REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS
Teacher
Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya
Category
Core Courses
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CUTM1465 (3-2-1)
Course Objectives
- To study the development of the different parts of the flower, and how these regions further develop to form the fruit with its seeds.
- To observe some of the variation in different parts of sample fruits, and relate these modifications to changes in function.
Learning Outcomes
The student will be able to:
- Differentiate among annual, biennial, and perennial plants.
- Differentiate between complete and incomplete flowers, and between monoecious and dioecious plants.
- Explain the process, locations, and significance of angiosperm gametogenesis and fertilization, including double fertilization.
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Introduction History: (contributions of G.B. Amici, W. Hof Strasburger, S.G. Nawaschin, P. Maheshwari,B.M. Johri, W.A. Jenen, J. Heslop-Harrison) .
Reproductive development: Induction of flowering; flower as a modified determinate shoot.
Flowerdevelopment: genetic and molecular aspects. Anther and pollen biology Anther wall: Structure and functions, microsporogenesis, callose deposition and its significance.
Practice 1: Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid and glandular); MMC through slides/micrographs
Practice 2:Study of spore tetrads, uninucleate, bicelled and dehisced anther stages through slides/micrographs, male germ unit (MGU) through photographs and schematic representation.
Module-II
Microgametogenesis; Pollen wallstructure, MGU (male germ unit) structure, NPC system; Palynology and scope (a brief account);
Pollen wall proteins; Pollen viability, storage and germination;
Abnormal features: Pseudomonads, polyads, massulae, pollinia.Ovule Structure; Types; Special structures–endothelium, obturator, aril, caruncle.
Practice 3: Ultrastructure of pollen wall (micrograph);
Practice 4: Pollen Germination: Calculation of percentage germination in different media using hanging drop method.
Practice 5: Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing ornamentation and aperture, psuedomonads, polyads, pollinia (slides/photographs, fresh material),
Practice 6: Pollen viability: Tetrazoliumtest.
Module-III
Female gametophyte: Megasporogenesis (monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic) and megagametogenesis (details of Polygonumtype); Organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac.
Practice 7: Ovule: orthotropous, amphitropous/campylotropous, circinotropous, unitegmic, bitegmic;
Practice 8: Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures: Endothelium, obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril (permanent slides/specimens/photographs).
Practice 9: Female gametophyte through permanent slides/ photographs: Types, ultrastructure of mature egg apparatus.
Practice 10: Intra-ovarian pollination; Test tube pollination through photographs.
Module-IV
Pollination and fertilization: Pollination types and significance; adaptations; structure of stigma and style; path of pollen tube in pistil; double fertilization.
Module-V
Self-incompatibility Basic Concepts (interspecific, intraspecific, homomorphic, heteromorphic, GSI and SSI); Methods to overcome self- incompatibility: mixed pollination, bud pollination, stub pollination; Intra-ovarian and in vitro pollination; Modification of stigma surface, parasexual hybridization; Cybrids, in vitro fertilization.
Module-VI
Embryo, Endosperm and Seed Structure and types; General pattern of development of dicot and monocot embryo and endosperm; Suspensor: structure and functions.
Practice 11: Embryogenesis: Study of development of dicot embryo through permanent slides; dissection of developing seeds for embryos atvarious developmental stages; Study of suspensor through electron micrographs
Practice 12: Endosperm: Dissections of developing seeds forendosperm with free-nuclear haustoria.
Module-VII
Embryo-endosperm relationship; Nutrition of embryo;Unusual features; Embryo development in Paeonia.Seed structure, importance and dispersal mechanisms
Polyembryony and apomixis Introduction; Classification; Causes and applications.
Text Book:
Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P. (2011). The Embryologyof Angiosperms, Vikas Publishing House. Delhi. 5thedition.
Shivanna, K.R. (2003). Pollen Biology and Biotechnology.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
Reference Book:
Raghavan, V. (2000). Developmental Biology of Flowering plants, Springer, Netherlands.
Johri, B.M. l (1984). Embryology of Angosperms, Springer-Verlag, Netherlands.
Session Plan
Session 1
Module-I
Introduction History: Contributions of G.B. Amici, W. Hof Strasburger, S.G. Nawaschin
https://www.slideshare.net/HimanshiChauhan1/history-of-embryology-in-plants
Session 2
Contributions of P. Maheshwari,B.M. Johri, W.A. Jenen, J. Heslop-Harrison)
Session 3
Reproductive development: Induction of flowering; flower as a modified determinate shoot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKCfs5Df70g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWroqqlZ3go
Session 4
Session 6
Anther wall: Structure and functions
Session 7
Microsporogenesis; Callose deposition and its significance.
Session 8 (Practice 1)
Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid and glandular); MMC,
Session 9 (Practice 2)
Study of spore tetrads, uninucleate, bicelled and dehisced anther stages through slides/micrographs, male germ unit (MGU) through photographs and schematic representation.
Session 10
Module-II
Microgametogenesis
https://www.slideshare.net/bcbgarcia/bio-130-microsporogenesis-gametogenesis-2013
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JN5Kt-gSiWs
Pollen wall structure
https://www.uv.mx/personal/tcarmona/files/2016/08/Blackmore-et-al-2007.pdf
Session 11
Session 12 (Assignment 2)
Palynology and scope (a brief account)
https://www.slideshare.net/MauCudiamat/palynology-pollen-morphology-and-biology
Session 14 (Practice 3)
Ultrastructure of pollen wall (micrograph);
Session 15 (Practice 4)
Pollen Germination: Calculation of percentage germination in different media using hanging drop method.
