Metabolism
Teacher
Dr Sitaram Swain
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Course Name : Metabolism
Code(Credit) :CUTM1700(3-2-1)
Course Objectives
- • To understand the importance of lipids as storage molecules and as structural component of biomembranes.
• Understanding the importance of high energy compounds, electron transport chain, synthesis of ATP under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
• To acquire knowledge related to the role of TCA cycle in central carbon metabolism, importance of anaplerotic reactions and redox balance.
• Students will be exposed with the fact that perturbations in the carbon metabolism can lead to various disorders such as diabetes and cancer.
• Appreciation of the fact that differences in the properties of metabolic enzymes of the host and pathogens can be exploited for the development of new drugs.
• To gain insights into metabolic engineering for the production of useful biomolecules.
• To estimate biomolecules such as glucose , proteins, cholesterol in clinical samples.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will acquire the concept of anabolism, catabolism and role of high energy compounds in the cell. They will acquire knowledge related to regulation of various pathways. The fact that perturbations in the carbon metabolism can lead to various disorders such as diabetes and cancer will be explained. The student will appreciate the fact that differences in the properties of metabolic enzymes of the host and pathogens can be exploited for the development of new drugs. Finally, the student will gain insights into metabolic engineering for the production of useful biomolecules.
Course Syllabus
Module:I Types of metabolism:Anabolism and catabolism, compartmentalization of metabolic pathways.Bioenergetics:Laws of Thermodynamics - first and second law. Concept of enthalphy, entropy and free energy. Standard free energy. Endergonic and exergonic reactions. Coupled reactions.High energy compounds – structural features of ATP and its free energy change during hydrolysis, other high energy compounds.
Module:II Biological oxidation: Ultra structure of mitochondrion, electron transport chain. Electron transport complexes Complex I, II, III and IV. Uncouplers and inhibitors of respiration (Rotenone, antimycin. cyanide and 2,4 DNP). Oxidative phosphorylation, P/O ratio. Formation of ATP-Outline of Mitchell’s hypothesis. Substrate level phosphorylation with examples.
Module:III Metabolism of carbohydrates: Glycogen metabolism, glycogenolysis, glycogensynthesis.Glycolysis, energetic of glycolysis. Entry of other carbohydrates into glycolytic pathway. Fates of pyruvate, conversion of pyruvate to lactae, alcohol and acetyl Co-A.
Module:IV Citric acid cycle and it’s energetic. Amphibolic integrating roles of TCA cycle. Anaplerotic reactions. Pentose phosphate pathway and its significance. Cori cycle. Gluconeogenesis.
Module:V Metabolism of lipids: Oxidation of fatty acids – α, β and ω types, β-oxidation of even number saturated fatty acids. Energetics of β-oxidation. Biosynthesis of even number saturated fatty acids. Ketone bodies formation. Outline of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Module:VI Metabolism of amino acids:General reaction of amino acid degradation,Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation. Ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids. Urea cycle and its significance.
Module:VII Metabolic engineering and metabolic enzymes as drug targets. Engineering metabolic pathways for the production of useful biomolecules. Metabolic enzymes of pathogens as drug targets.
Laboratory Practices
• Preparation of acidic and basic buffers
• Determination of pH using pH meter.
• Determination of pKa value of amino acid using pH meter.
• Estimation of blood glucose by DNS method.
• Protein by Biuret method.
• Assay of salivary amylase.
• Isolation of lipids from egg yolk and separation by TLC.
• Estimation of serum cholesterol
Recommended Books
Text Books:
Cox, M.M and Nelson, D.L. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, VEdition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
Reference Books:
1.Cox, M.M and Nelson, D.L. (2008).Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, Sixth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
2. Voet D and Voet J(2012) Biochemistry . Fifth edition, Wiley.
3. Murray, R.K., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J., Rodwell, V.W. and Well, P.A. (2009). Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, XXVIII Edition, International Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Session 8
High energy compounds – structural features of ATP and its free energy change during hydrolysis
Session 10
Session 11
Biological oxidation: Ultra structure of mitochondrion
Session 12
electron transport chain. Electron transport complexes Complex I, II, III and IV
Session 13
Uncouplers and inhibitors of respiration (Rotenone, antimycin. cyanide and 2,4 DNP)
Session 15
Formation of ATP-Outline of Mitchell’s hypothesis
Session 18
Glycolysis, energetic of glycolysis. Entry of other carbohydrates into glycolytic pathway.
Session 19
Fates of pyruvate, conversion of pyruvate to lactate
Session 20
Conversion of pyruvate to alcohol and acetyl Co-A.
Session 22
Amphibolic integrating roles of TCA cycle. Anaplerotic reactions.
Session 23
Pentose phosphate pathway and its significance
Session 27
β-oxidation of even number saturated fatty acids. Energetics of β-oxidation
Session 28
Biosynthesis of even number saturated fatty acids.
Session 31
General reaction of amino acid degradation,Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation
Session 35
Engineering metabolic pathways for the production of useful biomolecules
Session 34
Metabolic engineering and metabolic enzymes as drug targets
Session 36
Metabolic enzymes of pathogens as drug targets.
Session 38
Determination of pKa value of amino acid using pH meter.
Case Studies
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
Dr Sitaram Swain has received PhD degree from Utkal University in the year 2017. He is also trained and experienced from TATA Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. He has experienced with cell line culture, clinical biochemistry, immuno-fixation, immunoassay, cancer cytogenetic, serum protein electrophoresis and tumour marker analysis. He has qualified NET(ICAR-ASRB) in Animal biotechnology. He has […]