CUTM 1649 Modern and Applied Analytical Forensic Chemistry

Teacher

Dr. Reena C. Jhamtani

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Core Courses

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Course Name : Modern and Applied Analytical Forensic Chemistry

Code(Credit) : CUTM1649(4-2-0)

Course Objectives

  • This course aims to build in students both theoretical knowledge and practical application of forensic chemistry such as investigation of arson cases, analysis of samples.
  • Understanding of nuclear forensics, detection and measurement of radioactive substances.
  • Understanding of drugs chemistry, NDPS laws and analytical method.
  • Understanding and identification of fire crime scene and explosion crime scene.
  • Analysis of petroleum products
  • food adulteration and their detection.

Learning Outcomes

After completing this course students will have theoretical and practical knowledge of Forensic Chemistry.

  • Acquainted with proper knowledge chemistry of drugs and different laws related to drugs.
  • Understanding the process of analysis involved to identify the drugs.
  • Ability to detect the different drug component. Identify and detect the cause of fire and explosion and analyse the residue materials.
  • Skill to detect the food adulteration in food and identify the adulterated material in food.

Course Syllabus

UNIT-I

Forensic nuclear chemistry

Introduction to nuclear forensics, nuclear threats, Nuclear explosive devices, Radioactivity, Radioactive decay rates and Half lives, Methods of detection and measurement of radio actives (G.M and Scintillation Counter). Applications of Radioisotopes.

Activation analysis:

Neutron activation analysis, principle, technique, applications and steps involved in neutron activation analysis.

Isotope dilution analysis:

Principle, types of isotope dilution analysis, typical applications of isotope dilution analysis.

UNIT-II

Forensic Drug Chemistry

Introduction to Drugs, Controlled Substance Act, Forensic examination of drugs/Narcotics (Cannabis), Phenethylamines (Amphetamine, Methamphetamine), Hydroxyl derivative (Ephedrine) Ketone Derivative (Cathinone), Methoxy Derivative (Mescaline) Tertiary Amines (Cocaine and Opiates) Tryptamines(Psilocin and Psilocybin) Anabolic Steroids, Miscellaneous Controlled Substances (Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, GHB, Ketamine and LSD)Sample Preparation, Extraction Techniques- Chemical-color test, Microcrystal techniques and other instrumental techniques involved in analysis.

UNIT-III

Petroleum Chemistry

Paraffins, , Iso-olefins, Olefin Hydrocarbons, Naphthenes,Cycloparaffins or Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Sulphur Compounds, Nitrogen Compounds, Oxygen Compounds, Organo-Metallic Hydrocarbons; H/C Ratio of Hydrocarbons;Physical Properties of Petroleum Products : Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Color, Fluorescence, Cloud Point, Pour Point, Aniline Point, smoke point, boiling point, Optical Properties, Flash Point, Refractive Index and Calorific Value, Determination of Cetane and Octane number, Analytical Techniques: Quantitative and Qualitative Steps in Analysis of Petroleum

Fire Chemistry

Scientific Investigation of Fire, NEPA 921 and NEPA 1033, The chemistry and physics of combustion, Dynamics of Fire, Development of fire patterns, Separation and analytical techniques of ignitable liquid residues, Field tests, Interpretation of Data Obtained from Fire Debris, Quality Assurance in Fire debris Analysis, Report Writing and Court Testimony.

UNIT-IV

Explosives Chemistry

Introduction and assessment of explosives , Oxygen balance, Explosive Power Index, Heat and Temperature of Explosion, Pressure of explosion, Mechanism of Ignition and hot spot formation. Thermal decomposition , physical and chemical aspects of combustion, Deflagration and Detonation, Kinetics of Explosive Reactions, Analysis of low and high explosives by different instrumental techniques, Quality control, Proficiency Testing, Interpretation and Significance of Results

Chemical Warfare Agents

Classification, physical and biochemical properties, toxic effects detection by Biosensors and various instrumental Techniques

UNIT-V

Food Chemistry

Analysis of Lipids and fats: Physical examination of lipids, Chemical examination of lipids (Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Acetyl value, Iodine value), Test for hydrogenated oils and fats, Detection and Determination of rancidity, Analysis of butter and butter fats, Analysis of adulterated and non-adulterated oils

Analysis of dairy products: Milk and its products.

Practicals
1. Microcrystalline tests for drugs
2. Separation of alkaloids, glycosides, tryptamines by TLC
3. Separation of Psychotropic substance by TLC
4. Separation of Cannabis/Opium by TLC
5. Separation of lipids by TLC
6. Analysis of high explosives by color test and TLC.
7. Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves, characterization by IR.
8. Estimation of protein in food samples.
9. Analysis of calcium and magnesium in milk.
10. Analysis of fire residues by GC
11. Analysis of adulterated and non-adulterated oil by chemical/Color Test and TLC method
12. Analysis of dye in petrol and kerosene by UV spectrophotometry and TLC
13. Estimation of nitrite/nitrate in water samples
14. Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography
15. Analysis of NDPS drugs and explosives by instrumental techniques.