Session 16
Pollen viability, storage and germination
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7vze1xs4UU
Abnormal features: Pseudomonads, polyads, massulae, pollinia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lWddYCAi54
https://www.slideshare.net/MauCudiamat/palynology-pollen-morphology-and-biology
Session 17 (Practice 5)
Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing ornamentation and aperture, psuedomonads, Polyads, pollinia (slides/photographs, fresh material).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFx7CFvi21A&t=376s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Qf8jdTfO4&t=144s
Session 18 (Practice 6)
Pollen viability: Tetrazolium test.
Session 19
Ovule Structure; Types; Special structures–endothelium, obturator, aril, caruncle
https://www.slideshare.net/gohilsanjay3/megasporangium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ctdQtz6do
https://viden.io/knowledge/special-structures-obturators-caruncle-hypostase-endothelium-tapetum
Session 20 (Practice 7)
Ovule: orthotropous, amphitropous/campylotropous, circinotropous, unitegmic, bitegmic;
Session 21 (Practice 8)
Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures: Endothelium, obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril (permanent slides/specimens/photographs).
Session 22
Module-III
Female gametophyte: Megasporogenesis (monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRv1eVY5lPI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Pk7-imb50
https://www.slideshare.net/gohilsanjay3/female-gametophyte-109106828
Session 23 (Practice 9)
Female gametophyte through permanent slides/ photographs: Types, ultrastructure of mature egg apparatus.
Session 24 (Practice 10)
Intra-ovarian pollination; Test tube pollination through photographs.
https://www.slideshare.net/ArifulIslamSagar/in-vitro-pollination
Session 25
Megagametogenesis (details of Polygonum type)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjyk5lW2IrA
https://www.slideshare.net/SACHINKUMAR1212/megasporogenesis-and-megagametogenesis
Organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqKQj8JX4u8
https://www.slideshare.net/MansiPrajapati5/female-gametophyte-123659264
Session 26
Module-IV
Pollination and fertilization: Pollination types
https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/32-2-pollination-and-fertilization
Session 27 (Assignment 3)
Session 29 (Assignment 5)
Structure of stigma and style
https://www.slideshare.net/charlvinceporlares/flowers-parts-and-functions
Session 30 (Assignment 6)
Session 31
Double fertilization
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/double-fertilization/
Session 32
Module-V
Self-incompatibility Basic Concepts (interspecific, intraspecific, homomorphic, heteromorphic, GSI and SSI)
https://www.slideshare.net/DhanyaAgri/self-incompatibility-in-plants-53532804
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ANBC1rz7TQ
Methods to overcome self- incompatibility
Session 33
Session 34
Session 35
Modification of stigma surface
https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/103/6/951/129722
Parasexual hybridization
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/69/8/2292.full.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/AnakhaMohan/distant-hybridisation-by-anakha-mohan-plant-breeding
Session 37
Module-VI
Embryo structure and types
Session 38
Session 39 (Assignment 7)
Session 40
General pattern of development of dicot embryo
Session 41
General pattern of development of monocot embryo
Session 42 (Practice 11)
Embryogenesis: Study of development of dicot embryo through permanent slides; dissection of developing seeds for embryos atvarious developmental stages; Study of suspensor through electron micrographs
Session 43
General pattern of development of dicot and monocot endosperm
Session 44 (Practice 12)
Endosperm: Dissections of developing seeds for endosperm with free-nuclear haustoria.
Session 45
Suspensor: structure and functions
Session 46
Module-VII
Embryo-endosperm relationship; Nutrition of embryo
Session 47
Unusual features; Embryo development in Paeonia
https://www.slideshare.net/naveenagirish/monocot-and-dicot-navi
Session 48
Seed structure- importance and dispersal mechanisms
Session 50
Polyembryony and apomixis- Introduction; Classification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DC28Dg570ic
Session 51 (Assignment 9)
Causes of Polyembryony and apomixis
Session 52 (Assignment 10)
Case Studies
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, School of Applied Science ( Bolangir Campus)
VIEW PROFILEDr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha, India. He has received his M.Sc. (Life Science- Botany) and M.Phil (Life Sciences) from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India and B.Ed. from Singhania University, Rajasthan India. He qualified GATE-2007, CSIR-UGC NET LS -2008. He […]
Mrs. Namita Panda completed her Master Degree in Botany in 1992 from Guru Ghasidas University,Bilaspur . She has also Master Degree in English from Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur and Master Degree in Hindi from Sambalpur University. She has got more than 20 years of teaching experience.Mrs. Namita Panda is currently working as Assistant Professor (Dept. […]
Dr. Pratibha Rani Deep
Assisstant Professor in Botany, School of Applied Science, ( Bolangir Campus)
VIEW PROFILEDr. Pratibha R. Deep works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha India. She has received her M.Sc. (Botany) from Gangadhar Meher College (presently University), Sambalpur, India. She qualified GATE twice 2007 and 2012. She did her MTech in Applied Botany from IIT Kharagpur, […]