MYCOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Teacher
Dr. Pratibha Rani Deep
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name : Mycology and Phytopathology
Code(Credit) : CUTM1457 (3-2-1)
Course Objectives
- Understanding the principles of plant pathology and the application of principles in the control of plant disease.
- To understand of how human as well plant life is highly dependent upon the microbes present in environment.
- Gain knowledge on Fungi, their structure and function, their effect on living world, economic importance etc.
Learning Outcomes
- Will have thorough knowledge on the science of plant pathology such as causal agents of plant diseases, symptoms and diagnoses, modes of infection and spread, effects of the environment on disease development, and methods of disease control.
- Knowledge of the strategies used for conventional and novel control of plant diseases management with the help of molecular tools to understand these mechanisms and phenomena.
- Know about plant’s defense mechanisms against this diseases.
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Introduction to true fungi: General characteristics; Affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cell wall composition; Nutrition; Classification.
Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota: Characteristic features; Ecology and significance; Thallus organisation; Reproduction; Life cycle with reference to Synchytrium, Rhizopus.
Practice 1: Introduction to the world of fungi (Unicellular, coenocytic / septate mycelium, ascocarps & basidiocarps).
Practice 2:Rhizopus: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides.
Module-II
Ascomycota: General characteristics (asexual and sexual fruiting bodies); Ecology; Life cycle, Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; Life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Neurospora and Peziza.
Basidiomycota : General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and Classification with reference to black stem rust on wheat Puccinia (Physiological Specialization), loose and covered smut (symptoms only), Agaricus; Bioluminescence, Fairy Rings and Mushroom Cultivation.
Practice 3: Aspergillus and Penicillium: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts. Study of Sexual stage from permanent slides/photographs.
Practice 4: Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and temporary mounts
Practice 5:Peziza: sectioning through ascocarp.
Practice 6: Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberry leaves; sections/mounts of spores on wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts.
Practice 7: Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; sectioning of gills of Agaricus, fairy ringsand bioluminescent mushrooms to be shown.
Module-III
Allied Fungi: General characteristics; Status of Slime molds, Classification; Occurrence; Types of plasmodia; Types of fruiting bodies.
Oomycota: General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and classification with reference to
Phytophthora, Albugo.
Practice 8: Study of phaneroplasmodium from actual specimens and/or photograph. Study of Stemonitis sporangia.
Practice 9: Albugo: Study of symptoms of plants infected with Albugo; asexual phase study through section/ temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides
Module-IV
Symbiotic associations: Lichen–Occurrence; General characteristics; Growth forms and range of thallus organization; Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners; Reproduction; Mycorrhiza- Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza and their significance.
Practice 10:Lichens: Study of growth forms of lichens (crustose, foliose and fruticose) on different substrates. Study of thallus and reproductive structures (soredia and apothecium) through permanent slides. Mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza (Photographs)
Practice 11: Study of Mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza (Photographs)
Module-V
Applied Mycology: Role of fungi in biotechnology; Application of fungi in food industry (Flavour & texture, Fermentation, Baking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites(Pharmaceutical preparations); Agriculture (Bio-fertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides, Mycoherbicides, Mycoinsecticides, Myconematicides).
Module-VI
Phytopathology: Terms and concepts; General symptoms of diseases; Etiology; Host-Pathogen relationships; Disease cycle and environmental relation; prevention and control of plant diseases, and role of quarantine.
Module-VII
Bacterial diseases: Citrus canker and angular leaf spot of cotton. Viral diseases – Tobacco, Mosaic viruses. Fungal diseases – Early blight of potato, Black stem rust of wheat, White rust of crucifers.
Practice 12:Phytopathology: Herbarium specimens of bacterial diseases; Citrus Canker; Angular leaf spot of cotton, Viral diseases: TMV, Vein clearing, Fungal diseases: Early blight of potato, Black stem rust of wheat and White rust of crucifers.
Text Book:
Agrios, G.N. (1997) Plant Pathology, 4th edition, Academic Press, U.K.
Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.
Reference Book:
Webster, J. and Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 3rd edition.
Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.
Sharma, P.D. (2011). Plant Pathology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.
