 12
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awrUxv7B-a8
Session 14
Application of Single phase motors, which will assist in picking the right one for the application.
Notes: Session 14
Session 15
Three PHASE Induction Motors-principle,Starting of squirrel cage and slip ring rotor type induction machine,Losses and efficiency of three phase induction machine.
Notes: Session 15
Session 16
Speed Control of Induction Motors, Cogging, Crawling and Electrical braking of induction motors.
Session 17
Determination of parameter of a single phase induction motor and study of
(a) Capacitor start induction motor
(b) Capacitor start and capacitor run induction motor
Notes: Session 17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyXR3IRAS1I
Session 18
Determination of efficiency, plotting of torque slip characteristics of three phase induction motor by brake test.
Notes: Session 18
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBzVMuV6Lyg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-RBM0txOdc
Session 20
Three Phase Synchronous Generator: Constructional Features of Squirrel Cage Rotor type.
Notes: Session 20
Alternators NOtes- A book section by BL therajahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5wJTlOplhE
Session 22
Principle of Operation, Salient and Non-salient type.
Session 23
Power angle equation,characteristic, of salient and non-salient type.
Session 24
Plotting OCC and SCC of alternator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtMBtrsfoRk
Session 25
Calculating the voltage regulation from synchronous impedance method.
Notes: VR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crzw9eNjguI
Session 26
Calculating the voltage regulation from zero power factor method,POTIER Reactance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZENt5CingU
Session 27
Synchronous condenser, Hunting,Conditions of parallel operation, Procedure for paralleling alternators
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NnxdPKWsIg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqdP1SIN2ZA
Session 28
Effect of excitation, unequal voltages and steam power supply.
Session 29
Connection and verification parallel operation of alternators,Verification of direct axis reactance, quadrature axis reactance.
Notes:
Session 30
Load Sharing during parallel operation using Dymola.
Session 31
Three Phase Synchronous Motors: Basic Principles of Motor operation, Construction, Starting Synchronous Motors, Synchronous Motor Ratings.
Notes: synchronous_motor
Session 34
Power developed in a synchronous motor, Applications of synchronous motors.
Session 35
Study of universal motor and shaded pole motor.
Session 36
Use of synchronous motor as a synchronous condenser for p.f improvement.
Session 37
Single-Phase Transformers: Construction and principle of operation, EMF Equation, Transformation ratio, Practical and Ideal transformers
Notes: Transformer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx4_7lIjoBA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXLA5sdT9Cs
Session 38
Three Phase Transformers: Three-phase transformer connections- Star-star
Session 39
Two Single-Phase Transformers connected in Open Delta (V-Connection) and their rating.
Session 40
Delta-star, Zig-zag connections. Scott connection, Open delta connection.
Session 42
Application of Single & Three Phase transformer.
Session 43
Prescribed tests of single phase and three phase Transformer.
Session 44
Load balancing in a three phase distribution Transformer.
Session 45
Simulation of open delta condition of Transformer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKTFTt7Vqfc
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I have passed my M.Tech. from SoA university and continuing my Ph.D. degree from KIIT university. Now I am working as an Assistant Professor in Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar and having almost 10 years of working experiences and my Research Area includes Power Electronics & Drives and Renewable Energy System.
I have received my B. Tech in Electrical Engineering from Government College of Engineering Keonjhar, India and M. Tech in Power Electronics Control and Drives from VSSUT, Burla, India. I am pursuing my Ph.D. in the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India. His fields of interest include power electronic converters, shunt […]