Phase equilibria and Chemical kinetics
Teacher
Dr. Pratap Chhotaray
Category
Core Courses
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Code(Credit) : CUTM1475 (3-2-1)
Course Objectives
• The course gives idea about the different phases of matter and their equilibria from which the stability and sustainability can be easily predicted
• Deals with kinetics study of different processes and surface phenomenon like adsorption, chemisorptions etc.
Course Outcomes
| COs | Course outcomes | Mapping COs with POs (High-3, Medium-2, Low-1) |
| CO1 | Able to understand the fundamentals of different phases of matter and kinetics of reaction. | PO1 (3), PO 4 (2) |
| CO2 | Able to solve problems of kinetics based chemical reaction and degrees of freedom. | PO2 (3), PO4 (2) |
| CO3 | Will be able to figure out the controlling factors that affect the rate of reactions | PO 2 (2), PO 4 (2) |
Course Syllabus
Module 1
Phase Equilibria-1
1.1 Definitions of phase, Concept of phases and Components
1.2 Degrees of freedom
1.3 Derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for Non-reactive and reactive systems
1.4 Clausius-Clapeyron equation
1.5 Applications to solid-liquid,
1.6 Liquid-vapour
1.7 Solid- vapour equilibria
Module II
Phase Equilibria-2
2.1 Definition of phase diagram
2.2 Phase diagram for one component systems – water
2.3 Phase diagram for one component systems – CO2, with applications
2.4 Liquid-vapour equilibrium for two component systems
2.5 Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions
2.6 Three component systems, water-chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots
Practice 1: Determination of the solubility curve for phenol and water
Module III
Phase Equilibria-3
3.1 Gibbs- Duhem-Margules equation and its derivation
3.2 Applications to fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal)
3.3 Azeotropes, lever rule
3.4 Partial miscibility of liquids, CST
3.5 Miscible pairs, steam distillation
3.6 Nernst distribution law: its derivation and applications
Practice 2: Study the distribution law of Acetic acid and benzoic acid by water and carbon tetra chloride
Module IV
Chemical Kinetics-1
4.1 Order and molecularity of a reaction
4.2 Rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, rate constants
4.3 Differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions
4.4 Pseudo first order reactions
4.5 Experimental methods of the determination of rate laws
4.6 Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and differential method
4.7 Kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate Expressions up to first order only).
Practice 3: Kinetics Study on the Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
Practice 4: Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid
Module V
Chemical Kinetics-2
5.1 Opposing reactions and parallel reactions
5.2 Consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in reaction mechanisms)
5.3 Chain reactions
5.4 Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy
5.5 Unimolecular Reactions; Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates
Practice 5: Saponification value of ethyl acetate
Practice 6: Effect of ionic strength on rate of persulphate iodide reaction
Module VI
Catalysis
6.1 Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces
6.2 Salt effects; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts
6.3 Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism
6.4 Acid-base catalysis, turn-over number
Practice 7: Study of the Catalytic Effects of Finely Divided Particles
Module VII
Surface chemistry
7.1 Physical adsorption, chemisorptions
7.2 Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms
7.3 Multilayer adsorption and BET isotherm
7.4 Gibbs adsorption isotherm and surface excess, nature of adsorbed state
Practice 8: Demonstration of the adsorption phenomena
Practice 9: Verify the Freundlich for adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal
Practice 10: Verify the Langmuir isotherm for adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal
Recommended Books:
1. Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry 10th Ed., Oxford University Press (2014).
2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Narosa (2004).
3. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry 6th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011).
3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D.,Molecular Thermodynamics, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004).
