Ocular Microbiology and Pathology

Teacher

G. Indu Priya

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Course Name : Ocular Microbiology and Pathology

Code(Credit) : CUTM 1789(3-1-0)

Introduction 

Ocular Microbiology is the study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that infect the eye and its surrounding structures. These microbes can cause conditions such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, and uveitis. Understanding the type of pathogen and its mode of infection is essential for effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vision-threatening diseases.

Course Objective:

  •     Equip optometry students with essential knowledge and skills in microbiology and pathology to accurately identify and understand various ocular disorders.
  •     Train technicians to apply correct procedures in laboratory investigations, ensuring accurate interpretation of tests in relation to the underlying pathology.
  • Develop an understanding of the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of various investigations, enabling technicians to make informed decisions in their practice.

 Course Content

 

Module 1:

 Introduction to Microbiology and Microbial Growth

  •     Introduction to Microbiology

o   Types of Microorganisms

o   Physiology of Microorganisms

  •     Microbial Growth and Control

o   Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism, and Energy

o   Microbial Growth

o   Sterilization and Disinfection in the Laboratory

o   Control of Microbial Growth (Antimicrobial Methods and Chemotherapy)

o   Microbes vs. Humans: Infection Development, Disease Process, Pathogenicity, and Virulence

Module 2:

General Pathology and Ocular Infections

  •     General Pathology Principles

o   Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis

o   Ocular Infections

o   Pathology of Cornea and Conjunctiva

o   Pathology of Uvea and Glaucoma

o   Pathology of Retina

Module 3:

Ocular Bacteriology

  •     Gram-Positive Bacteria

o   Staphylococcus aureus

o   Staphylococcus epidermis

o   Streptococcus

o   Propionic Bacterium

o   Actinomyces

o   Nocardia

  •     Gram-Negative Bacteria

o   Pseudomonas

o   Haemophilus

o   Brucella

o   Neisseria

o   Moraxella

Module 4:

Pathology and Systemic Disease Impact on Eyes

  •     Pathology Related to Systemic Diseases

o   Pathology of Retina in Systemic Diseases/Disorders

o   Pathology of Eyelids and Adnexa

o   Pathology of Orbital Space-Occupying Lesions

  •     Specific Pathologies

o   Pathology of the Optic Nerve

o   Retinoblastoma

o   Pathology of Lens

Module 5:

Microbial and Parasitic Infections Affecting Eyes

  •     Spirochetes and Virology

o   Treponema

o   Leptospiraceae

o   Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease

o   Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV

  •     Fungi and Parasites

o   Yeasts

o   Filamentous and Dimorphic Fungi

o   Intracellular Parasites (Chlamydia)

o   Protozoa (Toxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba)

o   Helminths (Toxocariasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Trematodes)

 

Reference Books:

 

1)    Microbiology: M J Pelczaretal., 1999

 

1)    BURTON G.R.W: Microbiology for the Health Sciences, St. Louis, J.P. Lippincott Co.,3rdEdn.,1988.

2)    Pathology: CORTON KUMAR AND ROBINS (V EDITION) Pathological Basis of the Disease, 2004.

3)    Pathology of the eye & orbit: K S Ratnagar, 1997

4)    MACKIE &Mc CARTNEY Practical Medical Microbiology

5)    SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD & ELLEN JO BARON: Diagnostic Microbiology (DM)

6)    Sherris Medical Microbiology- Editors Kenneth J Ryan /C.George Ray :An Introduction to InfectiousDiseases 4th Edition 2003

7)    CORTON KUMAR AND ROBINS (IV EDITION) : Pathological Basis of the Disease, 1994

8)    S R Lakhani Susan AD & Caroline JF: Basic Pathology: An introduction to the mechanism of disease, 1993.

 Session 1

Introduction to Microbiology and Microbial Growth

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1COKTRfyu2pazpLo83IsU6JnmPSKq06iI/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

 

Session 2

 Physiology of Microorganisms

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1v7GDDBh4u4EDHGq7vDuKuS8LJtG5AbQu/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 3, 4, 5

Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism, and Energy

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1v7GDDBh4u4EDHGq7vDuKuS8LJtG5AbQu/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 6, 7

 Microbial Growth

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1v7GDDBh4u4EDHGq7vDuKuS8LJtG5AbQu/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

  Session 8,9

Sterilization and Disinfection in the Laboratory

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1eyTBWYftu5cv8dDP2ZnUdpIKkSYw8TzM/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

 Session 10,11

Control of Microbial Growth (Antimicrobial Methods and Chemotherapy)

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1v7GDDBh4u4EDHGq7vDuKuS8LJtG5AbQu/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 12,13

Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis

Instructor’s PPThttps://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1QUSDfwkZddYyuRhF4UlONU2ig4BSVs_D

Session 14, 15

Ocular Infection

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1J01bxr4v1_8fwHhbeyUIlOPIwkNh0heS/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 16,17

Pathology of Cornea and Conjunctiva

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/15M6DPxGzkBWimIuFY8P1ogSwyzlkaTMG/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

 Session 18,19

Pathology of Uvea and Glaucoma

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1dElGwssUNiq-vdLSFyZzMiTpUO_kI1hS/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 20

 Pathology of Uvea and Glaucoma

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1KlDZY7JZzZd3skaggMYfb3wcr33FwUxe/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 21 , 22

  Staphylococcus aureus

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hwr-SGjbeJ58zszuuwZ8F5_qjZRgghd1/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 23,24

  Staphylococcus epidermis

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1EqHoJxAXco1FuWj-9PYR8ixPoaRaPCT7/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

 Session 25,26

Propionic Bacterium

Instructor’s PPThttps://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1QUSDfwkZddYyuRhF4UlONU2ig4BSVs_D

