Pharmaceutical Chemistry (D.Pharm)

Course Code (Credit):

CUTM 2020 (4-0-0)

Course objective

1. Chemical classification, chemical name, chemical structure

2. Pharmacological uses, doses, stability and storage conditions

3. Different types of formulations / dosage form available and their brand names

4. Impurity testing and basic quality control tests

Learning outcomes

1. Describe the chemical class, structure and chemical name of the commonly used drugs and pharmaceuticals of both organic and inorganic nature

2. Discuss the pharmacological uses, dosage regimen, stability issues and storage conditions of all such chemical substances commonly used as drugs

3. Describe the quantitative and qualitative analysis, impurity testing of the chemical substances given in the official monographs

4. Identify the dosage form & the brand names of the drugs and pharmaceuticals popular in the marketplace

Course Syllabus

Chapter-1

Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives

Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures

Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic.

Chapter-2

Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration

Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method.

Chapter-3

• Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous fumarate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ferrous ascorbate, Carbonyl iron

• Gastro-intestinal Agents: Antacids :Aluminium hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide, Magaldrate, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Acidifying agents, Adsorbents, Protectives, Cathartics

• Topical agents: Silver Nitrate, Ionic Silver, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Hydrogen peroxide, Boric acid, Bleaching powder, Potassium permanganate

• Dental products: Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, Denture cleaners, Denture adhesives, Mouth washes

• Medicinal gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, oxygen

Chapter-4

Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings

Chapter-5

• Anaesthetics: Thiopental Sodium*, Ketamine Hydrochloride*, Propofol

• Sedatives and Hypnotics: Diazepam*, Alprazolam*, Nitrazepam, Phenobarbital*

• Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride*, Haloperidol*, Risperidone*, Sulpiride*, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Lurasidone

• Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin*, Carbamazepine*, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid*, Gabapentin*, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine

• Anti-Depressants: Amitriptyline Hydrochloride*, Imipramine Hydrochloride*, Fluoxetine*, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine

Chapter-6

• Sympathomimetic Agents: Direct Acting: Nor- Epinephrine*, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine*, Terbutaline, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Naphazoline*, Tetrahydrozoline. Indirect Acting Agents: Hydroxy Amphetamine, Pseudoephedrine. Agents With Mixed Mechanism: Ephedrine, Metaraminol

• Adrenergic Antagonists: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers: Tolazoline, Phentolamine

• Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin. Beta Adrenergic Blockers: Propranolol*, Atenolol*, Carvedilol

• Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents: Direct Acting Agents: Acetylcholine*, Carbachol, And Pilocarpine. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine*, Edrophonium Chloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Pralidoxime Chloride, Echothiopate Iodide

• Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Atropine Sulphate*, Ipratropium Bromide Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents: Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride*

Chapter-7

• Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine Sulphate, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Verapamil, Phenytoin Sodium*, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Amiodarone and Sotalol

• Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Propranolol*, Captopril*, Ramipril, Methyldopate Hydrochloride, Clonidine Hydrochloride, Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Nifedipine,

• Antianginal Agents: Isosorbide Dinitrate

Chapter-8

Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone

Chapter-9

Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin*, Glibenclamide*, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins

Chapter-10

Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists; Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) - Aspirin*, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen*, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol*, Aceclofenac

Chapter-11

• Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin-B, Griseofulvin, Miconazole, Ketoconazole*, Itraconazole, Fluconazole*, Naftifine Hydrochloride

• Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents: Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin*, Moxifloxacin,

• Anti-Tubercular Agents: INH*, Ethambutol, Para Amino Salicylic Acid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Pretomanid*

• Antiviral Agents: Amantadine Hydrochloride, Idoxuridine, Acyclovir*, Foscarnet, Zidovudine,

Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Favipiravir

• Antimalarials: Quinine Sulphate, Chloroquine Phosphate*, Primaquine Phosphate, Mefloquine*, Cycloguanil, Pyrimethamine, Artemisinin

• Sulfonamides: Sulfanilamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide*, Mafenide Acetate, Cotrimoxazole, Dapsone*

Chapter-12

Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin*, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol* Clindamycin

Chapter-13

Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide*, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil*, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin*, Dromostanolone Propionate

Reference

1. Text Book of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry by Mohammed Ali

2. Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry by S.N Pandeya

3. Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry by G.R Chatwal

4. Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry by Asutosh Kar

5. Pharmaceutical Analysis by A.V Kasture

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry

http://Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry

Session 2

Sources and types of errors

http://Sources and types of errors

Session 3

Impurities in Pharmaceuticals

http://Impurities in Pharmaceuticals

Session 4

Volumetric analysis

http://Volumetric analysis

Session 5

Gravimetric analysis

http://Gravimetric analysis

Session 6

Haematinics

http://Haematinics

Session 7

Gastro-intestinal Agents

http://Gastro-intestinal Agents

Session 8

Topical agents

http://Topical agents

Session 9

Dental products

http://Dental products

Session 10

Medicinal gases

http://Medicinal gases

Session 11

Anaesthetics

http://Anaesthetics

Session 12

Sedatives and Hypnotics

http://Sedatives and Hypnotics

Session 13

Antipsychotics

http://Antipsychotics

Session 14

Anticonvulsants

http://Anticonvulsants

Session 15

Anti-Depressants

http://Anti-Depressants

Session 16

Sympathomimetic Agents

http://Sympathomimetic Agents

Session 17

Indirect Acting Agents

http://Indirect Acting Agents

Session 18

Adrenergic Antagonists

http://Adrenergic Antagonists

Session 19

Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents

http://Cholinergic Drugs and Related Agents

Session 20

Cholinergic Blocking Agents

http://Cholinergic Blocking Agents

Session 21

Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents

http://Synthetic Cholinergic Blocking Agents

Session 22

Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

http://Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

Session 23

Anti-Hypertensive Agents

http://Anti-Hypertensive Agents

Session 24

Antianginal Agents

http://Antianginal Agents

Session 25

Diuretics

http://Diuretics

Session 26

Hypoglycemic Agents

http://Hypoglycemic Agents

Session 27

Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents

http://Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Session 28

Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)

http://Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)

Session 29

Antifungal Agents

http://Antifungal Agents

Session 30

Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents

http://Urinary Tract Anti-Infective Agents

Session 31

Anti-Tubercular Agents

http://Anti-Tubercular Agents

Session 32

Antiviral Agents

http://Antiviral Agents

Session 33

Antimalarials

http://Antimalarials

Session 34

Sulfonamides

http://Sulfonamides

Session 35

Antibiotics

http://Antibiotics

Session 36

Anti-Neoplastic Agents

http://Anti-Neoplastic Agents

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