Session Plan
Session 1
Module I
Introduction to true fungi: General characteristics; Thallus organization;
https://www.slideshare.net/RajaRajeswariS/general-characteristics-of-fungi-109087786
https://plantscience247.blogspot.com/2019/01/thallus-organization-in-fungi.html
Session 2 (Practice 1)
Introduction to the world of fungi (Unicellular, coenocytic / septate mycelium, ascocarps & basidiocarps).
Session 3 (Assessment 1)
Affinities with plants and animals;
Session 4
Cell wall composition; Nutrition; Classification.
https://www.slideshare.net/AliaNajiha1/chap-2-fungal-cell
https://www.slideshare.net/gohilsanjay3/nutrition-in-fungi;
https://www.slideshare.net/AliaNajiha1/chap-1-classification-of-fungi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_BiwhIcI-M
Session 5
Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota:
Characteristic features: Ecology and significance; Thallus organisation;
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/botany/mycology/bot461/class/lecture3.html
Session 6
Reproduction; Life cycle with reference to Synchytrium,
http://download.ceris.purdue.edu/file/2462
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8B4dKDq49q0
Rhizopus.
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/olbrantz_chri/reproduction.htm
Session 7 (Practice 2)
Rhizopus: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides.
Session 8 (Assignment 2)
Module 2
Ascomycota: General characteristics
http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/ascomycota/ascomycota.htm
Session 9
Asexual and sexual fruiting bodies; Ecology; Life cycle,
https://www2.hawaii.edu/~johnb/micro/m140/syllabus/week/eucaryotes/fungi/ascomycota.html#TOC5
https://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/ascomycota/ascomycota-description.html
Session 10
Heterokaryosis and parasexuality
https://www.slideshare.net/vinodupadhyay14661/heterokaryosis-and-parasexuality
https://www.slideshare.net/RashmiYadav45/parasexuality-in-fungi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2FZx4rfGes&t=51s
Life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces:
Session 11
Life cycle and classification of Aspergillus,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ls4BVUQNTk
Life cycle and classification of Penicillium,
https://istudy.pk/penicillium/
Session 12 (Practice 3)
Aspergillus and Penicillium: study of asexual stage from temporary mounts. Study of Sexual stage from permanent slides/photographs.
Session 13
Life cycle and classification of Alternaria:
http://alternariamycology.blogspot.com/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaqXbnmah_c
Life cycle and classification of Neurospora:
Session 14 (Practice 4)
Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and temporary mounts
Session 15
Life cycle and classification of Peziza.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYWhu7q1i7k
Basidiomycota : General characteristics :
Session 16 (Practice 5)
Peziza: sectioning through ascocarp.
Session 17
Ecology; Life cycle, Classification with reference to black stem rust on wheat Puccinia
https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00273.x
https://istudy.pk/rust-of-wheat;
https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A415/welcome.html
Session 18 (Practice 6)
Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of Black Stem Rust of Wheat and infected Barberry leaves; sections/mounts of spores on wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts.
Session 20 (Assessment 3)
Session 22
Session 23 (Practice 7)
Agaricus: Specimens of button stage and full grown mushroom; sectioning of gills of Agaricus, fairy ringsand bioluminescent mushrooms to be shown.
Session 24
Module 3
Allied Fungi:
General characteristics:
https://open.oregonstate.education/microbiology/chapter/5-3fungi/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hws8NXySjPM
Status of Slime molds:
Session 26
Types of plasmodia;
https://www.fungimag.com/spring-08-articles/keller-low-res.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=266Ugz0J9JQ
Types of fruiting bodies. :
Session 27 (Practice 8)
Study of phaneroplasmodium from actual specimens and /or photograph. Study of Stemonitis sporangia.
Session 28
Oomycota: General characteristics:Ecology:
https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/disandpath/oomycete/introduction/Pages/IntroOomycetes.aspx
Session 29
Life cycle and classification with reference to Phytophthora, Albugo.
http://www.phytophthoradb.org/pdf/O18Tooley.pdf;
http://forestphytophthoras.org/phytophthora-basics
Session 30 (Practice 9)
Albugo: Study of symptoms of plants infected with Albugo; asexual phase study through section/ temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides.
