Course Objectives

To make the students have a clear knowledge on:

• Mineralogy
  
• Structural geology
  
• Economic geology
  
• Exploration geology
  
• Coal and petroleum geology.

Learning Outcomes

• Identify processes of the rock cycle and the different rock types associated with each step.
  
• Apply the knowledge gained in the contexts of exploration and mining geology.
  
• Demonstrate knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the lithosphere
  

Course Syllabus

MODULE I
Geology, Introduction to geology, Unconformities, folds, faults and joints - their nomenclature, classification and recognition. Effects of folds and fractures on strata/orebodies and their importance in mining operations. Forms of igneous intrusions - dyke, sill and batholith.

PRACTICE:
Determination of Dip and Strike of bed using Bruton or Clino Compass.

Megascopic identification of Ores.

MODULE II
Introduction and scope of economic geology
Ore and gangue; Processes of ore formation; Major Indian mineral deposits (Iron, Manganese,Copper, Lead, Zinc) distribution and mode of occurrence.

Mineral Exploration
Concepts and methods viz. surface and subsurface; Exploration strategy and design; Stages of exploration; Resources and reserves.

MODULE III
Coal and Petroleum Geology
Rank, characteristics and important constituents of coal; Classification and origin of coal;Chief characteristics of Indian coals; Geology of the principal coalfields of India.
Concept of organic constituents of petroleum origin, migration, accumulation, concept of traps and important petroliferous basins of India.

MODULE IV
Mineralogy
Minerals: Physical and chemical properties; Crystal, crystal classes and systems; Classification of minerals.

PRACTICE:
Identification of rock forming minerals in hand specimens(Part-I)
Identification of rock forming minerals in hand specimens(Part-II)
Igneous Rocks:
Magma and lava, extrusive and intrusive forms, textures; Classification of igneous rocks.

PRACTICE:
Megascopic identification of igneous rocks-granite,pegmatite,basalt,gabbro,diorite
Sedimentary rocks:
Sedimentation processes; Classification of sedimentary rocks

PRACTICE:
Megascopic identification of sedimentary rocks-
Sandstone,limestone,conglomerate,breccia,bituminous coal

Metamorphic rocks:
Processes of metamorphism, textures and structures of metamorphic rocks

PRACTICE:
Megascopic identification of metamorphic rocks-
marble, gneiss, schist, quartzite, anthracite coal

Concepts of Palaeontology:
Fossils, their mode of preservation and significance as indices of age and climate; Concept of index fossils.
Principles of stratigraphy:
Broad stratigraphic subdivisions and associated rock types of important ore provinces, coal belts and oil fields of India.

REFERENCES:
Structural Geology -M.P.Billings
Economic Geology – U. Prasad
Exploration Geology – Exploration and mining geology – W.C.Peters
Coal and petroleum geology – elements of petroleum geology – R.C.Shelly and S.A.Sonnenberg
Rutley’s elements of mineralogy
Petrology – Tyrrell
Textbook of palaeontology – M.S. Chatwal

Session Plan

Session 1

LECTURE:
Unconformities, folds, faults and joints - their nomenclature, classification and recognition

WEB LINKS:

structural geology.ppt
joints.ppt

Session 2

LECTURE:
Effects of folds and fractures on strata/orebodies and their importance in mining operations

WEB LINKS:

folds.ppt

Session 3

LECTURE:
Forms of igneous intrusions - dyke, sill and batholith.

WEB LINKS:

igneous structure.ppt

Session 4

PRACTICE:
Demo:
Determination of Dip and Strike of bed using Bruton or Clino Compass

WEB LINKS:

dip and strike .video

Session 5

LECTURE:
Ore and gangue; Processes of ore formation

WEB LINKS:

mining geology.ppt

Session 6

LECTURE:
Major Indian mineral deposits (Iron, Manganese, Copper, Lead, Zinc) distribution and mode of occurrence.

WEB LINKS:

mineral deposits in india.ppt

Session 7

LECTURE:
Concepts and methods viz. surface and subsurface; Exploration strategy and design

WEB LINKS:

subsurface exploration.ppt

Session 8

LECTURE:
Stages of exploration; Resources and reserves.

WEB LINKS:

http://www.crirsco.com/docs/7_Stages_of_Exp_and_Reserve_Estimation-BB%20Sharma.pdf

Session 9

LECTURE:
Rank, characteristics and important constituents of coal

WEB LINKS:

https://personal.ems.psu.edu/~radovic/Chapter7.pdf

Session 10

LECTURE:
Classification and origin of coal; Chief characteristics of Indian coals; Geology of the principal coalfields of India.

WEB LINKS:

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/68365/17/17_chapter%208.pdf

Session 11

LECTURE:
Concept of organic constituents of petroleum origin, migration

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/akincraig/petroleum-geology-origin-of-petroleum

Session 12

LECTURE:
accumulation, concept of traps and important petroliferous basins of India.

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/akhileshmaury/sedimentry-basin-of-india

Session 13

LECTURE:
Minerals: Physical and chemical properties

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/prashantpkatti/physical-properties-of-minerals-69392852

Session 14

LECTURE:
Crystal, crystal classes and systems; Classification of minerals

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/hzharraz/an-introduction-to-crystallography

Session 15

PRACTICE:
DEMO:

Identification of rock forming minerals in hand specimens(Part-I)

WEB LINKS:

Session 16

PRACTICE:
DEMO:
Identification of rock forming minerals in hand specimens(Part-II)

WEB LINKS:

Session 17

LECTURE:
Magma and lava, extrusive and intrusive forms

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/Vyankyo/igneous-rock-ppt

Session 18

LECTURE:
Textures and Classification of igneous rocks

WEB LINKS:

Session 19

PRACTICE:
DEMO:
Megascopic identification of igneous rocks-granite,pegmatite,basalt,gabbro,diorite

WEB LINKS:

Session 20

LECTURE:
Sedimentation processes

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/MALLIKARJUNAREDDYKAS/sedimentation-127740509

Session 21

LECTURE:
Classification of sedimentary rocks

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/ElamathyMurugan/sedimentary-rocks-56846450

Session 22

PRACTICE:
DEMO:

Megascopic identification of sedimentary rocks-
sandstone,limestone,conglomerate,breccia,bituminous coal

WEB LINKS:

Session 23

LECTURE:
Processes of metamorphism, textures and structures of metamorphic rocks

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/TanyaGeologist/textures-and-structures-of-metamorphic-rocks
https://www.slideshare.net/saadraja338/metamorphism-54648264

Session 24

LECTURE:
Classification of metamorphic rocks

WEB LINKS:

Session 25

PRACTICE:
DEMO:
Megascopic identification of metamorphic rocks-
marble,gneiss,schist,quarzite,anthracite coal

WEB LINKS:

Session 26

LECTURE:
Fossils, their mode of preservation and significance as indices of age and climate

WEB LINKS:

www.slideshare.net/pramodgpramod/fossils-and-fossilisation-74443366

Session 27

LECTURE:
Concept of index fossils.

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/mrslarmour/index-fossils

https://www.slideshare.net/moodyp/relative-age-and-index-fossils-1-73211513

Session 28

LECTURE:
Broad stratigraphic subdivisions

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/stratigraphy

Session 29

LECTURE:
Associated rock types of important ore provinces

WEB LINKS:

https://www.slideshare.net/AbdelMonemSoltan/economic-geology-mineral-resources

Session 30

LECTURE:
coal belts and oil fields of India.

WEB LINKS:

http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/legy207.pdf
https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/indian-coal-reserves-classification-of-coal-and-where-it-is-found-in-the-country-1338928-2018-09-13

Case Studies