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Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology

Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology

Teacher

Dr. Sagarika Swain

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Core Courses

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Course Name: Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology

Code(Credit): FSAQ2208 (2-1-0)

Course Objectives

  1. Basic concept of feed formulation and different feed processing techniques
  2. Nutritional requirements of commercially important fish and shellfish. Feeding methods and feed management.
  3. Requirement and availability of ingredients for aqua-feeds
  4. The basic principle of fish nutrition and the function of individual nutrients

Course Outcomes

CO-PO Mapping

COs Course outcomes Mapping COs with POs
CO1 Know various feedstuffs used in aquafeed and their nutrient composition.         PO1, PO-3, PO-4
CO2 Classify identified feedstuffs into different nutrient groups.         PO2, Po-3,
CO3 Know the chemical compositions of various feedstuffs and supplements.         PO3
CO4 Formulating fish feed based on nutrient requirements and available nutrient sources.         PO-3, PO-4, PO-5

PO1: Knowledge Enhancement

PO2: Professional Enhancement

PO3: Entrepreneurship Skills

PO4: Communication & Extension Skill

PO5: Team Work:

 

Programme Outcomes

PO1: Knowledge Enhancement: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, principles and theories relating to Soil Science, Agronomy, Horticulture, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Entomology and other such areas of agriculture.

PO2: Professional Enhancement: Understanding the value and processes of life-long learning and professional development.

PO3: Entrepreneurship Skills: Understanding the processes of setting up and managing viable business ventures.

PO4: Communication & Extension Skills: Developing appropriate communication skills for the effective transfer of knowledge and technologies through extension programs.

PO5: Team Work: Play effective roles in multidisciplinary teams.

PO6: Educational Leadership: Recognize and meet emerging agriculture challenges of global society in the 21st century and develop leadership and strong linkages in the agro-industrial setup.

PO7: Data Handling: Collect, analyze and interpret scientific data.

PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the scientific practice.

PO9: Computational Skills: Recognize, analyze problems and plan strategies for their solutions with the help of computer skills.

Course Syllabus

Theory
1. Fundamentals of fish nutrition and growth in fish. Principal nutrients (Protein and Amino acids)
2. Principal nutrients (Lipids and Fatty acids)
3. Principal nutrients (Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals)
4. Nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish (Proteins, Aminoacids and Lipids)
5. Nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish (Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals)
6. Nutritional energetics: definition and forms of energy partitioning.
7. Methods of feed formulation
8. Feed manufacturing process (Grinding, Mixing)
9. Feed manufacturing process (Pelleting, cooling, crumbling, screening, bagging, storage)
10. Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets.
11. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, anti-microbial agent
12. Feed additives: pigments, growth promoters, feed stimulants, anabolic agents.
13. Feed storage.
14. Feed evaluation: feed convertion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization and biological value.
15. Feeding devices and methods.
16. Non-conventional feed ingredients
17. Antinutritional factors.
18. Antinutritional factors (Cont…..)
19. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility. Factors affecting digestibility.
20. Nutritional deficiency diseases in fishes

Practical

1. Proximate analysis of feed ingredients and feeds (description of the concept)Estimation of moisture from feed samples – explanation of the procedure and set up of the experiment
2. Estimation of moisture from fish feeds – Taking reading, tabulation and calculation
3. Estimation of crude protein from fish feeds - explanation of the procedure and preparation of the chemicals, digestion
4. Estimation of crude protein from fish feeds – distillation, titration and calculation
5. Estimation of crude fat from fish feeds – explanation of the procedure,
description of apparatus, preparation of chemicals
6. Estimation of crude fat from fish feeds – Set up of the experiment, take reading, tabulation and calculation
7. Estimation of ash from fish feeds – explanation of the procedure and set up of the experiment
8. Estimation of ash from fish feeds – Taking reading, tabulation and calculation
9. Study on the various types of locally available feed ingredients
10. Preparation of artificial feeds using locally available feed ingredients -explanation of the procedure and preparation of the ingredients by drying, grinding etc.
11. Preparation of artificial feeds using locally available feed ingredients – prepare feed, dry and store
12. Determination of sinking rate and stability of feeds – Explanation of the procedure and performing the experiment
13. Water Stability of Formulated Feeds
14. Field visit

References

1. FAO., 1980. Aquaculture development and coordination programme. Fish feed technology. Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP Training Course in Fish Feed Technology, Seattle, Washington, 9 October - 15 December 1978. FAO/ADCP/REP/80/11 1980: 400 pp.

