Pediatric & Geriatric Optometry

Theory + Practice 3+1+0= 4

Course Objectives

• Understanding the ‘general and ocular physiological changes of ageing, common geriatric systemic and ocular diseases, clinical approach of geriatric patients, pharmacological aspects of ageing, and spectacle dispensing aspects in ageing patients.

 Program outcome

•  The student on taking this course should● Be able to identify, investigate the age-related changes in the eyes. ● Be able to counsel the elderly ● Be able to dispense spectacles with proper instructions. ● Adequately gained knowledge on common ocular diseases.

Syllabus

MODULE-1

History, Genetic factors, Prenatal systems Prenatal factors Postnatal factors Normal prenatal development & Embryology Tissue origin of the various structure of the eye Practice ● History taking of Pediatric and Geriatric patients

MODULE-2

Anomalies of prenatal & postnatal development Genetic origin: Albinism, Nystagmus, Buphthalmos, Macula disorders, Colour Deficiencies, Retinitis pigmentosa, Ectopia Lentis Acquired: Micro cornea, Macro cornea, Microphthalmos, Ptosis, Distichiasis, Coloboma, Aniridia, Pupil displacement, Retinopathy of prematurity, congenital glaucoma, congenital, cataract. 427

MODULE-3

Visual Acuity Testing In Children – Objective & Subjective Normal appearance, pathology and structural anomalies of: Orbit Eyelids Lacrimal system Conjunctiva Cornea Sclera Anterior chamber, uveal tract, pupil Lens, vitreous, fundus Oculomotor system. Practice: · Vision Assessment in children · Cycloplegic refraction & Post mydriatic tests

MODULE-4 

Measurement of the refractive system · Determining binocular status, tests for Strabismus, Heterophoria, Amblyopia, Fixation Disorders · Compensatory treatment and remedial therapy for Myopia Pseudo myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism Anisometropia, Amblyopia Remedial & compensatory treatment for strabismus & nystagmus.

MODULE-5 

Structural & Anatomical changes of the eye. · Physiological changes of the eye · Aphakia, pseudophakia –its correction Practice ● Refraction in paediatric cases -anisometropia, amblyopia, malignance, strabismus, nystagmus, aphakia ● Neuro- Optometric Evaluation & Rehabilitation ● Evaluation, Diagnosis & Optometric management of children with mental retardation, C.P, Dyslexia

MODULE-6

· Ocular diseases common in the old eye, with special reference to cataract, glaucoma, macular disorders, vascular diseases of the eye · Special considerations in the ophthalmic dispensing to the elderly · Management of visual problems of aging · How to carry on one’s visual task overcoming the problems of aging? · Contact lens in elderly.

MODULE-7

● Optometric Examination of older adults ● Introduction to geriatric medicine – epidemiology , need for optometry care, systemic diseases (Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes, COPD). ● Low vision causes, management and rehabilitation in geriatrics. Practice ● Multiple Sensory Motor Handicaps ● Refraction in geriatric cases ● paediatric & geriatric case discussions

session plan

Session 1

History taking of Pediatric and Geriatric patients, Normal prenatal development & Embryology

Pdf: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041835/

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/jayendrajha/ophthalmic-history-taking-68964853

Pdf: https://scdhec.gov/sites/default/files/Library/ML-017049.pdf

session 2

Normal prenatal development & Embryology

PDF: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_development

PPT:

https://www.slideshare.net/channshann/pre-natal-development

session 3

Albinism, Nystagmus

Pdf: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/albinism/symptoms-causes/syc-20369184

Pdf: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-nystagmus

session 4

Buphthalmos, Macula disorders

Pdf: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24074-buphthalmos#:~:text=Buphthalmos%20is%20an%20eye%20condition,Appointments%20216.444.2020

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/hmirzaeee/macular-disease

session 5

Ectopia Lentis

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/laxmieyeinstitute/ectopia-lentis-edit

session 6

Ptosis, Distichiasis, Coloboma

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/docterrajesh/ptosis-27746984

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/KhTowkirUlIslam/coloboma-78267268

session 7

Micro cornea, Macro cornea, Microphthalmos

Pdf: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/78610#:~:text=Definition,10%20mm%20even%20in%20adulthood.%20%5B

session 8

Visual Acuity Testing in Children

Ppt: https://www.slideshare.net/laxmieyeinstitute/assesment-of-visual-acuity-in-children

Ppt: https://eyewiki.org/Visual_acuity_assessment_in_children

session 9

structural anomalies of: Orbit Eyelids Lacrimal system

Ppt: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283856448_congenital_anomalies_of_the_lacrimal_system

session 10

conjunctiva

Ppt: https://entokey.com/congenital-and-developmental-anomalies-of-the-orbit/#:~:text=Most%20congenital%20and%20developmental%20anomalies,closure%3B%20and%20facial%20clefting%20syndromes.

session 11

Vision Assessment in children · Cycloplegic refraction & Post mydriatic tests

Ppt: https://www.dreyesee.com/cycloplegic-refraction/#:~:text=A%20cycloplegic%20refraction%20is%20a,focusing%20muscle%2C%20of%20the%20eyes.

https://www.visiontherapycalgary.com/2017/08/09/top-5-reasons-to-perform-cycloplegic-refraction/

session 12

Determining binocular status, tests for Strabismus, Heterophoria, Amblyopia, Fixation Disorders

Ppt:

https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/december/evaluating-squints#:~:text=In%20the%20general%20practice%20setting,test%20and%20the%20uncover%20test.&text=The%20only%20equipment%20required%20is%20a%20direct%20ophthalmoscope%20and%20a%20torchlight