Pharmacology and Toxicology
Teacher
Dharmendra Pradhan
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name :Pharmacology and Toxicology
Code(Credit) : DCPY1203(3-3-0)
Course Objectives
The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the living organisms and how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs like, mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects, clinical uses, interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of administration of different classes of drugs.
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
- Understand the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs
- Explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular
- Apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various
- Observe the effect of drugs on animals by simulated experiments
- Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences
Course Syllabus
Introduction to pharmacology, scope of pharmacology.
Routes of administration of drugs, their advantages and disadvantages. Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them. Metabolism, distribution and excretion of drugs.
General mechanism of drugs action and their factors which modify drugs action. Pharmacological classification of drugs. The discussion of drugs should emphasize the following aspects:
Drugs acting on the central Nervous system:
General anaesthetics- adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenous anaesthetics. Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal
Anti-inflammatory drugs- Narcotic analgesics. Antirheumatic and anti-gout remedies.
Sedatives and Hypnotics, psychopharmacological agents, anticonvulsants, analeptics. Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonism agents.
Local anesthetics.
Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system.
Cholinergic drugs, Anticholinergic drugs, anticholinesterase drugs. Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic receptor blockers.
Neurone blockers and ganglion blockers. Neuromuscular blockers, used in myasthenia gravis.
Drugs acting on eye: Mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.
Drugs acting on respiratory system
Respiratory stimulants, Bronchodilators, Nasal decongestants, Expectorants and Antitussive agents.
Autocoids: physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines, prostaglandins.
Cardio vascular drugs
Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Anti-anginal agents, Antihypertensive agents, peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.
Drugs acting on the blood and blood forming organs. Haematinics, coagulants and anticoagulants, Haemostatic , Blood substitutes and plasma expanders.
Drugs affecting renal function- Diuretics and anti-diuretics.
Hormones and hormone antagonists- Hypoglycemic agents, Anti--thyroid drugs, sex hormones and oral contraceptives , corticosteroids.
Drugs acting on digestive system-carminatives, digest ants, Bitters, Antacids and drugs used in peptic ulcer, purgatives ,and laxatives, Antidiarrohoeals, Emetics, Anti-emetics, Antispasmodics.
Chemotherapy of microbial diseases:
Urinary antiseptics, sulphonamides, penicillin, streptomycin, Tetracyclines and other antibiotics. Anti- tubercular agents, Antifungal agents, antiviral drugs, anti-leprotic drugs.
Chemotherapy of protozoal diseases, Anthelmintic drugs. Chemotherapy of cancer.
Disinfectants and antiseptics.
Recommended Books
1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s
Pharmacology,.Churchil Livingstone Elsevier
2. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc
Graw-Hill
3. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
4. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A.
K., Bradley R.W., Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott
Williams &Wilkins
5. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-
Pharmacology
session 18
analeptics
session 19
anticonvulsants
session 20
anticonvulsants
session 21
psychopharmacological agents
session 22
Sedatives and Hypnotics
session 23
Sedatives and Hypnotics
session 24
NSAIDs
session 25
NSAIDs
session 26
Analgesic antipyretics
session 27
Analgesic antipyretics
session 28
Centrally acting muscle relaxants
session 29
antiparkinsonism agents
session 30
antiparkinsonism agents
session 31
Local anesthetics
session 32
Local anesthetics
session 33
Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system
session 34
Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system
session 35
Cholinergic drugs
session 36
Cholinergic drugs
session 37
Anticholinergic drugs
session 38
Anticholinergic drugs
session 39
Adrenergic drugs
session 40
adrenergic drugs
session 41
Adrenergic drugs
session 42
Adrenergic drugs
session 43
Adrenergic drugs
session 44
Adrenergic drugs
session 45
Adrenergic drugs
session 46
Adrenergic drugs
session 47
Adrenergic drugs
session 48
Adrenergic drugs
session 49
Adrenergic drugs
session 50
Adrenergic drugs
session 51
Adrenergic drugs
session 52
Adrenergic drugs
session 53
Adrenergic drugs
session 54
Adrenergic drugs
session 55
Adrenergic drugs
session 56
Adrenergic drugs
session 57
Adrenergic drugs
session 58
Adrenergic drugs
session 59
Adrenergic drugs
session 60
Adrenergic drugs
session 61
Adrenergic drugs
session 62
Adrenergic drugs
session 63
Adrenergic drugs
session 64
Adrenergic drugs
session 65
Adrenergic drugs
session 66
Adrenergic drugs
PRACTICAL
Syllabus
- The first six of the following experiments will be done by the students while
- the remaining will be demonstrated by the
- Effect of potassium and calcium ions, acetylcholine and adrenaline on frog's
- Effect of acetyl choline on rectus abdomens muscle of frog and guinea pig
- Effect of spasmogens and relaxants on rabbits
- Effect of local anaesthetics on rabbit
- Effect of mydriatics and miotics on rabbit's
- To study the action of strychnine on
- Effect of digitalis on frog's
- Effect of hypnotics in
- Effect of convulsants and anticonvulsant in mice or
- Test for
- Taming and hypnosis potentiating effect of chlorpromazine in mice/rats.
- Effect of diphenhydramine in experimentally produced asthma in guinea
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