Fishery Oceanography
Teacher
Shirsak Mondal
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Fishery Oceanography
FSEM 2104 (1-1-0)
Course Objectives
- The branch of science concerned with the study of the sea. It is the scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of the world oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical properties, origin and geology, and life forms.
- Research in oceanography entails sampling of seawater and marine life, remote sensing of Oceanic process with aircraft and satellites, and exploration of the seafloor. Oceanography aids in predicting weather and climate, in the exploitation of the earth’s resources, and in understanding the effects of pollutants.
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to achieve the following outcomes:
CO-1 : To understand the basics of oceanography, definition, topography and relief of the seafloor. PO1, PO2, PO7
CO-2 : To understand the waves, its formation and types. To learn about the types of tides and the method of tide prediction. Learn about currents, methods of formation, the significance of some major ocean currents and the effects of El-Nino. PO1, PO2, PO7, PO9
CO-3 : To understand physical and chemical properties of seawater and how these factors influencing the distribution of biological organisms. PO1, PO2, PO7, PO9
PO1 : Knowledge enhancement:
PO2 : Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development:
PO7: Communication and Extension Skills:
PO9: Ethics:
Program Outcome
PO-1: Knowledge enhancement: Enhanced knowledge on concepts, essential facts, basics, principles and theories relating to fishery biology, biodiversity and aquatic environment, aquaculture, fish nutrition, fish physiology, genetics and biotechnology, fish processing, fisheries engineering, fish microbiology, fishery extension, economics, and biostatistics.
PO-2: Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development: Understanding the value and processes of life-long learning and professional enhancement and entrepreneurship development.
PO-3: Critical thinking: After identifying the assumptions from the subject, take informed actions to frame the thinking and check out the degree to which these assumptions are accurate and valid, and look at our ideas and decisions (intellectual, organizational, and personal) from different perspectives.
PO-4: Problem Solving: solve the problems from concerned disciplines using the knowledge, skills and attitude acquired from various disciplines in fisheries science.
PO-5: Environment and Sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental contexts and sustainable development.
PO-6: Data Handling and computational skills: Collect, analyze and interpret biological and scientific data for the scientific and farming community with the help of computer-based programmes.
PO-7: Communication and Extension Skills: Develop appropriate communication skills for effective transfer of knowledge and technologies through extension activities.
PO-8: Team Work: Play effective roles in capture, culture, management, financial and marketing of fish produce.
PO-9: Ethics: Application of ethical principles and commitment to professional ethics and responsibilities.
Course Syllabus
Fishery Oceanography
Theory
Unit 1. Introduction to Oceanography: classification; expeditions national and international. Earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief of sea floor; Major feature of topography and terminology; major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans.
Unit 2. Movement of Ocean Water: Waves: definition and terms; classification, Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal definition; tidal inequalities; tide producing forces types of tides tidal bores, tide prediction. Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; measurements of currents; direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift currents Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents; thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course; and significance of some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino.
Unit 3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Ocean Water: Physical properties of sea water: Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal properties of sea water; colligative and other properties of sea water; Residence time of constituents in seawater. Properties of sea ice; transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of Indian oceans. Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water; CO2 system and alkalinity; inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the oceans, factor influencing their distribution.
Practicals
1.Field visits and operation of oceanographic instruments- Nansen reversing water sampler, Grabs, Corers.
2. Measurement Devices in Oceanography: Bathythermograph, Current meters, Tidal gauges, Echo-sounder. Measurement of temperature, Transparency, pH.
3. Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater: Determination of DO, Salinity, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate and Silicate in sea water.
References
1. Sverdrup, H.U., M.W. Johnson and R.H. Flemming 1958. The Oceans – their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology. Prentice – Hall Inc. New Jersey, 1087 pp.
2. McCormick, J.M. and J.V. Thiruvathakal, 1976. Elements of Oceanography. 2nd edition, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 346 pp.
3. Neshyba, S. 1987. Oceanography: perspectives on a fluid earth. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 506 pp.
4. Gross, G. 1993. Oceanography: A view of the earth (sixth edition). Prentice – Hall Inc., New Jersey, 446 pp.
5. Pickard, G.L. and W.J. Emery, 1995. Descriptive Physical Oceanography – an Introduction (fifth edition). Pergamon Press, London, 520 pp.
6. Stowe, K., 1996. Exploring Ocean Science. John Wiley Sons Inc, NewYork 426 pp.
7. Duxbury, A.C., A.B. Duxbury and K.A. Sverdrup, 2000. An Introduction To The World’s Oceans. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,UK. 528 pp.
8. Harold V.Thurman, 2004. Introductory Oceanography. 10th edition, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey, 624 pp.
9. Genny Anderson, 2009. Tools of the Oceanography: Sampling equipments, measuring equipment, online marine science; Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Session Plan
Session 1 (Theory)
Introduction to Oceanography, Definitions, and classification; Oceanic Expeditions with respect to national and international scenario.
Session 3 (Theory)
The earth and the ocean, Composition of the hydrosphere; biosphere; Earths’ interior-crust, mantle, core, Distribution of water and land, Important facts about the ocean.
Session 4 (Practical)
Grabs and corers-Collection of Soil and Sediment samples
Session 5 (Theory)
Relief of seafloor: Major features of topography and terminology; Major divisions. Relief in Indian oceans.
Session 6 (Practical)
Session 7 (Theory)
Ocean Waves: definition and terms; classification, Difference between the surface and long waves; wave theories.
Session 9 (Theory)
Ocean Waves: surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; spilling and breaking waves; long waves, Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves.
Session 10 (Practical)
Determination of Ammonia content
Session 11 (Theory)
Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal definition; tidal inequalities; tide producing forces types of tides tidal bores, tide prediction.
Session 12 (Practical)
Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite content
Session 13 (Theory)
Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; measurements of currents; direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift currents Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents; thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course.
Session 14 (Practical)
Determination of Phosphate Content
Session 15 (Theory)
Physical properties of seawater: Salinity and chlorinity; temperature; thermal properties of seawater; colligative and other properties of seawater; Residence time of constituents in seawater. Properties of sea ice; the transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity.
Session 16 (Practical)
Determination of Silicate Content
Session 17 (Theory)
Physical properties of seawater: General distribution of temperature, salinity, and density: Salinity and temperature of the surface layer (SST), subsurface; distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagram; water masses of Indian oceans.
Session 18 (Practical)
Operation of Bathythermograph and different types of thermometers
Session 19 (Theory)
Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water; dissolves gases in sea water.
Session 20 (Practical)
Operation of Current Meters and Tidal Gauges
Session 21 (Theory)
Chemistry of sea water: CO2 system and alkalinity
Session 22 (Practical)
Operation of Echo-sounder
Session 23 (Theory)
Chemistry of sea water: inorganic agencies affecting the composition of sea water distribution of phosphorus, nitrogen compounds
Session 24 (Practical)
Measurement of Temperature
Session 25 (Theory)
Chemistry of Sea water: silicates and manganese in the oceans, factor influencing their distribution.
Session 26 (Practical)
Measurement of Transperancy
Session 27 (Theory)
Significance of some major ocean currents of the world, Current Status of EL-Nino
Session 28 (Practical)
Field Visit and on-field application of instruments
Session 29 (Theory)
Make-Up Class
Session 30 (Practical)
Field Visit and on-field measurement of physical parameters of water
Session 31 (Theory)
Revision and Doubt-clearing session
Session 32 (Practical)
Field Visit and on-field measurement of Chemical parameters of water
Revised Content
- Effects of EL-Nino in recent Scenario
Our Main Teachers
Mr. Shirsak Mondal has attended West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, WB and received B.F.Sc degree in the year 2019. He has completed M.F.Sc in Aquatic Animal Health Management form ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education in the year of 2021. He has worked as Senior Research Fellow in ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries […]
Saritha S is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Fisheries Resource Management, School of Fisheries, CUTM, Paralakhemundi Campus from May 2022 onwards. She completed her Ph.D. in Fisheries Resource Management from ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai. M.F.Sc. (Master of Fisheries Science) in Fisheries Resource Management from the College of fisheries, Mangalore, and B.F.Sc. (Bachelor of Fisheries Science) from Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala. She qualified for ASRB ICAR-NET in Fisheries Resource Management discipline in 2016. she was Awarded UGC-Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship for pursuing Ph.D. in 2014. Received University Gold Medal and H.P.C. Shetty Gold Medal for having secured the Highest Grade Point Average in Master of Fisheries Science in Fisheries Resources and Management for the Academic year 2013-14.