Session Plan
Session 1
Definitions of phase, Concept of phases and Components
Phase equilibrium-1
phase,component and degree of freeddom
Session 3
Derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for Non-reactive and reactive systems
Gibbs Phase Rule
Gibbs Phase Rule
Session 4
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Phase equilibrium-1
Derive expression for Clapeyron Clausius Equation
Session 9
Definition of phase diagram
Phase Diagram
Phase DiagramsPhase Diagrams and the States of Matter
Session 10
Phase diagram for one component systems – water, CO2, with applications
Phase Euilibrium-2
Phase Diagram, Phases of Matter and Triple Point of Water
Session 12
Liquid-vapour equilibrium for two component systems
Phase Euilibrium-2
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium for Binary Systems
Session 13
Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions
Phase Euilibrium-2
Session 14
Three component systems, water-chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots
Phase Euilibrium-2
Ternary Phase Diagram Basics
Session 15 (Assignment-3: Flip Class)
Phase Diagram for three component systems
Session 16: Practice 1 (2 hrs)
Determination of the solubility curve for phenol and water
Session 17
Gibbs- Duhem-Margules equation and its derivation
Phase equilibrium-3
Gibbs Duhem Margules Equation
Session 18
Applications to fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal)
Steam Distillation
Separation of two miscible liquids
Session 21
Partial miscibility of liquids,CST, Miscible pairs, steam distillation
CST
Partially Miscible Liquids
Session 22
Nernst distribution law: its derivation and applications
Nernst Distribution Law
Distribution Law
Session 23: Practice 2 (2 hrs)
Study the distribution law of Acetic acid and benzoic acid by water and carbon tetra chloride
Session 25
Rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, rate constants
Chemical Kinetics-11
Kinetics: Initial Rates and Integrated Rate Laws
Session 26 (Assignment-5: Flip Class)
Order, Molecularity and rate of the reactions
Session 27: Practice 3 (2 hrs)
Kinetics Study on the Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
Kinetics Study on the Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
Session 28
Differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, pseudo first order reactions
Chemical kinetics-1
Integrated Rate Law
Session 29
Experimental methods of the determination of rate laws
Chemical kinetics-1
Chemical Kinetics Made Easy: Experimental Determination of a Rate Law
Session 30: Practice 4 (2 hrs)
Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid
Hydrolysis of Methyl acetate
Session 31
Determination of order of a reaction by half-life and differential method
Order of a reaction by half-life and differential method
Half-life of a first-order reaction
Session 32 (Assignment-6: Flip Class)
Determination of rate law by different methods
Session 33
Kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate Expressions up to first order only)
Complex Reaction
Simple and complex reactions
Session 35
Opposing reactions and parallel reactions
Opposing Reaction
Parallel and opposing Reactions
Session 36
Consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations, Chain Reactions
Consecutive reaction
Consecutive reactions
Session 37 (Assignment-7: Flip Class)
Steady State Approximation and its applications
Session 38
Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy
Chemical kinetics-1
Arrhenius Equation
Session 39: Practice 6 (2 hrs)
Effect of ionic strength on rate of persulphate iodide reaction
Iodide Persulfate Kinetics
Session 40
Unimolecular Reactions; Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates
Unimolecular Reaction
Unimolecular Reactions
Session 42: Practice 7 (2 hrs)
Study of the Catalytic Effects of Finely Divided Particles
Study of the Catalytic Effects of Finely Divided Particles
Session 43
Salt effects; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts
Primary-Kinetic-Salt-Effect
Kinetics of Salt Effect
Session 44
Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis, turn-over number
Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme Catalysis
Session 45 (Assignment-8: Flip Class)
Different types of catalysis, mechanism and its application
Session 46: Practice 8 (2 hrs)
Demonstration of the adsorption phenomena (V Lab)
Session 49: Practice 9 (2 hrs)
Verify the Freundlich for adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal
Session 50: Practice 10 (2 hrs)
Verify the Langmuir isotherm for adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal
Adsorption of Ethanoic acid on Charcoal procedure
Session 53
Gibbs adsorption isotherm and surface excess, nature of adsorbed state
Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm
GIBB'S Adsorption Isotherm
Session 54 (Assignment-10: Flip Class)
Multilayer adsorption isotherm and its application
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Pratap Kumar Chhotaray has completed his PhD. from IIT Madras in 2015. He then moved to The University of Alabama, USA followed by Louisiana State University, USA for two years’ postdoctoral research. Thereafter, he worked as a National Postdoctoral fellow at IIT Delhi for two years. Currently, he is working as an Asst. Prof. […]