Basics Of Hydrocarbons

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Tikina Mishra

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Subject Name:-Basics Of Hydrocarbons

Code(Credit)-CUTM1471(3-2-1)

Course Objective

  • The general concept of this course is to train students the fundamental laboratory skill extraction, purification and separation techniques with some simple organic preparations.

  • This helps students to gain experience to predict the functional group transformations,simple reaction mechanisms, and the synthesis of organic molecules by multi-step synthesis strategies

Course outcome

COs Course outcomes Mapping Cos with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1)
CO1 ·         Students will have a firm knowledge in the fundamentals and application of current chemicals and scientific theory including those in Analytical, Inorganic, Organic and physical chemistries

 

 PO1(3)
CO2 ·         Research and Problem solving by predicting the functional group transformations, simple reaction mechanism, and the synthesis of organic molecules by multistep synthesis strategies PO2(3)
CO3 ·         Design and development of Scientific experiments as well as accurately record and analyze the results of such experiments

 

 PO3(2), PO4(1)
CO5 ·         Investigation, judgement and communication to explore new areas of research in both chemistry and allied fields of science and technology

 

 PO3(2), PO5(1), PO7(1)

Course Syllabus

MODULE - I

Basics of Organic Chemistry:

Organic Compounds: Classification, and Nomenclature, Hybridization, Shapes of molecules, Influence of hybridization on bond properties.Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications. Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative strength.

Practice-1 : Calibration Of a Thermometer

Assignment-1 : Organic Compounds,Electronic Displacements.

Assignment-2 : Electronic Displacements, Organic acids and bases; their relative strength

MODULE - II

Reaction Intermediate:

Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules, formal charges; Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophlicity and basicity. Types, shape and their relative stability of Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals and Carbenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions.

Practice-2 : Methods of purification of organic compounds.

Assignment-3 : Reaction Intermediate

Assignment-4 : Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism.

MODULE – III

Chemistry of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions.Free radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity.

Practice-3 : Determination of the melting points of above compounds and unknown organic compounds (Kjeldahl method and electrically heated melting point)

Practice-4 : Effect of impurities on the melting point - mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds.

MODULE – IV

Carbon-Carbon pi bonds:

Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions.Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti-Markownikoff addition). Mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation) 1,2-and 1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and, Diels-Alder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene. Reactions of alkynes: Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds, Alkylation of terminal alkynes.

Practice-5 : Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (boiling point lower than and more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method)

Practice-6 : Separation of Amino acids by TLC

Assignment-5 : Elimination and Substitution reaction

Assignment-6 : Alkene,Reaction of Alkene

MODULE - V

Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation. Electrophilic aromatic substitution: Friedel-Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects of the groups.

Practice-7 : Detection of N,S,Cl,Br and I in organic compound.

Practice-8 : Test for Hydrocarbon.

Assignment-7 : Reactions of alkynes, Aromaticity, Electrophilic aromatic substitution.

MODULE - VI                                    

Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis:

Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory. Conformation analysis of alkanes. Relative stability: Energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms; Relative stability with energy diagrams.

Practice-9:Preparation of Methane

Practice-10:Preparation of Ethene

Assignment-8 : Cycloalkanes

MODULE - VII

Stereochemistry:

Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions.  Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres. Distereoisomers, meso structures, racemic mixture and resolution. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations.

Practice-11 : Preparation of Ethyne

Practice-12 : Preparation of cyclohexane from cyclohexanol

Assignment-9 : Conformation analysis of alkanes,Relative stability,Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their inter conversions .

Assignment-10 : Stereochemistry.

Text Books:

1. University Chemistry, Vol. II, U.N Ojha and K.K Ojha, Himalaya Publishing House

2.Modern College Chemistry, Y.R Sharma and K.D Sharma, Kalyani Publishers

 Reference Books:

1.Morrison, Boyd and Bhattacharjee, Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition, Pearson.

