Plant Breeding and Genetics
Teacher
BHAGYESWARI BEHERA
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name :
Code(Credit) : CUTM1440(3-1-0)
Course Objectives
• This course examines the application of genetic principles to plant improvement.
• Topics include breeding objectives, mating systems, selection, testing and germplasm maintenance of horticultural and crop plants.
Course Outcomes
| COs | Course Outcome |
Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
| CO1 |
Understand the sources and types of genetic variation and explain their importance for plant improvement
|
PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-3, PO5-2, PO7-2 | CO2 | Laboratory skills to carry out specific plant breeding activities such as selection of parental germ-plasm, conservation and recording of phenotypic variation and selection among progeny relevant to plant breeding | PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-2, PO5-2, PO7-2 | CO3 | Able to apply the knowledge on the field for crop improvement | PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-3, PO5-2, PO7-2 |
| CO4 | Able to analyse the classification of breeding process for hybrid production | PO1-3, PO2-3, PO3-3, PO4-2, PO5-2, PO7-2, PO-9-1 |
Course Syllabus
Plant Breeding and Genetics
Module-I Genetics:
Gene concept, allelism and fine structure of gene. Mendelism and deviation of mendelian ratios, epistasis, linkage and crossing over. Incomplete and complete linkage.
Practice: 1. Study of chromosome mapping with point test crosses data.
Practice 2: Karyotyping using photographs
Module-II Genome mapping:
Sex-linked inheritance, Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome organization, Maternal effect, genome imprinting, two point cross, three point test cross and chromosome mapping, tetrad analysis, extra chromosomal inheritance.Cytoplasmic male sterility.
Module-III
Chromosomal aberrations
Structural aberration: duplication, deficiency, inversion and translocations heterozygotes; numerical chromosome aberrations: aneuploids: trisomics and monosomics; euploids: autopolyploids, allopolyploids, role polyploidy in speciation with reference to triticum and brassica. Polyploids, haploids, aneuploids and their utility. Chromosome variation and evolution.
Practice:3. Induction of Polyploidy by Colchine.
Module-IV Population Genetics:
Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg Law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift .
Module V: Mutagenesis:
DNA damage and repair mechanisms, Spontaneous and induced mutations and their molecular mechanisms, physical and chemical mutagens, transposable elements and mechanism of transposition.
Module VI: Introduction to breeding:
Natural breeding systems in plants, genetic diversity in plant breeding; Conventional breeding methods for self, cross-pollinated and vegetative propagated crop plants.
Practice: 4. Demonstration of cross hybridization process in selected plant species.
Module VII: Tools in plant breeding:
Heterosis breeding; polyploidy and haploid breeding; Cytogenetic tools in plant breeding, Genetic crossing, Molecular markers-RAPD, ISSR, SSR, SNPs, Bulk-segregate analysis, Back-cross breeding. Marker Assisted selection – Foreground and background selection – MAS for major and minor genes – Marker assisted pyramiding.
Practice:5. To amplify the supplied DNA sample by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.
Practice 6. To amplify the supplied DNA sample using SSR markers.
Text Books & Reference Book:
1. Lewin, B. (2017). Gene XII. Person-Prentice Hall, London.
2. Pierce, B. A. (2016) 5th edition. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach. W. H. Freeman, New York.
3. George Acquaah (2020) 3rd edition, "Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding ". Wiley Blackwell.
4. Allard RW. 1981. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Chopra VL. 2004. Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH.
6. B.D. Singh, 2019; Plant Breeding in 21st Century.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033756071902730
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1004162323428
Session Plan
Session 1
Gene concept, allelism and fine structure of gene.
https://www.slideshare.net/PromilaSheoran/gene-concept?qid=1b4111b4-b232-4f44-a6b2-249af5fa94cc&v=&b=&from_search=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vh-3SpPgS20
Session 2
Session 3 (Practice-1)
Study of chromosome mapping with point test crosses data.
https://edspace.american.edu/ma2581a/wp-content/uploads/sites/801/2016/10/GeneticsLab1Report.pdf
Session 6
Sex-linked inheritance, maternal effect and genome impriting.
https://www.slideshare.net/ChristopherRamhold/gene-imprintingedited
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBjf-ZV1dVA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2xufrHWG3E
Session 7
Two point cross, three point test cross and chromosome mapping.