2. Mohanty, N. A., 2006. Nutrition of fin fishes and shellfishes. In: Hand book of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Ayyappan, S., Jena, J. K., Gopalakrishnan, A. and Pandey, A. K. Published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi: 488-493.

3. Rath, R. K., 2000. Nutrition requirement of finfish. In: Fresh water Aquaculture. Published by Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur: 214-224.

4. Sena S. De Silva and Trevor A. Anderson., 1995. Fish nutrition in Aquaculture. Published by Chapman and Hall, Landon, New York, Madras: 287 pp.

5. Tacon, A.G.J., 1987. The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp; a training manual. 1: The essential nutrients. AQUILA - Support to Regional Aquaculture Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. FAO/Field Document 2/E: 126 pp.

6. Tacon, A.G.J., 1988. The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. A training manual 3. Feeding methods. AQUILA - Support to Regional Aquaculture Activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. FAO R, C.P.07-1058: 216 pp.

7. Tacon, A.G.J., 1992. Nutritional fish pathology Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity in farmed fish. Series title: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper - T330: 75 pp.

Session Plan

Session 1

Theory

1. Fundamentals of fish nutrition and growth in fish. Principal nutrients (Protein and Amino acids)
Fundamentals of fish nutrition, growth in fish, Principal nutrients

Fish Nutrition

Nutrition facts of fish

Practical

Estimation of crude protein from fish feeds - explanation of the procedure and preparation of the chemicals, digestion
Experiment

Session 2

Theory

2. Principal nutrients (Lipids and Fatty acids)
Principal Nutrients (Lipids and Fatty acids)

 

Lipid Nutrition

Nutrients in aquaculture

Practical

Estimation of crude fat from fish feeds – explanation of the procedure,
description of apparatus, preparation of chemicals
Experiment

Session 3

Theory

3. Principal nutrients (Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals)
Principal Nutrients (Carbohydrates, Vitamins and Minerals

Carbohydrate Nutrition

Practical

Estimation of ash from fish feeds – explanation of the procedure and set up of the experiment
Experiment 4

Session 6

Theory

6. Nutritional energetics: definition and forms of energy partitioning.
Nutritional Energetics

Nutritional energetics

Partitioning of feed energy

Session 8

Theory

Session 9

Theory

9. Feed manufacturing process (Pelleting, cooling, crumbling, screening, bagging, storage)
Feed Manufacturing Process (Pelleting, cooling, crumbling, screening, bagging, storage )

Practical

Preparation of artificial feeds using locally available feed ingredients -explanation of the procedure and preparation of the ingredients by drying, grinding etc.
Experiment

Session 10

Theory

10. Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets
Forms of feeds

Study on the various types of locally available feed ingredients
Different types of fish feed

Different forms of aqua feed

Session 11

Theory

11. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, anti-microbial agent
Additives (Binders, antioxidants, antimicrobial agents)

Practical

Determination of sinking rate of feeds – Explanation of the procedure and performing the experiment
Experiment

Water Stability of Formulated Feeds

Experiment

Use of fish additives for fish health

Session 12

Theory

12. Feed additives: pigments, growth promoters, feed stimulants, anabolic agents
Additives (Chemo-attractants)

Feed additives

Use of fish additives for fish health

Session 13

Theory

Session 14

Theory

14. Feed evaluation: feed convertion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization and biological value
Feed evaluation

Feed evaluation

Evaluation of feed quality

Session 15

Theory

Session 17

Theory

Session 18

Theory

18. Antinutritional factors (Cont…..)
Antinutritional factor (Cont.....)

Session 19

Theory

Session 20

Theory

Question bank

Assignment

  1. Principal nutrients and nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfish.
  2. Nutritional energetics
  3. Methods of feed formulation and manufacturing.
  4. Different Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets.
  5. Feed additives: binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, growth promoters, and feed stimulants.
  6. Feed evaluation: feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization and biological value.
  7. Feeding devices and methods.
  8. Nonconventional feed ingredients and anti-nutritional factors.
  9. Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility. Factors affecting digestibility.
  10. Nutritional deficiency diseases.

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Makamguang Kamei is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Aquaculture in the School of Fisheries, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi Campus, Gajapati, Odisha. He graduated from College of Fisheries, Lembucherra, Tripura, Central Agricultural University. He has completed his PhD in Aquaculture from ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education. He has […]