Reference Books:
1. Klaassen, C. D.,:Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th ed, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
2. Moffat, A.C.: Osselton, D. M. Widdop, B.: Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons in Pharmaceuticals, body fluids and postmortem material, 3rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press2004.
3. Bogusz, M. J., Hand Book of Analytical Separations, Vol. 2: Forensic Science, 1st ed., Elsevier Science, 2000.
4. Siegel, J.A., Saukko, P. J., Knupfer, G.,: Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences (Vol3), Academic Press, 2000.
5. Rang, P.H., Dale, M.M., Ritter, M.J.: Pharmacology, 4th ed., Harcourt/Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
6. Paranjape, H.M., Bothara, G.K., Jain, M.M.: Fundamentals of Pharmacology, 1st ed., Nirali Prakashan, 1990.
7. Budhiraja, R.D.: Elementary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Popular Prakashan, 2nd ed., 1999.
8. Wiseman, H and Henry J.: Management Of Poisoning, A Handbook for Healthcare workers, 1st ed., A.I.T.B.S, 2002
9. Hardman, J. G. and Limbird, L. E.,: Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 9th edn., McGraw-Hill, 1996
10. Laaboratory procedure Manual, Forensic Toxicology: DFS, 2005
11. Sunshine, I ; Methods for Analytical Toxicology, CRC Presss USA (1975)
12. Cravey, R.H; Baselt, R.C.: Introduction to Forensic Toxicology , Biochemical Publications, Davis, C.A. (1981)
13. Stolmen, A.; Progress in Chemical Toxicology: Academic Press, New York (1963)
14. Modi, Jaisingh, P.; Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence& Toxicology, M.M. Tripathi Publication (2001)
15. Eckert; An Introduction to Forensic Science, CRC Press
16. Pillay, V. V.; Handbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Paras Pub., 2001
17. Curry, A. S: Poison Detection in Human Organ
18. James, S. H. and Nordby, J. J.: Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, 2003.
19. Saferstein, R: Criminalistics - An Introduction to Forensic Science, Prentice Hall, 1995.
20. Sarkar, S: Fuels and Combustion, Orient Longman, 1990
21. Verma, R. M: Analytical Chemistry – Theory and Practice, CBS Pub., 1994
22. Svehla, G. Ed.: Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman, 1998.
23. Bassett: Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman, 1978
24. Vogel, A. I: Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry including Qualitative Organic Analysis, ELBS, 1971.
25. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M. and Holler, F. J: Analytical Chemistry: An Introduction, Saunders College, 1994.
26. Siegel, J. A, Saukko, P. J. and Knupfer, G. C: Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Academic Press, 2000.
27. Townsends, A. (Ed): Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Academic Press, 2005.
28. Beveridge, A: Forensic Investigation of Explosives, Taylor & Francis, 2000.
29. Yallop, H. J: Explosion Investigation, Forensic Science Society & Scottish Academic Press, 1980.
30. Narayanan, T. V: Modern Techniques of Bomb Detection and Disposal, R. A. Security System, 1995.
31. Yinon, J. and Zitrin, S: The Analysis of Explosives, Oxford: Pergamon, 1981
32. An Introduction to Physics and chemistry of Petroleum
33. Kinghorn: Introduction to Petrochemicals Sukumar Maiti
34. D.W.Waples : Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration
35. A.L.Waddams : Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology Chemicals from Petroleum
36. Day& Underwood :Analytical Chemistry
37. H. J. Arnikar Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, 4th Edition Wiley Eastern (1987).
38. H. J. M. Bowen. Buttler and Tanner Chemical Applications of Radioisotopes, (1969).
39. G Friedlander, T. W. Kennedy, E. S. Macias and J. M. Miller, Introduction of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 3rd Edition, John Wiley (1981).
40. P.D.Vowels and D.W: Experiments in Environmental chemistry.

Session Plan- Theory

Session 2

Nuclear threats, Nuclear explosive devices

Nuclear Threats

Session 5

Applications of Radioisotopes

https://slideplayer.com/slide/12494420/

Applications of Isotope

Session 6

Activation analysis:
Neutron activation analysis, principle, technique, applications and steps involved in neutron activation analysis.