https://www.slideshare.net/zeeshanahmed121121/gene-mapping-ppt-81617490
Session 8
Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome organization and extra chromosomal inheritance.
https://www.slideshare.net/hhalhaddad/281-lec7-genomeorganization
Session 9
Session 11
Session 12
Role polyploidy in speciation with reference to triticum and brassica.
https://www.slideshare.net/GigaScience/daniela-puiu-at-icg12-the-first-nearcomplete-assembly-of-the-hexaploid-bread-wheat-genome-triticum-aestivum?qid=88825c74-5c42-4c22-a160-9c0f1484ef81&v=&b=&from_search=1, https://www.slideshare.net/JafarTanin/prospects-and-breeding-quality-improvement-of-brassica?qid=497d1b93-d51d-427c-bb30-6afc501254e9&v=&b=&from_search=4
Session 13 (Practice-2)
Karyotyping using photographs
<a http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html
Session 14
Haploids, aneuploids and their utility.
https://www.slideshare.net/vruddhidesai/production-of-double-haploid-plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNNkyyjM2Eg
Session 15
Chromosome variations & evolution
https://www.slideshare.net/beth__/variation-evolution-48716556
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdWqsI0DSzE
Session 16
DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
https://www.slideshare.net/preetysweta22/preety-sem?qid=388361e3-118b-4001-a3b8-8cb530d87ffa&v=&b=&from_search=1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yI_SoOWFMU
Session 17
Mutation and types(Spontaneous and induced) and theeir molecuar mechanism.
https://www.slideshare.net/sreerajsree/spontaneous-and-induced-mutations
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bWjuwTiYXI
Session 19
Transposable elements and mechanism of ransposition.
https://www.slideshare.net/BowiyaKS/plant-transposable-elements-where-genetics-meets-genomics?qid=4d155e1e-78b0-438e-a4b5-90bc7e11894f&v=&b=&from_search=7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr9xln6tHF8
Session 20
Population genetics – Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency.
<a href="https://www.slideshare.net/NawfalAldujaily/
<a
Session 21
Hardy-Weinberg Law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selectionhttps://www.cs.cmu.edu/~genetics/units/instructions/instructions-PGE.pdf.
Session 22
Migration and random genetic drift .
<a href="http://www.csun.edu/~dgray/Evol322/Chapter7.pdf
Session 23
Genetic basis of breeding self & Cross pollinated crops.
https://www.slideshare.net/drshkrp/principles-of-plant-breeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ATRfaiaOLg
Session 24 (Practice-3)
Induction of Polyploidy by Colchicine.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cytologia/84/3/84_D-19-00040/_html/-char/en
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Su6fxJQ5q3o
Session 25
Self-incompatibility and male sterility in crop plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/IshitaDey2/self-incompatibility-and-male-sterility-83139397
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ANBC1rz7TQ
Session 26 (Practice-4)
Demonstration of cross hybridization process in selected plant species.https://peppergeek.com/plant-breeding-methods/
<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tpj.14678
">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tpj.14678
Session 27
Pureline & mass selection.
https://www.slideshare.net/OmPrakash484/selectionpureline-mass-method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p0vNzeUG3s
Session 28
session 29 (Practice-5)
To amplify the supplied DNA sample by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techrapd/
Session 30
Single seed descent & multiline method.
https://www.slideshare.net/KAUSHIKKUMARPANIGRAH/presentation-on-single-seed-descent-ssd-method
Session 31
Session 32
Session 33 (Practice-6)
To amplify the supplied DNA sample using SSR markershttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5219911/
http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/pbg/pbg-laboratory.html
Session 34
Molecular breeding (Marker assisted selection & Gene Pyramiding)
https://www.slideshare.net/bawonponchonnipat/molecular-breeding-v4-42982600
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3DtOOTkjRc
Session 35
Case Studies
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
BHAGYESWARI BEHERA
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, School of Applied Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management
VIEW PROFILEHave specialization in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. Qualified GATE and NET. Research interest in Biochemistry, Microbiology and taxonomy. Teaching expertise in subject Cell biology, molecular biology, Biochemistry, Genetics, Plant physiology and metabolism.