Fundamentals of Microbiology
Teacher
Shirsak Mondal
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Fundamentals of Microbiology
Code(Credit) : FSHM 1107 (2-1-0)
Course Objectives
- To impart knowledge on aquatic microorganisms with reference to their role in the aquatic environment and bioprospecting.
To impart knowledge of the basic principles of bacteriology, virology, pathogenic microorganisms, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis.
To acquire requisite skill in the use and care of basic microbiological equipment; performance of basic laboratory procedures in microbiology.
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, student will be able to achieve the following outcomes:
CO-1 : To be able to understand the structure and function of bacterial cells and viruses. PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4
CO-2 : To perform different culture techniques and methods adopted in microbiology. PO1, PO3, PO4
CO-3 : Understand the processes used by microorganisms for their replication, survival, and interaction with their environment, hosts, and host populations. PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4
PO1 : Knowledge enhancement
PO2 : Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development
PO3 : Critical thinking
PO4 : Problem Solving
Program Outcome
PO-1: Knowledge enhancement: Enhanced knowledge on concepts, essential facts, basics, principles and theories relating to fishery biology, biodiversity and aquatic environment, aquaculture, fish nutrition, fish physiology, genetics and biotechnology, fish processing, fisheries engineering, fish microbiology, fishery extension, economics, and biostatistics.
PO-2: Professional and Entrepreneurial Skill development: Understanding the value and processes of life-long learning and professional enhancement and entrepreneurship development.
PO-3: Critical thinking: After identifying the assumptions from the subject, take informed actions to frame the thinking and check out the degree to which these assumptions are accurate and valid, and look at our ideas and decisions (intellectual, organizational, and personal) from different perspectives.
PO-4: Problem Solving: solve the problems from concerned disciplines using the knowledge, skills and attitude acquired from various disciplines in fisheries science.
PO-5: Environment and Sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental contexts and sustainable development.
PO-6: Data Handling and computational skills: Collect, analyze and interpret biological and scientific data for the scientific and farming community with the help of computer-based programmes.
PO-7: Communication and Extension Skills: Develop appropriate communication skills for effective transfer of knowledge and technologies through extension activities.
PO-8: Team Work: Play effective roles in capture, culture, management, financial and marketing of fish produce.
PO-9: Ethics: Application of ethical principles and commitment to professional ethics and responsibilities.
Course Syllabus
Theory
Unit 1. Milestones in microbiology. Contributions of Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Alexander Flemming, Joseph Lister, Winogradsky.
Unit 2. Microscopy- Principle and construction of Brightfield, dark field, phase contrast, stereo, SEM and TEM.
Unit 3. Microbial taxonomy –Bergy’s and molecular taxonomy. Types of Microorganisms: Prokaryotes– Morphology and ultrastructure of bacterial cell. General features, types and importance of viruses, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, archae, mycoplasma, rickettsiae.Eukaryotes – Diagnostic features and importance of fungi and protozoa.
Unit 4. Microbial Techniques - Types of media, types of sterilization - physical and chemical agents, cultivation of microorganisms, staining techniques – simple, differential, structural staining; enumeration of micro-organisms, culture preservation methods.
Unit 5. Bacterial metabolism: Nutrient requirements, nutritional types, bacterial photosynthesis and their ecological significance.
Unit6. Microbial growth: Growth phases, measurement of cell growth, factors affecting growth- influence of physico-chemical factors - pH, temperature, moisture, light, osmotic pressure, fermentation- types and significance.
Unit 7. Microbial genetics- general principles, genetic recombination, transformation, transduction and conjugation. Plasmids- types and their importance. Mutation–types and significance.
Unit 8. Microbial ecology: Introduction and types of interaction, extremophiles and their significance.
Unit 9. Aquatic Microbiology: Introduction and scope of aquatic microbiology, aquatic environment habitat for microorganisms - bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and viruses; distribution of microorganisms and their biomass in rivers, lakes, sea and sediment. Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes. Microbial biofilms. Role of microbes in the production and breakdown of organic matter. Role of microbes in sedimentation and mineralization process. Nutrient cycles-carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, and manganese cycles. Sewage microbiology, self purification in natural waters, sewage treatment, drinking water microbiology, sanitary quality of water for aquaculture, bio-remediators. Economic significance of aquatic microbes.
