PATHOPHYSIOLOGY By Rupali Rupasmita Rout

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Pathophysiology Theory(2nd Sem)

Pathophysiology Theory(2nd Sem)

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Rupali Rupasmita Rout

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Core Courses

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Course Name: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Code(Credit): BPHT1204( 4-0-0 )

Course Objective:

Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease producing causes.This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also toget baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and effectively.

COURSE OUTCOMES:

COs Statements
CO-1 Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states.
CO-2 Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases.
CO-3 Able to apply basic principles of cell injury and inflammation in understanding various diseases.
CO-4 To get skill in analysing various pathophysiological changes in major systems of human body and correlate with diseases.
CO-5 Able to correlate relation between pathophysiology and clinical skills.

COs & POs MAPPING:

SNO                                                  COs COs & POs

MAPPING

1 Describe the aetiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states. PO1,PO2,PO6,PO7,PO11
2 Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases. PO1, PO6,PO7
3 Able to apply basic principles of cell injury and inflammation in understanding various diseases. PO1,PO2,PO6,PO7
4 To get skill in analysing various pathophysiological changes in major systems of human body and correlate with diseases. PO1,PO2, PO3
5 Able to correlate relation between pathophysiology and clinical skills. PO1,PO2,PO3,PO11

Course content:
Unit I 

Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems,Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance
Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of
Inflammation,Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s,Mediators of inflammation,Basic principles of wound healing in the skin,Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Unit II 

Cardiovascular System:
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure.

Unit III

Haematological Diseases:
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders:
depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer

Unit IV

Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver
disease. Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
Diseases of bones and joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout
Principles of Cancer: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer

Unit V

Infectious diseases: Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract
infections. Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

SESSION:1

Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems

Intro.PATHO

Session 2: 

Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage)

CELL INJURY(causes and pathogenesis)

Session 3:

Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia)

CELLULAR ADAPTATION

Session 4:

Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification,  Acidosis &Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance

CALCIFICATION

ACIDOSIS ,ALKALOISIS & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE.UD

INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION.UD

CELL SWELLING-UD

Session 5:

Enzyme leakage  & Cell Death

ENZYME LEAKAGE. UD

CELL DEATH.UD

Session 6: 

Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation

INTRODUCTION OF INFLAMMATION.UD

Session 7:

Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation

MECHANISM OF INFLAMMATION.UD

Session 8:

Basic principles of wound healing in the skin

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF WOUND HEALING PROCESS.UD

Session 9:

Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Session 10: 

Cardiovascular System: Hypertension

HYPERTENSION

Session 11: 

congestive heart failure

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Session 12: 

ischemic heart disease: Angina

ANGINA PECTORIS

Session 13: 

Myocardial infarction

MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION

Session 14: 

Arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis

Session 15:

Respiratory system: Asthma

ASTHMA

Session 16:

Chronic obstructive airways diseases (COPD)

COPD

Session 17:

Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure

RENAL FAILURE

Session 18:

Hematological Diseases:

Iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

Session 19:

Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid)

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

Session 20:

Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia

Session 21:

Thalasemia

THALASSEMIA

Session 22:

Hereditary acquired anemia

HEREDITARY ACQUIRED ANEMIA

Session 23:

Hemophilia

HEMOPHILIA

Session 24:

Endocrine system: Diabetes

DIABETIC

Session 25:

Thyroid diseases

THYROID DISORDERS

Session 26:

Disorders of sex hormones

DISORDERS OF SEX HORMONES-PCOS

Session 27:

Nervous system: Epilepsy

EPILEPSY

Session 28:

Parkinson’s disease

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Session 29:

Stroke

STROKE

Session 30:

Psychiatric disorders: depression

DEPRESSION

Session 31:

Schizophrenia

SCHIZOPHRENIA

Session 32:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Session 33:

Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer

PEPTIC ULCER

Session 34:

Inflammatory bowel diseases

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)

Session 35:

Jaundice, Hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F)

JAUNDICE

HEPATITIS A,B,C,D,E,F

Session 36:

Alcoholic liver disease

ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Session 37:

Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis and Gout

REHUMATOID ARTHRITIS

OSTEOPOROSIS

GOUT

Session 38:

Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer

CANCER

Session 39:

Infectious diseases: Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis

MENINGITIS

TYPHOID

TUBERCULOSIS

LEPROSY

Session 40:

Urinary tract infections

URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)

Session 41:

Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

AIDS

SYPHILLIS

GONORRHEA

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