2.Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism, New Age International, 2005.

3.Eliel, E. L. & amp; Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.

Session Plan

Session 1

Classification and nomenclature of organic compound

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/JO8w_BnX-w4?t=301

Ref. Video:-Introduction To IUPAC Nomenclature

Slide:-classification of organic chemistry

Hybridization

You tube video 1:-https://youtu.be/JO8w_BnX-w4?t=301

You tube video 2 :-https://youtu.be/J9oNPj_GAws?t=429

Slide:-Hybridization

Session 2

Shapes of molecules

You tube video 1:-https://youtu.be/Y5SYo7SR8uM?t=91

You tube video 2: https://youtu.be/NiEDdChz-kk?t=362

Slide:-Shapes of Molecules

Influence of Hybridization in bond properties

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/6-nyD5bhFuk

Session 3

Inductive effect

You tube Vedio 1:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_2OJM1eEuk

You tube Vedio 2:https://youtu.be/QzrMCRNO8wQ?t=5

Slide:-Inductive effect

Electromeric  effect

You tube Video 1:-https://youtu.be/upLuPM3jKvs?t=198

You tube Vedio 2:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7qGmDdlrUk

Slide:-Electromeric effect

Session-4

Assignment-1(Flip Class)1 Hour

Organic Compounds:-Naming Organic Compounds

Electronic Displacements:-Inductive and elecromeric reaction

Session 5

Resonance  effect

You tube Video:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWUvEELItJ

Ref video:-What is resonance

Mesomeric  effect

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/OZcvBJIFTOk?t=146

Slide:-Mesomeric

Session 6

Hyperconjuction and its application

You tube video 1:-https://youtu.be/1FrCvtRng8g?t=383

You tube video 2:-https://youtu.be/Oa-yZGz2AdY?t=83

Slide:-Hyper-conjugation

Dipole moment

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXYcTR6RiQM

Organic acids and bases and their relative strength

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/m8mmMiNGILo

Slide:-Organic acid and bas

Session-7

Practice-1(2 Hours)

Calibration Of a Thermometer

https://youtu.be/JctogBAOykQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFiSaJ4qGZ0

Session-8

Assignment-2(Flip Class)1 Hour

Electronic Displacements, Organic acids and bases; their relative strength:-Mesomeric,Resonance,Hyerconjuction,acid and base

Session 9

Homolytic and heterolytic fission with suitable example

You tube Video 1:-https://youtu.be/7BdWw1_SjT0

You tube Video 2:-https://youtu.be/7yS-m-Fts6M?t=317

Curly arrow rules in organic chemistry

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z2yk8yxv08

Formal charges organic chemistry

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2l-76VP8s0

Session 10

Electrophiles and nucleophiles in organic chemistry

You tube vedio-http://electrophiles and nucleophiles in organic chemistry

Nucleophilicity and basicity in organic chemistry

You tube video-https://youtu.be/3vyeQ8DC_D8?t=210

video:-https://youtu.be/Mx7KM-k2MMo?t=191

Session 11

Types,shape and their relative stability of carbocation-

Video:-https://youtu.be/VH0ciDED3wM
Slide:-Carbocations stability

Carbanions

Video:-https://youtu.be/gf8oZq-NUSA?t=397

Slide:-Carbanions

Free redicals and carbenes

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daQQRybnbL4
Slide:-Carbenes

Session-12

Assignment-3(Flip class)1 Hour

Reaction Intermediate:-Reaction intermediate

Session 13

Introduction to type of organic reaction and their mechanism

You tube Video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zw2froU3NF4

Slide:-Organic reactions and mechanisms

Addition

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G1NXYZKGL0

Substitution

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G1NXYZKGL0

Ellimination

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G1NXYZKGL0

Session-14

Assignment-4(Flip Class)1 Hour

Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism:-organic reaction and their mechanism

Session 15

Practice-2 (2 Hours)

Methods of purification of organic compounds.

https://youtu.be/JctogBAOykQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfWnDGDWWVI

Session 16

Preparation of Alkanes

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW8RI4P3-Rg

Slide:-Preparation of alkanes

Wurtz reaction

you tube video 1:- https://youtu.be/PZ7WUagCiX8

you tube video 2:-https://youtu.be/Em4fascApio

Wurtz fitting reaction

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/T-O7vUGGuik

Session 17

Free radical substitution

You tube video :-https://youtu.be/Em4fascApio

Halogenation

You tube video :-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HgzsltWwK8

Relative reactivity and selectivity

You tube Video 1:-https://youtu.be/1ApoO32zg3Q?t=48

You tube video 2:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCBUWrvAubI 

Slide:-Halogenation of alkanes

Session 18

Practice-3(2 Hours)

Determination of the melting points of above compounds and unknown organic compounds (Kjeldahl method and electrically heated melting point)

https://youtu.be/nQNaTfqXECk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQNaTfqXECk

Session 19

Practice-4(2 Hours)

Effect of impurities on the melting point - mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHgWKsaIHl4

Session 20

Prepation of Alkenes and alkynes Ellimination Process

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbDWBeRJboE

Mechanism of E1,E2,E1cb reaction

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2W1gBWA7g8

Slide:-Preparation of alkenes

slide:-Ellimination process

Session 21

Saytzeff and Hoffmann rules

You tube Vedio:-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LQ8jdKZTEo&t=1017s

Markovnikov and Anti-markovnikov rule

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8ILchBe-PU

Session-22

Assignment-5(Flip Class)1 Hour

Session 23

Oxymercuration de- murcuration

You tube video 1:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Vajk_qxVH4

You tube video 2:-https://youtu.be/b7Qj-QZR9Ck

Hydroboration Oxidation

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/ul4Tp_4AwgQ?t=37

Video link:-https://youtu.be/I-pmeHcjD8M

Session 24

Ozonolysis of alkenes

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/eUlQ-wfTQ1A

Slide:-Ozonolysisof alkenes

Reduction of alkenes

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/RdFfIEDxo18

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/o9dCNUd45OQ

Oxidation of alkenes

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/VYGhQQYYK_g

Slide:-Hydrogenation

Session 25

Syn hydroxylation

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIfiXNirnjY

Anti hydroxylation

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/cYRMSXdJAPY

Session 26

Electrophilic adition in conjugated Diene,1,2 addition,1,4 addition

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/A3MI73VbIq0

Diels-alder reaction

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9KGlRNgnbE

Slide:-Diels-alder

Allylic and benzylic bromination

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/UPQxEJkaUiI

Session-27

Assignment-6(Flip Class) 1 Hour

Question:-alkene

MCQ:-mcq of alkene

Reaction of alkenes:-reaction of alkenes

Session 28

Electrophilic addition reaction

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM76OPaKls4

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XqhhETwkR4

Neuclophilic addition reaction

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/kejNmnKKJc8

Slide:-Addition reaction

Session 29

Hydraction to form Carbonyl compounds

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/Q1-8VQHKLIg

Alkination of Terminal Alkynes

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJFQ2l5OZ14

Alkyne Acidity

you tube Video:-https://youtu.be/_-I3HdmyYfE

Session 30

Practice-5(2 Hours)

Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds. (boiling point lower than and more than 100 °C by distillation and capillary method)

https://youtu.be/kAdEb2kTDB8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b5Ha-8QGhY

Session 31

Practice-6(2 Hours)

Separation of Amino acids by TLC

https://youtu.be/BLg6w7Vyq-4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDaKxskUwA0

Session 32

Huckel’s rule

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/ieSyIxEm-iE

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaBI3lAACKg&t=3s

Aromatic character of arenes

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/lYjfT8bodzg

Session 33

Cyclic carbocations/carbanions

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/2mGhkk4qZoA

Heterocyclic compound

You tube vedio:-https://youtu.be/MNg-iTpQCaU

Electrophilic aromatic substitution halogenation,nitration,sulphonation

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rltstCnI

Session-34

Assignment-7(Flip Class)1 Hour

Reactions of alkynes:-alkynes,question of alkynes

Aromaticity,Electrophilic aromatic substitution:-Aromaticity

Session 35

Friedel craft reaction

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/OawUZ8EVFSE

Directive effect of groups

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWEzlnKns_Q

Session 36

Practice-7(2 Hours)

Detection of N,S,Cl,Br and I in organic compound.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niQUmj8b4CI

Session 38

Practice-8(2 Hours)

Test for Hydrocarbon

https://youtu.be/9FNNoeuSVK0

Session 39

Types of cycloalkanes and their stability

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0QJdfJku9w

Slide:-Cycloalkanes

Baeyer strain theory

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/NI5e2G55sUY

Session-40

Assignment-8(Flip Class) 1 Hour

Cycloalkanes :-cycloalkanes,Friedel craft

Session 41

Conformation analysis of alkanes

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxXVcVbkKyc

Chair and Boat Formation

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/p9NzhA3E-70

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/YUEkOBvJSNg

Ref Video:-Chair conformation

Boat and Twist Boat Formation

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/YUEkOBvJSNg

SLIDE:-Conformation alanalysis of cyclohexane

Relative Stability of Cyclohexane

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/X1Rer-2dTkA

Session 42

Practice-9(2 Hours)

Preparation of Methane

https://youtu.be/tdFLvCTBJ0o

Session 43

Practice-10(2 Hours)

Preparation of Ethene

https://youtu.be/Q2X3bvThK_A

https://youtu.be/3B27qhVV9WM

Session 44

Fischer projection

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-V0e9ex8iHQ

Video Link:-Fischer Projection

Newman projection

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfq8_1qyTmo

Video link:-Newman Projection

Sawhorse projection

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so9UDg60wVQ

Inter conversion

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_obE4YAVJS4

Slide:-Stereo Chemistry,Stereo Chemistry

Session-45

Assignment-9(Flip Class) 1 Hour

Conformation analysis of alkanes:- conformation analysis,conformation,oxford university

Relative stability:-Leah4sci

Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions :-Leah4sci

Session 46

Cis-trans Isomer

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjtzMQDdyuM

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy8RtZMu_70

Ref Video:-CIS trans

Sys-anti Isomer

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAYrumBFWc0

E/Z notation with c.i.p rule

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/dgD0jXR5fOU

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/qGeMpxRe2yc

Session 47

Optical activity

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LdFePZHAyY

Specific rotation

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzdYqLO9OY8

Video link:-Specific Rotation

Chirality/asymmetry

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS-iAuCIexk

Session 48

Enantiomers

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paEjN_KWf_w

Molecules with two or more Chiral centers

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gz9Xk39u1r4

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KztTL3FTcOw

Session 49

Distereoisomers

You tube video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23-dfkwKCcg
You tube video:-https://youtu.be/6_OmNqqCVvo

Meso structures

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK5lbHf1Rlg

Racemic mixture

You tube video:-https://youtu.be/AWGsigEOHC0

Resolution

You tube Video:-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZywCg3y0Pg

Session 50

Relative and absolute configuration

D/L designation

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/yodnTZyhpmY

R/S  designation

You tube Video:-https://youtu.be/tdQOczlj7VA?t=84

Video link:-R/S Configuration

Session-51

Assignment-10(Flip Class) 2 Hours

Stereo Chemistry:-StereoChemistry

Session 52

Practice-11(2 Hours)

Preparation of Ethyne

https://youtu.be/BoQ6d3_hu8o

Session 53

Practice-12(2 Hours)

Preparation of cyclohexane from cyclohexanol

https://youtu.be/09CDqovJgKA

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