Practical
Handling of microscopes, Wet mount, smear and hanging drop preparations Micrometry-Determination of size of micro organisms (ocular, stage micrometers). Tools and techniques in sterilization methods: Filteration, dry heat, moist heat, chemical agents Cultivation technique: Media preparation, Isolation -pure culture, subculture. Observation of fungi, blue-green algae, and protozoans. Staining techniques for bacteria– simple, differential, structural and Biochemical tests: Indole, methyl red, Voges Proskauer, citrate test, oxidase test, catalase tests. Collection of water and sediment samples for microbiological analysis, Winogradsky cylinder, Isolation, identification and enumeration of various groups of microorganisms from different water bodies including aquaculture systems.
Study of bacteria involved in nutrient cycles. Biofilms, water testing for potability, enumeration of coliform. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria - antibiotic sensitivity test – disc diffusion method.
References
Brock Biology of Micro organisms - Michael T.Madigan, John M.Martnko, Jack Parker
Microbiology ----Lancing M.Prescott, John P Harley, Donald A. Klein
Microbiology – Michel J plelczar /Jr.E.C.S.Chan, Noel R.Krieg
Microbiology essentials and applications ---Larry Mc Kane / Judy Kandel
Fundamentals ,principles of bacteriology --- A.J.salle
General Microbiology --Hans G.Schlegel
Microbiology –A laboratory manual ----------James G.Cappuccine, Netelie Sherman
Session Plan
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Session 4
Session 5
Session 6
Session 7
Session 8
Session 9
Session 10
Session 11
Session 12
Microbial Techniques- Types of microbiological media and their preparations
PDF link: FM ppt-12
Video link:Bacterial culture media
Session 13
Microbial Techniques- Sterilization methods - Physical and Chemical
PDF link: FM ppt-13
Video link:Sterilization
Session 14
Microbial Techniques- Isolation of pure culture
PDF link:Pure culture isolation
Session 15
Session 16
Session 17
Session 19
Session 20
Theory 20: Aquatic Microbiology- Aquatic microorganisms-Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, fungi
PDF link: FM ppt-20
Video link:Aquatic microbiololgy
Session 21
Aquatic Microbiology- Aquatic algae, parasites, and viruses
PDF link: FM ppt-21
Video link:Microorganisms
Session 22
Aquatic Microbiology- Influence of physical, chemical and biological factors on aquatic microbes
PDF link: FM ppt-22
Video link:Factors affecting bacterial growth
Session 23
Session 24
Aquatic Microbiology- Role of microbes in sedimentation and mineralization process
PDF link: FM ppt-24
Video link:
Mineralization process
Session 25
Aquatic Microbiology- Nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur
PDF link: FM ppt-25
Video link:Nutrient cycles
Session 26
Aquatic Microbiology- Nutrient cycles: Phosphorus, iron and manganese cycles
PDF link: FM ppt-26
Video link:Phosphorus cycle
Session 27
Session 28
Session 29
Session 30
Session 31
Economic significance of aquatic microbes
PDF link: FM ppt-31
Session 32
Practical
Session 1
Different types of microscopes and their parts, Handling of Microscopes
Session 2
Wet mount, smear and hanging drop technique
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1780tJTk90
Session 3
Sterilization Methods
Session 4
Observation of fungi, blue-green algae and protozoa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rl2iQZ91mVg
Session 5
Isolation of bacteria and serial dilution technique
Session 6
Different types of media preparation for microbial culture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cneascR3OEc
Session 7
Staining techniques for bacteria, simple and differential staining
Session 8
Gram staining technique
Session 9
Biochemical Tests
Session 10
Collection of water sample for microbial Analysis
Session 11
Collection of sediment sample for microbial analysis.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
Session 12
Isolation of bacteria from collected water sample
Session 13
Enumeration of bacteria by spread plate method
Session 14
Isolation and pure culture through streak plate method
Session 15
Sub-culture, Storage of bacteria, Preparation of glycerol-stock
Session 16
Revision and Doubt-Clearing session
E-Material
Question Bank
Assignments
- Prepare timeline of discoveries in microbiology
- Describe the growth cycle of Bacteria
- Different Culture Techniques of Bacteria
- Different Staining Techniques available in Microbiology
- Chemical agents used for sterilization in microbiology
- Biosafety levels and their significance
- Aseptic techniques
- various sterilization Processes
- Parts of Microscope
- Various types of microscopes and their relevant uses.
Revised Content
- NA
Our Main Teachers
Mr. Shirsak Mondal has attended West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, WB and received B.F.Sc degree in the year 2019. He has completed M.F.Sc in Aquatic Animal Health Management form ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education in the year of 2021. He has worked as Senior Research Fellow in ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries […]