Code (credit)- HVSC 0503 (2-1-0)
Growth and Development of Vegetable Crops
Teacher
Dr. EGGADI RAMESH
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Course Objective:
- To teach the physiology of growth and development of vegetable crops
Course Outcome:
CO1: Gain knowledge of the physiological processes and mechanisms underlying growth and development in vegetable crops PSO1
CO2: Understand the various stages of growth and development in vegetable crops PSO3
CO3: Explore the factors influencing the growth and development of vegetable crops PSO2
PSO (Program specific outcomes):
PSO1: Impart knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques of maintaining and enhancing soil fertility, crop production, crop management, crop improvement, biodiversity and sustainability of agriculture worldwide.
PSO2: Develop the ability to know farming practices and their scope to improve in the rural areas and the environments.
PSO3: Apply knowledge of basic science through Agricultural microbiology, Plant biochemistry and Biotechnology.
PSO4: Apply knowledge of Agri-business management and finance to develop profitable agricultural system.
SYLLABUS
Theory
UNIT I
Introduction and phytohormones-Definition of growth and development; Cellular structures and their functions; Physiology of phyto-hormones functioning/ biosynthesis and mode of action; Growth analysis and its importance in vegetable production.
UNIT II
Physiology of dormancy and germination-Physiology of dormancy and germination of vegetable seeds, tubers and bulbs; Role of auxins, gibberellilns, cyktokinins and abscissic acid; Application of synthetic PGRs including plant growth retardants and inhibitors for various purposes in vegetable crops; Role and mode of action of morphactins, antitranspirants, anti-auxin, ripening retardant and plant stimulants in vegetable crop production.
UNIT III
Abiotic factors—Impact of light, temperature, photoperiod, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other gases on growth, development of underground parts, flowering and sex expression in vegetable crops; Apical dominance.
UNIT IV
Fruit physiology—Physiology of fruit set, fruit development, fruit growth, flower and fruit drop; parthenocarpy in vegetable crops; phototropism, ethylene inhibitors, senescence and abscission; fruit ripening and physiological changes associated with ripening.
UNIT V
Morphogenesis and tissue culture—Morphogenesis and tissue culture techniques in vegetable crops; Grafting techniques in different vegetable crops.
Practical
- Preparation of plant growth regulator’s solutions and their application;
- Experiments in breaking and induction of dormancy by chemicals;
- Induction of parthenocarpy and fruit ripening;
- Application of plant growth substances for improving flower initiation, changing sex expression in cucurbits and checking flower and fruit drops and improving fruit set in solanaceous vegetables;
- Growth analysis techniques in vegetable crops;
- Grafting techniques in tomato, brinjal, cucumber and sweet pepper.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
- Bleasdale JKA. 1984. Plant physiology in relation to horticulture (2nd Edition) MacMillan.
- Gupta US. Eds. 1978. Crop physiology. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
- Kalloo G. 2017. Vegetable grafting: Principles and practices. CAB International.
- Krishnamoorti HN. 1981. Application growth substances and their uses in agriculture. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
- Leopold AC and Kriedemann PE. 1981. Plant growth and development, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
- Peter KV and Hazra P. (Eds). 2012. Hand book of vegetables.Studium Press LLC, P.O. Box 722200, Houston, Texas 77072, USA, 678p. Peter KV. (Eds). 2008. Basics of horticulture. New India publication agency, New Delhi.
- Rana MK. 2011. Physio-biochemistry and Biotechnology of Vegetables. New India Publishing Agency, Pritam Pura, New Delhi.
- Saini et al. (Eds.). 2001. Laboratory manual of analytical techniques in horticulture. Agrobios, Jodhpur. Wien HC. (Eds.). 1997. The physiology of vegetable crops. CAB International.
SESSION PLAN
Theory
UNIT I
Session 1: Introduction, Importance and Definition of growth and development
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKBDtgoyIvI&pp=ygVIIEludHJvZHVjdGlvbiwgSW1wb3J0YW5jZSBhbmQgRGVmaW5pdGlvbiBvZiBncm93dGggYW5kIGRldmVsb3BtZW50IHBsYW50
Session 2: Cellular structures and their functions
Session 3: Growth analysis and its importance ad type in vegetable production.
