PHARMACOGNOSY (D. Pharm New Syllabus)

Course Code: 2021

Scope:

This course is designed to impart knowledge on the medicinal uses of various drugs of natural origin. Also, the course emphasizes the fundamental concepts in the evaluation of crude drugs, alternative systems of medicine, nutraceuticals, and herbal cosmetics.

Course Objectives:

This course will discuss the following aspects of drug substances derived from natural resources.
1. Occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests of common phytoconstituents
2. Therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of various natural drug substances and phytoconstituents
3. Biological source, chemical constituents of selected crude drugs and their therapeutic efficacy in common diseases and ailments
4. Basic concepts in quality control of crude drugs and various system of
medicines
5. Applications of herbs in health foods and cosmetics

Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to
1. Identify the important/common crude drugs of natural origin
2. Describe the uses of herbs in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals
3. Discuss the principles of alternative system of medicines
4. Describe the importance of quality control of drugs of natural origin

CHAPTER-1

Definition, history, present status and scope of
Pharmacognosy

CHAPTER-2

Classification of drugs:
● Alphabetical
● Taxonomical
● Morphological
● Pharmacological
● Chemical
● Chemo-taxonomical

CHAPTER-3

Quality control of crude drugs:
● Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs
● Evaluation of crude drugs

CHAPTER-4

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation,
identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical
applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils,
tannins and resins.

CHAPTER-5

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic
efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs.

Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna
Cardiotonic: Digitalis, Arjuna

Carminatives and G.I. regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon
Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu
Drugs acting on nervous system; Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca
Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia
Anti-tussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam
Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed
Anti-tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum
Antidiabetics: Pterocarpus, Gymnema
Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava
Anti-dysenteric: Ipecacuanha
Antiseptics and disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric
Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia
Oxytocic: Ergot
Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil
Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast
Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar,
Guar gum, Gelatine
Miscellaneous: Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi,
Guggul

CHAPTER-6

Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres
Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures.

CHAPTER-7

Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy
Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma

CHAPTER-8

Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy
and their export potential.

CHAPTER-9

Herbs as health food:
Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of:
Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary
fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya
and Garlic

CHAPTER-10

Introduction to herbal formulations

CHAPTER-11

Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil,
Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil

CHAPTER-12

Phytochemical investigation of drugs

SESSION-1

Definition and history of pharmacognosy.

1. Definition and history of pharmacognosy

SESSION-2

Present status and scope of pharmacognosy

2. Present status and scope of pharmacognosy

SESSION-3

Alphabatical and taxonomical classification

3. Alphabatical and taxonomical classification

SESSION-4

Morphological classification

4. Morphological classification

SESSION-5

Pharmacological classification

5. Pharmacological classification

SESSION-6

Chemical and taxonomical classification

6. Chemical, chemotaxonomy, serotoxonomy classification

SESSION-7

Method of drug adulteration

7. Method of drug adulteration

SESSION-8

Organoleptic and microscopical evaluation

8. Organoleptic and microscopical evaluation

SESSION-9

Physical method of evaluation

9. Physical method of evaluation-1

SESSION-10

Physical method of evaluation

10. Physical method of evaluation-2

SESSION-11

Chemical and biological evaluation

11. Chemical and biological evaluation

SESSION-12

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of alkaloid

12. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of alkaloid

SESSION-13

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of terpenoid

13. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of terpenoid

SESSION-14

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of glycoside

14. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of glycoside

SESSION-15

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of volatile oil

15. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of volatile oil

SESSION-16

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of tannins

16. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of tannins

SESSION-17

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of resins

17. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical application of resins

SESSION-18

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of aloe, castor oil.

18. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of aloe, castor oil

SESSION-19

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of isapghul, senna.

19. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of isapghul, senna

SESSION-20

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of coriander, fennel.

20. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of coriander, fennel

SESSION-21

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of digitalis, arjuna

21. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of digitalis, arjuna (1)

SESSION-22

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cardamom, ginger

22. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cardamom, ginger,

SESSION-23

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of clove, black pepper

23. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of clove, black pepper

SESSION-24

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of asafoetida, nutmeg

24. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of asafoetida, nutmeg,

SESSION-25

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon, myrobalan

25. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon, myrobalan

SESSION-26

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of black catechu, pale catechu

26. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of black catechu, pale catechu

SESSION-27

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of hyoscyamus, belladonna

27. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of hyoscyamus, belladonna

SESSION-28

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of ephedra, opium

28. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of ephedra, opium

SESSION-29

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of tea leaves, coffee seeds

29. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of tea leaves, coffee seeds

SESSION-30

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of coca,  rauwolfia

30. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of coca, rauwolfia (1)

SESSION-31

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of vasaka, tolu balsam

31. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of vasaka, tolu balsam

SESSION-32

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of colchicum seed, vinca

32. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of colchicum seed, vinca

SESSION-33

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of podophyllum, pterocarpus

33. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of podophyllum, pterocarpus

SESSION-34

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of gymnema, gokhru

34. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of gymnema, gokhru

SESSION-35

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of punarnava.

35. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of punarnava

SESSION-36

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of benzoin

36. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of benzoin (1)

SESSION-37

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of myrrh

37. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of myrrh

SESSION-38

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of neem

38. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of neem

SESSION-39

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of turmeric

39. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of turmeric39. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of turmeric

SESSION-40

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinchona

40. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinchona

SESSION-41

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of Artemisia

41. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of Artemisia

SESSION-42

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of ergot

42. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of ergot

SESSION-43

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cod liver oil

43. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cod liver oil

SESSION-44

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of shark liver oil

44. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of shark liver oil

SESSION-45

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of pterocarpus

45. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of pterocarpus

SESSION-46

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of black pepper

46. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of black pepper (1)

SESSION-47

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon

47. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon

SESSION-48

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of pale catechu

48. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of pale catechu (1)

SESSION-49

Plant fibres used as surgical dressing; cotton and silk

49. Plant fibres used as surgical dressing; cotton and silk

SESSION-50

Plant fibres used as surgical dressing; wool and regenerator

50. Plant fibres used as surgical dressing; wool and regenerator

SESSION-51

Basic principles involved in traditional system of ayurveda

51. Basic principles involved in traditional system of ayurveda

SESSION-52

Basic principles involved in traditional system of siddha

52. Basic principles involved in traditional system of siddha - Copy

SESSION-53

Basic principles involved in traditional system of unani

53. Basic principles involved in traditional system of siddha

SESSION-54

Basic principles involved in traditional system of homeopathy

54. Basic principles involved in traditional system of unani

SESSION-55

Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation arista and asava

55. Basic principles involved in traditional system of homeopathy (1)

SESSION-56

Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation gutika and taila

56. Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation arista and asava

SESSION-57

Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation churna and lehya

57. Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation gutika and taila

SESSION-58

Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation bhasma

58. Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation churna and lehya

SESSION-59

Role of medicinal plant in national economy and their export potential

59. Methods of preparation of ayurvedic formulation bhasma

SESSION-60

Role of aromatic plant in national economy and their export potential

60. Role of medicinal plant in national economy and their export potential

SESSION-61

Introduction and therapeutic applications of nutraceuticals and antioxidants

61. Role of aromatic plant in national economy and their export potential

SESSION-62

Introduction and therapeutic applications of pro-biotics and pre-biotics

62. Introduction and therapeutic applications of nutraceuticals and antioxidants

SESSION-63

Introduction and therapeutic applications of dietary fibres and omega-3-fatty acids

63. Introduction and therapeutic applications of pro-biotics and pre-biotics

SESSION-64

Introduction and therapeutic applications of spirulina and carotenoids

64. Introduction and therapeutic applications of dietary fibres and omega-3-fatty acids

SESSION-65

Introduction and therapeutic applications of soya and garlics

65. Introduction and therapeutic applications of spirulina and carotenoids

SESSION-66

Herbal formulations

66. Introduction and therapeutic applications of soya and garlics

SESSION-67

Herbal formulations

67. Herbal formulations

SESSION-68

Herbal formulations

68. Herbal formulations

SESSION-69

Herbal formulations

69. Herbal formulations

SESSION-70

Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses aloe aloe vera gel, almond oil

70. Herbal formulations

SESSION-71

Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses lavender oil, olive oil, respiratory

71. Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses aloe aloe vera gel, almond oil

SESSION-72

Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses rosemary oil

72. Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses lavender oil, olive oil, respiratory

SESSION-73

Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses sandal wood

73. Source, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic uses rosemary oil

SESSION-74

Phytochemical investigation

74. Phytochemical investigation

A