Session 31
Module 4
Symbiotic associations: Lichen–Occurrence;
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Sydowia_57_0120-0130.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q96qKArCGe4
Growth forms and range of thallus organization;
https://www.kcesmjcollege.in/ICT/Botany/Range%20of%20thallus%20in%20Algae.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03FqOzl_lt4
Nature of associations of algal and fungal partners:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6634985/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQ_ZY57MY64&list=PLsVHaHuAsTSnBT8XzV0Iblb_M8Z_zT3gG
Session 32 (Assignment 5)
General characteristics of lichen
Session 33 (Practice 10)
Lichens: Study of growth forms of lichens (crustose, foliose and fruticose) on different substrates. Study of thallus and reproductive structures (soredia and apothecium) through permanent slides.
Session 34
Session 35
Endomycorrhiza and their significance:
https://www.slideshare.net/RitaSomPaul/ecto-and-endomycorrhizae-and-their-significance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMKEa_aFp-M
Applied Mycology: Role of fungi in biotechnology;
https://www.slideshare.net/sreeremyasasi/role-of-fungi-in-biomethanation-process
Session 36 (Assignment 6)
Module 5
Application of fungi in food industry:
https://www.slideshare.net/SouradeepTruly/applications-of-fungi
Session 37
Session 38 (Assessment 7)
Session 39 (Assessment 8)
Session 40
Mycoproteins:
https://www.slideshare.net/MariyaRaju/mycoproteins-76682098
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Tq9rWG8n54&t=15s
Secondary metabolites (Pharmaceutical preparations);
https://www.slideshare.net/Thirusangu/secondary-metabolites-49723653
Session 41 (Assignment 9)
Session 43
Mycofungicides:
https://www.slideshare.net/zarreenasiddiqui/biological-control-75356886
Mycoherbicides;
https://www.slideshare.net/vikrantmehta33/bioherbicides
Myconematicides:
Session 44
Phytopathology: Terms and concepts;
https://www.slideshare.net/ajuna1234/introduction-to-plant-pathology-88703653
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWpIhc1g8is
Module 6
General symptoms of diseases:
Session 45 (Assignment 10)
Session 46
Etiology; Host-Pathogen relationships;
https://www.slideshare.net/JAYAKRISHNANK9/plant-diseases-70573937
Session 47
Disease cycle and environmental relation;
https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/tgtre/article/1994aug8b.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xi4Q0AvJha4
prevention and control of plant diseases:
http://www.tilthalliance.org/learn/resources-1/almanac/may/plant-disease-prevention
Role of quarantine:
https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/Web_version/174/ch09.htm
Session 48
Module 7
Bacterial diseases: Citrus canker:
https://www.slideshare.net/gohilsanjay3/citrus-canker-ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zAqwzMBrVY
Angular leaf spot of cotton:
https://www.slideshare.net/YunusKhan48/angular-leaf-spot-of-cotton-140722551
Session 49 (Practice 11)
Mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza (Photographs)
Session 50
Viral diseases – Tobacco Mosaic viruses.:
https://www.slideshare.net/BhimsenKumar2/tobacco-mosaic-virus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jeLef2pg3M
Fungal diseases – Early blight of potato:
https://www.slideshare.net/RamyaS96/late-blight-of-potato-88885364
Session 51
Black stem rust of wheat:
https://www.slideshare.net/rishi0/black-stem-rust-of-wheat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKY_pelBZek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpSmiGsaecE
White rust of crucifers:
https://www.slideshare.net/RajbirSingh7/white-rust-of-crucifers
Session 52 (Practice 12)
Herbarium specimens of bacterial diseases; Citrus Canker; Angular leaf spot of cotton.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEoblNLr9fU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQVglUr1tic
Herbarium specimens of Viral diseases: TMV, Vein clearing, Early blight of potato
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBg3jEbKeNQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfBIZAs3STo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa2FvsH7my8
Fungal diseases: Black stem rust of wheat; White rust of crucifers.
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Pratibha Rani Deep
Assisstant Professor in Botany, School of Applied Science, ( Bolangir Campus)
VIEW PROFILEDr. Pratibha R. Deep works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha India. She has received her M.Sc. (Botany) from Gangadhar Meher College (presently University), Sambalpur, India. She qualified GATE twice 2007 and 2012. She did her MTech in Applied Botany from IIT Kharagpur, […]