Session 4: Physiology of phyto-hormones functioning/ biosynthesis and mode of action
UNIT II
Session 5: Introduction to Dormancy and Germination in Vegetable Seeds, Tubers, and Bulbs
Session 6: Physiology of Dormancy in Vegetable Seeds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLbmb-N2L-k&pp=ygUSZG9ybWFuY3kgaW4gc2VlZHMg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw-w3PUliZs&pp=ygUSZG9ybWFuY3kgaW4gc2VlZHMg
Session 7: Physiology of Germination in Vegetable Seeds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qs4yjJB6PL4&pp=ygUeUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBHZXJtaW5hdGlvbiBzZWVk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyamvim4ZzE&pp=ygUeUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBHZXJtaW5hdGlvbiBzZWVk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRIzfnsprd0&pp=ygUeUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBHZXJtaW5hdGlvbiBzZWVk
Session 8: Role of Auxins in Dormancy and Germination
Session 9: Role of Gibberellins in Dormancy and Germination
Session Plan 10: Role of Cytokinins in Dormancy and Germination
Session 11: Role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in Dormancy and Germination
Session 12: Application of Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators (SPGRs) (Plant Growth Retardants and Inhibitors) in Vegetable Crops
Session 13: Role and Mode of Action of Morphactins in Vegetable Crop Production
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWJq3VPVgAc&pp=ygULTW9ycGhhY3RpbnM%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFz86_ndATc&pp=ygULTW9ycGhhY3RpbnM%3D
UNIT III
Session 14: Introduction to Abiotic Factors in Vegetable Crop Growth and Development
Session 15: Impact of Light on Growth and Development of Vegetable Crops
Session 16: Impact of Temperature and humidity on Growth and Development of Vegetable Crops
Session 17: Impact of Photoperiod on Flowering and Sex Expression in Vegetable Crops
Session 18: Impact of Carbon Dioxide Oxide (CO2), Oxygen and Other Gases on Vegetable Crop Growth and Development
Session 19: Growth and Development of Underground Parts in Vegetable Crops
Session 20: Role and Mode of Action of Antitranspirants and Anti-Auxins in Vegetable Crop Production
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFz86_ndATc&pp=ygULTW9ycGhhY3RpbnM%3D
Session 21: Apical Dominance in Vegetable Crop Growth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wUEzQO0rrI&t=406s&pp=ygUZQXBpY2FsIERvbWluYW5jZSBpbiBDcm9wcw%3D%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUdCdJabel8&pp=ygUZQXBpY2FsIERvbWluYW5jZSBpbiBDcm9wcw%3D%3D
UNIT IV
Session 22: Introduction to Fruit Physiology in Vegetable Crops
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIlpwb5fk54&pp=ygUQRnJ1aXQgUGh5c2lvbG9neQ%3D%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfSM6mzmTmE&pp=ygUQRnJ1aXQgUGh5c2lvbG9neQ%3D%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7FVJUMmPk0&pp=ygUQRnJ1aXQgUGh5c2lvbG9neQ%3D%3D
Session 23: Physiology of Fruit Set in Vegetable Crops
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKrkM4_u45s&pp=ygUXUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBGcnVpdCBTZXQ%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT2mDW7DLwo&pp=ygUXUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBGcnVpdCBTZXQ%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNJ_tMXf_14&pp=ygUXUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBGcnVpdCBTZXQ%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6HCJL5IhGg&t=435s&pp=ygUXUGh5c2lvbG9neSBvZiBGcnVpdCBTZXQ%3D
Session Plan 24: Physiology of Fruit Growth and Development
Session 25: Flower and Fruit Drop in Vegetable Crops
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELz5j_cOCpM&pp=ygUeZmxvd2VyIGFuZCBmcnVpdCBkcm9wIGNsYXNzIDEy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CVh2x0RAd4&pp=ygUeZmxvd2VyIGFuZCBmcnVpdCBkcm9wIGNsYXNzIDEy
Session 26: Parthenocarpy in Vegetable Crops
