OCULAR DISEASES

Objective
1. This course deals with various ocular diseases affecting various parts of the eyes.
2. It covers clinical signs and symptoms, cause, pathophysiological mechanism,
diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis and management aspects of the ocular
diseases

Learning outcome
At the end of the course the students will be knowledgeable in the following aspects of
ocular diseases: knowledge on
1. Etiology
2. Epidemiology
3. Symptoms
4. Signs
5. Course sequelae of ocular diseases
6. Diagnostic approach, and
7. Management of the ocular
diseases.

Syllabus

Module 1 (12hrs)
Retina and Vitreous: Applied Anatomy , Congenital and Developmental Disorders ( Optic Disc:
Coloboma , Drusen, Hypoplasia, Medullated nerve fibers; Persistent Hyaloids Artery)
,Inflammatory disorders ( Retinitis : Acute purulent , Bacterial, Virus, mycotic) ,Retinal Vacuities
(Eales’s), Retinal Artery Occlusion ( Central retinal Artery occlusion) , Retinal Vein occlusion
(Ischemic, Non Ischemic , Branch retinal vein occlusion)
411
Module 2 (6 hrs)
Retinal degenerations: Retinitis Pigmentosa, Lattice degenerations, Macular disorders: Solar
retinopathy, central serous retinopathy, cystoid macular edema, Age related macular degeneration,
Retinal Detachment: Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, Exudative), Retinoblastoma
Module 3(6 hours)
Ocular Injuries: Terminology: Closed globe injury (contusion, lamellar laceration) Open globe
injury (rupture, laceration, penetrating injury, perforating injury), Mechanical injuries (Extra
ocular foreign body, blunt trauma, perforating injury, sympathetic ophthalmitis), Non Mechanical
Injuries (Chemical injuries, Thermal, Electrical, Radiational), Clinical approach towards ocular
injury patients.
Module 4 (12 hrs)
Lens: Applied Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical examination, Classification of cataract,
Congenital and Developmental cataract, Acquired (Senile, Traumatic, Complicated, Metabolic,
Electric, radiational, Toxic), Morphological: Capsular, Sub capsular, Cortical, Supra nuclear,
Nuclear, Polar, Management of cataract (Non-surgical and surgical measures; preoperative
evaluation, Types of surgeries,), Complications of cataract surgery.
Displacement of lens: Subluxation, Displacement, Lens coloboma, Lenticonus, Microsperophakia.
Module 5(6 hrs)
Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology: Anatomy of visual pathway, Lesions of the visual pathway,
Pupillary reflexes and abnormalities (Amaurotic light reflex, Efferent pathway defect, Wernicke’s
hemianopic pupil, Marcus Gunn pupil. Argyll Robertson pupil, Adie’s tonic pupil), Optic neuritis,
Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy, Papilledema, optic atrophy
Module-6 (6hrs)
Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology: Cortical blindness, Malingering, Nystagmus, Clinical
examination.
Module 7 (9 hours)
412
Glaucoma : Applied anatomy and physiology of anterior segment, Clinical Examination,
Definition and classification of glaucoma, Pathogenesis of glaucomatous ocular damage,
Congenital glaucoma ,Primary open angle glaucoma ,Ocular hypertension , Normal Tension
Glaucoma , Primary angle closure glaucoma ( Primary angle closure suspect, Intermittent
glaucoma, acute congestive, chronic angle closure) , Secondary Glaucoma ,Management :
common medications, laser intervention and surgical technique
Projects:
1. Presentation on various retinal pathology conditions using fundus images.
2. Presentation on Visual Pathway, Lesions and associated field defects.
3. Diagrammatic demonstration on Dynamics of Aqueous Humour Outflow.
4. Presentation on Grading of Cataractous Lens

Session 1

Introduction to retina and vitreous