Session 27,28

Actinomyces

Instructor’s PPT https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1QUSDfwkZddYyuRhF4UlONU2ig4BSVs_D

Session 29,30

 Nocardia

Instructor’s PPT https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1QUSDfwkZddYyuRhF4UlONU2ig4BSVs_D

session 31

  Pseudomonas,   Haemophilus

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fTf54erSn02ZrKS0OIWjRHqvekRlIC8G/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 33,34

Brucella,  Neisseria

Instructor’s PPThttps://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ECZT7clT9dmwRws_QjCXRATovRRP3yxH/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 35,36

Pathology of Retina in Systemic Diseases/Disorders

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1TmvjyVOS72EGfOzOhnc5ytQeCMjTeUAl/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p

 Session 37,38

Pathology of Eyelids and Adnexa

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YKLQ20vtK4YRN_gFj98BnA4VTUJgwt_r/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

 

Session 39,40

 Pathology of Orbital Space-Occupying Lesions

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nrWYM8d-MRd21NNozDLLDKs_PUUky551/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

    Session 41,42

Pathology of Orbital Space-Occupying Lesions

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nrWYM8d-MRd21NNozDLLDKs_PUUky551/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p1

Session 43,44

Helminths (Toxocariasis, Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Trematodes)

Instructor’s PPT https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ZaDgGs-f15Wkz534EC-cS_VDm35zyWg5/edit?slide=id.p1#slide=id.p

Course Syllabus

OCULAR MICROBIOLOGY and PATHOLOGY

Module-1:                                                                                               8hrs

Introduction to Microbiology :Types of Microorganisms, Physiology of Microorganisms –Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism and energy, Microbial Growth, Sterilization and disinfection in the laboratory ,Control of Microbial Growth – Antimicrobial methods and Chemotherapy, Microbes versus Humans- The development of Infection, the disease process, pathogenicity and virulence.

Module-2:                                                                                                 8hrs

General Pathology : Principles ,Pathophysiology of Ocular Angiogenesis , Ocular Infections,Pathology of cornea and Conjunctiva , Pathology of Uvea, Glaucoma Retina

Module-3 :                                                                                                  8hrs

Ocular Bacteriology-Gram positive,(Staphylococcus auras, Staphylococcus epidermis,Streptococcus, propionic bacterium, actinomycesNocardia) Bacteria including acid fast bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Myobacteriumleprae)

Module-4:                                                                                                  6hrs

Ocular Bacteriology - Gram negative Bacteria (pseudomonas, haemophiilus, Brucella, Neisseria, Moraxella) .

Module-5                                                                                                  6hrs

Pathology of retina in systemic disease/disorders ,Pathology of eyelids and adnexa, Pathology of orbital space occupying lesions

Module-6                                                                                                  8hrs

Spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospiraceae),Virology: Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease, Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV. ,

Fungi : Yeasts, Filamentous, Dimorphic ,Intracellular parasites - Chlamydia, Protozoa (Taxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba,) Helminths ( Toxocariasis , Filariasis , Onchocerciasis , Trematodes )

Module-7                                                                                                    2hrs

Pathology of the optic nerve, Retinoblastoma,Pathology of Lens .

Session Plan

Session 1

Session 2

Physiology of Microorganisms –Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism and energy: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3xIOvoevU4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5soSpVWMT8

Session 3

Session 4:     2hrs

Session 5 :

Control of Microbial Growth – Antimicrobial methods and Chemotherapy:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oukHcpQoXM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUiVDggkzZM

Session 6 :         2hrs

Microbes versus Humans- The development of Infection, the disease process, pathogenicity and virulence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMH0nNITX3U

Session 7:      2hrs 

Session :8     2hrs

Session:  9               2hrs 

Ocular Infections:Pathology of cornea and Conjunctiva :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydKbESsC3es

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mtk8ooQPI9U

Session 10

Session 11

Session 12 : 

Ocular Bacteriology-Gram positive:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZS2wb7pMo4

Session- 13     2hrs

Staphylococcus auras, Staphylococcus epidermis:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0D2mKmUvxPc

Session 14    :       3hrs

Streptococcus:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAtu6uNUZyY

propionic bacterium:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lfKbjDctF0

actinomycesNocardia:

Session 15 :

Bacteria including acid fast bacilli: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyTekFxyVeY

Session 16:

Session :17

Ocular Bacteriology - Gram negative Bacteria

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWASSXDzHRs

Session 18               2hrs

Session : 19          3hrs 

Session :20                 2hrs

Session 21 :                        2hrs

Pathology of eyelids and adnexa

Session 22 :                          2hrs

Pathology of orbital space occupying lesions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKEA4p5k66U

Session: 24              2hrs

Spirochetes (Treponema, Leptospiraceae),

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG1gEZD3_L8

Session :25                     3hrs

Virology: Classification of Viruses in Ocular Disease, Rubella, Adenovirus, Oncogenic Viruses (HPV, HBV, EBV, Retroviruses), HIV. ,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ&list=PL5lHe_3BHEka0875fY_eS_YS-wcs89uZr

Session : 26                               3hrs

Fungi : Yeasts, Filamentous, Dimorphic ,Intracellular parasites - Chlamydia,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POMmQ4pq_7U

Session 27 :              2hrs

Protozoa (Taxoplasmosis, Acanthamoeba,) Helminths ( Toxocariasis , Filariasis , Onchocerciasis , Trematodes )

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2lT_00KAgs

Session : 28            2hrs

Pathology of the optic nerve,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETIp8kZPoBw

Session 29:            2hrs 

Session 30 :                          2hrs

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G. Indu Priya

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