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RA1oow0Gxhk&pp=ygUgUGFydGhlbm9jYXJweSBpbiBWZWdldGFibGUgQ3JvcHM%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_A-Og5s31g&pp=ygUgUGFydGhlbm9jYXJweSBpbiBWZWdldGFibGUgQ3JvcHM%3D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xw8gTPZu2I&pp=ygUgUGFydGhlbm9jYXJweSBpbiBWZWdldGFibGUgQ3JvcHM%3D
Session 27: Phototropism and ethylene inhibitors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJITdbC4I5Q&pp=ygUVcGhvdG90cm9waXNtIGNsYXNzIDEy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKrxpbKbtu0&pp=ygUVcGhvdG90cm9waXNtIGNsYXNzIDEy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpZpZOrZekw&pp=ygUVcGhvdG90cm9waXNtIGNsYXNzIDEy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4fmR7rcU-E&pp=ygUcZXRoeWxlbmUgaW5oaWJpdG9ycyBjbGFzcyAxMg%3D%3D
Session 28: Senescence and Abscission in Fruit Physiology
Session 29: Fruit Ripening and Associated Physiological Changes
Session 30: Hormonal Regulation of Fruit Ripening
UNIT V
Session 31: Morphogenesis and Tissue Culture Techniques in Vegetable Crops
Session 32: Grafting Techniques in Different Vegetable Crops
Practical
Session 1: Introduction to Plant Growth Regulators and Their Importance
https://www.slideshare.net/SudheerKandibanda/plant-growth-regulators-56599895
Session 2: Preparation and Handling of Plant Growth Regulator Solutions
Session 3: Breaking Dormancy in Seeds using Chemicals
https://www.slideshare.net/MahnoorImran14/methods-of-breaking-dormancy-239812464
Session 4: Inducing Dormancy in Plants using Chemicals
https://byjus.com/biology/seed-dormancy/
Session 5: Parthenocarpy and Fruit Ripening
https://www.slideshare.net/MandeepSaini45/parthenocarpy-143738248
https://www.slideshare.net/sivafpe/fruit-ripening-58721007
Session 6: Manipulating Flower Initiation and Sex Expression in Cucurbits
https://www.slideshare.net/AbarnaAbi1/sex-expression-in-cucurbits
https://www.ijcmas.com/6-9-2017/K.C.%20Megharaj,%20et%20al.pdf
Session 7: Reducing Flower and Fruit Drops in Plants
https://www.powershow.com/view/37a8a-YWRiZ/Flowers_and_Fruits_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
Session 8: Enhancing Fruit Set in Solanaceous Vegetables
https://www.slideshare.net/rajeshdebnath545/important-solanaceae-crops
https://www.slideshare.net/MandeepSaini45/fruit-set-growth-developmental-stages-of-various-fruits
Session 9: Introduction to Growth Analysis Techniques
https://www.slideshare.net/HEMJOSHI7/crop-growth-analysis
Session 10: Measurement of Plant Growth Parameters
https://www.slideshare.net/vineetha43/16-growth-parametersm-sc-epptx
Session 11: Grafting Techniques in Tomato
https://www.slideshare.net/dhanuka1210/grafting-in-vegetable
Session 12: Grafting Techniques in Brinjal (Eggplant)
https://www.slideshare.net/dhanuka1210/grafting-in-vegetable
Session 13: Grafting Techniques in Cucumber
https://www.academia.edu/7705169/MAIN_VEGETABLE_GRAFTING1_main
Session 14: Grafting Techniques in Sweet Pepper (Bell Pepper)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciMQqn2GAwM&pp=ygUhR3JhZnRpbmcgVGVjaG5pcXVlcyBpbiBWZWdldGFibGVz
Session 15: Comparing Grafted and Non-grafted Plants
Session 16: Review and Assessment
E- Materials
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/course/view.php?id=132
http://www.jnkvv.org/PDF/01042020110659physio%20class%20notes.pdf
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://d33g7sdvsfd029.cloudfront.net/notesmodule/2022-11-25-0.1365272192439153.pdf
ASSIGNMENTS:
- Concept of Growth and Development in Vegetable Crops
- Phytohormones and Their Role in Vegetable Crop Physiology
- Growth Analysis Techniques in Vegetable Production
- Influence of Abiotic and Biotic factors on Growth and Development in Vegetable Crops
- Influence of Phytohormones on Vegetable Seed Dormancy and Germination
- Understanding Phytohormones and Their Effects on Vegetable Crop Production
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