Session 7

Isotope dilution analysis:
Principle, types of isotope dilution analysis, typical applications of isotope dilution analysis.

radioanalytical methods

Session 9

Forensic examination of drugs/Narcotics (Cannabis)

Identification_and_Analysis_of_Cannabis_and_Cannabis_products

Session 10

Forensic examination of drugs- Phenethylamines (Amphetamine, Methamphetamine)

https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/amphetamine_en

Session 11

Forensic examination of drugs/ Narcotics- Hydroxyl derivative (Ephedrine) Ketone Derivative (Cathinone)

cathionine 1

Cathinones

ephedrine

drugs

Session 12

Forensic examination of drugs/ Narcotics- Methoxy Derivative (Mescaline) Tertiary Amines (Cocaine and Opiates)

narcotics manual

chapter 5, 7 and 12

Session 13

Forensic examination of drugs/ Narcotics- Tryptamines (Psilocin and Psilocybin) Anabolic Steroids

chapter 13 of narcotic manual

Session 14

Forensic examination of drugs/ Narcotics- Miscellaneous Controlled Substances (Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, GHB, Ketamine and LSD)

chapter 10, 11 and 14 of narcotic manual

Session 15

Sample Preparation, Extraction Techniques- Chemical-color test

Session 15

Micro crystal techniques and other instrumental techniques involved in analysis

https://www.wcupa.edu/sciences-mathematics/chemistry/forensicResearch/

microcrystalline-test-in-forensic-drug-analysis

Session 16

Petroleum Chemistry: Paraffins, , Iso-olefins, Olefin Hydrocarbons, Naphthenes

petroleum chemistry

Session 17

Cycloparaffins or Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Sulphur Compounds, Nitrogen Compounds

Session 18

Oxygen Compounds, Organo-Metallic Hydrocarbons; H/C Ratio of Hydrocarbons;

Session 19

Physical Properties of Petroleum Products : Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Color, Fluorescence, Cloud Point, Pour Point, Aniline Point, smoke point

Manual - petroleum

Session 20

Physical Properties of Petroleum Products : boiling point, Optical Properties, Flash Point, Refractive Index and Calorific Value, Determination of Cetane and Octane number

Properties of Petroleum Products

Session 21

Analytical Techniques: Quantitative and Qualitative Steps in Analysis of Petroleum

analysis

Session 22

Fire Chemistry

Scientific Investigation of Fire, NEPA 921 and NEPA 1033

FIRE INVESTIGATION

Session 23

The chemistry and physics of combustion

Fire

Session 25

Separation and analytical techniques of ignitable liquid residues, Field tests

Session 26

Interpretation of Data Obtained from Fire Debris

Fire Arson Investigation Manual 2002

Session 27

Quality Assurance in Fire debris Analysis, Report Writing and Court Testimony

analysis-and-interpretation-of-fire-scene-evidence

Session 28

Explosives Chemistry

Introduction and assessment of explosives , Oxygen balance

Introduction and detection of explosives compounds

Session 29

Explosive Power Index, Heat and Temperature of Explosion, Pressure of explosion

EXPLOSIVES POWER AND POWER INDEX

Temperature, force and pressure

Session 30

Mechanism of Ignition and hot spot formation

Mechanism of hotspot formation

Session 31

Thermal decomposition , physical and chemical aspects of combustion, Deflagration and Detonation

thermal decomposition

detonation^J deflagration and combustion

Session 32

Kinetics of Explosive Reactions

kinetics of explosive reaction

Session 33

Analysis of low and high explosives by different instrumental techniques

Introduction and detection of explosives compounds

Session 34

Quality control, Proficiency Testing, Interpretation and Significance of Results

Session 35

Chemical Warfare Agents
Classification, physical and biochemical properties

Session 36

Chemical Warfare Agents
toxic effects detection by Biosensors and various instrumental Techniques

Analytical Methods for CWA

Session 38

Analysis of Lipids and fats: Chemical examination of lipids (Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Acetyl value, Iodine value)

chemistry of fatty acids

Session 39

Test for hydrogenated oils and fats

https://byjus.com/chemistry/tests-of-oils-and-fats/#:~:text=Fats%20and%20oils%20when%20heated,fats%20or%20oil%20is%20confirmed.

Detection and Determination of rancidity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhuWvWX9-yQ

Analysis of butter and butter fats

Analysis of adulterated and non-adulterated oils

test for adulteration in oils and fats

Examination-of-Edible-Oils

Session 40

Analysis of dairy products: Milk and its products.

milk and its products

MILK_AND_MILK_PRODUCTS-fssai

Session Plan- Practical

Practical session 1

Microcrystalline tests for drugs

Practical session 2

Separation of alkaloids, glycosides, tryptamines by TLC

Practical session 3

Separation of Psychotropic substance by TLC

Practical session 4

Separation of Cannabis/Opium by TLC

Practical Session 5

Separation of lipids by TLC

Practical session 6

Analysis of high explosives by color test and TLC.

Practical session 7

Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves, characterization by IR

Practical session 8

Estimation of protein in food samples

Practical session 9

Analysis of calcium and magnesium in milk.

Practical session 10

Analysis of fire residues by GC

Practical session 11

Analysis of adulterated and non-adulterated oil by chemical/Color Test and TLC method

Practical session 12

Analysis of dye in petrol and kerosene by UV spectrophotometry and TLC

Practical session 13

Estimation of nitrite/nitrate in water samples

Practical session 14

Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography

Practical session 15

Analysis of NDPS drugs and explosives by instrumental techniques

Our Main Teachers

Associate Professor at the School of Forensic Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Orrisa, Bhubaneshwar.

Shruti Rajwar

Assistant Professor
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