Course Objectives

• This subject has been designed to make the students understand different categories of inorganic drugs or  compounds which are used as medicinal agents.
• Explanation of the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic pharmaceuticals
• Explanation of the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of acids, bases, buffers,  extra and intracellular electrolytes.
• Explanation of the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of dental products.
• Explanation of the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of acidifiers, antacids and cathartics.
• Explanation of  the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of antimicrobials
• Explanation of  the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of expectorants, emetics  and haematinics
• Explanation of  the method of preparation, assay, properties, medicinal uses of astringent, poison  and antidote
• Description of the properties, storage condition and application of radiopharmaceuticals.

Course Outcomes

Course Syllabus

MODULE I-

•  Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate
• General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes

MODULE II-

• Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.
• Major extra and   intracellular   electrolytes:   Functions   of   majorphysiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
• Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries, Desensitizing agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.

MODULE III-

• Gastrointestinal agents-

1.        Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
2.       Antacid:   Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium Bicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
3.      Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and Bentonite.
4. Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric acid, Hydrogen peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations

MODULE IV-

• Miscellaneous compounds

1. Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
2. Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
3. Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
4. Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium nitrite333
5. Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum.

MODULE V-

• Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes - Sodium iodide I¹³¹, Storage conditions, precautions & pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

BOOK REFERENCE-

1. Anand & Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
2. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
3. L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
4. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3^rd Edition
5. I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
6. Indian  Pharmacopoeia

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry and history of pharmacopoeia.

pharmacopoeia-151218070437

http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoXCFe22RWw

Session 2

History of pharmacopoeia

History of Pharmacopoeia

Session 3

Sources and types of impurities in pharmaceutical substances

Sources and types of impurities

INORGANICIMPURITIESimpurities-170129153206

Session 4

Limit test-definition and Limit test for chloride, sulphate

limit test for chlorides

limit test for sulphate

http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Chloride.aspx

http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Sulphate.aspx

limit test for chloride

limit test for sulphate

Session 5

Limit test for iron,lead

limit test for iron

limit test for lead

http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Iron.aspx

http://labmonk.com/limit-test-for-iron

limit test for iron

http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Lead.aspx

Session 6

Limit test for arsenic

limit test for arsenic

http://www.web-limit test for arsenic

formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Arsenic.aspxhttp://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Arsenic.aspxlimit test of arsenic

Session 7

Limit test for heavy metals

limit test for heavy metals

http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Heavy_Metals.aspx

http://www.pharmaguideline.com/2011/08/limit-test-for-heavy-metals.html#gsc.tab=0

Session 8

Acid, base, buffer theories & introduction

acid,base buffer

acid,base buffer

Acid,base buffer

Session 9

Buffers equation, buffer capacity,buffered isotonic solution

bufferedisotonicsolutions-160926181708

Session 10

Buffers in pharmacy,its uses and stability

Role of Buffers in Pharmacy

Criteria for Buffers [Autosaved]

Session 11

Buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity.

buffered isotonic solution

Buffered isotonic solution

Session 12

Major extra and intracellular electrolytes and functions

Major Intra and Extracellular Electrolytes (1)

majorintraandextra-cellularelectrolytespharmaceuticalinorganicchemistryb-161007200633

Session 13

Functions of major physiological ions

Role of major physiological anions(1)

majorintraandextracellularelectrolytes-161017101400

Session 14

Functions of major physiological ions

Role of major physiological anions(2) (1)

Functions of major physiological ions

Session 15

Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy-sodium chloride, potassium chloride

11electrilyteinreplacementthpy-170731061034

Electrolyte replacement therapy

Session 16

Electrolyte combination therapy

electrolytescombinationtherapy-180217082157

Session 17

Physiological acid-base balance

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507807/?report=printable

Session 18

Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries, Desensitizing agents

DENTRIFICES

Session 19

Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.

Dental products-Calcium carbonate,sodium fluoride

Session 20

Acidifiers- ammonium chloride, dil.HCl

http://ajptonline.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Asian+Journal+of+Pharmacy+and+Technology%3bPID%3d2017-7-2-1

Acidifiers

Session 21

Antacid:   Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids

ANTACIDS

gastrointestinalagents-180119061739

Antacids

Session 22

Sodium bicarbonate, aluminium hydroxide gel,magnesium hydroxide mixture

UNIT-III_GastrointestinalagentsAntacid

Session 23

Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and Bentonite

CATHARTICS

Cathartics

Session 24

Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification

Anti-Microbial agents

Session 25

Anti microbials-Potassium permanganate, Boric acid, Hydrogen peroxide*

UNIT-III_Antimicrobials

Session 26

Anti microbials-Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations

part IV Antimicrobial agents

Anti microbials

Session 27

Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.

EXPECTORANTS

Expectorants

Session 28

Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate

Emetics

Session 29

Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate

HAEMATINICS-converted (1)

UNIT-IV_Haematinics (1)

Haematinics

Session 30

Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium nitrite333

Poison and Antidotes

antidote-161102141023

antidote for poison

Session 31

Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum

ASTRINGENTS-converted (1)

UNIT-IV_Astringents

topicalagentpart1pharmaceuticalinorganicchemistry-160130101806

Astrigents

Session 32

Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity

Radiopharmaceuticals

Radiopharmaceuticals

Session 33

Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and GM-COUNTER

Geiger Muller Counter

Session 34

Study of radio isotopes  and Sodium iodide I¹³¹

^{UNIT-V_Radiopharmaceuticals}

Session 35

Storage conditions, precautions & pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

radiopharmaceuticalsrappchapter-8-180817070723

radiopharmaceuticals-180119071848

Case Studies

Case Studies