REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS

Teacher

Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya

Category

Core Courses

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Reproductive biology of Angiosperms

 

CUTM1465 (3-2-1)

 

Course Objectives

  • To study the development of the different parts of the flower, and how these regions further develop to form the fruit with its seeds.
  • To observe some of the variation in different parts of sample fruits, and relate these modifications to changes in function.

Learning Outcomes

The student will be able to:

  • Differentiate among annual, biennial, and perennial plants.
  • Differentiate between complete and incomplete flowers, and between monoecious and dioecious plants.
  • Explain the process, locations, and significance of angiosperm gametogenesis and fertilization, including double fertilization.

Course Syllabus

Module-I

Introduction History: (contributions of G.B. Amici, W. Hof Strasburger, S.G. Nawaschin, P. Maheshwari,B.M. Johri, W.A. Jenen, J. Heslop-Harrison) .

Reproductive development: Induction of flowering; flower as a modified determinate shoot.

Flowerdevelopment: genetic and molecular aspects. Anther and pollen biology Anther wall: Structure and functions, microsporogenesis, callose deposition and its significance.

Practice 1: Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid and glandular); MMC through slides/micrographs

Practice 2:Study of spore tetrads, uninucleate, bicelled and dehisced anther stages through slides/micrographs, male germ unit (MGU) through photographs and schematic representation.

 

Module-II

Microgametogenesis; Pollen wallstructure, MGU (male germ unit) structure, NPC system; Palynology and scope (a brief account);

Pollen wall proteins; Pollen viability, storage and germination;

Abnormal features: Pseudomonads, polyads, massulae, pollinia.Ovule Structure; Types; Special structures–endothelium, obturator, aril, caruncle.

Practice 3: Ultrastructure of pollen wall (micrograph);

Practice 4: Pollen Germination: Calculation of percentage germination in different media using hanging drop method.

Practice 5: Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing ornamentation and aperture, psuedomonads, polyads, pollinia (slides/photographs, fresh material),

Practice 6: Pollen viability: Tetrazoliumtest.

 

Module-III

Female gametophyte: Megasporogenesis (monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic) and megagametogenesis (details of Polygonumtype); Organization and ultrastructure of mature embryo sac.

Practice 7: Ovule: orthotropous, amphitropous/campylotropous, circinotropous, unitegmic, bitegmic;

Practice 8: Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures: Endothelium, obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril (permanent slides/specimens/photographs).

Practice 9: Female gametophyte through permanent slides/ photographs: Types, ultrastructure of mature egg   apparatus.

Practice 10: Intra-ovarian pollination; Test tube pollination through photographs.

 

Module-IV

Pollination and fertilization: Pollination types and significance; adaptations; structure of stigma and style; path of pollen tube in pistil; double fertilization.

 

Module-V

Self-incompatibility Basic Concepts (interspecific, intraspecific, homomorphic, heteromorphic, GSI and SSI); Methods to overcome self- incompatibility: mixed pollination, bud pollination, stub pollination; Intra-ovarian and in vitro pollination; Modification of stigma surface, parasexual hybridization; Cybrids, in vitro fertilization. 

 

Module-VI

Embryo, Endosperm and Seed Structure and types; General pattern of development of dicot and monocot embryo and endosperm; Suspensor: structure and functions.

Practice 11: Embryogenesis: Study of development of dicot embryo through permanent slides; dissection of developing seeds for embryos atvarious developmental stages; Study of suspensor through electron micrographs

Practice 12: Endosperm: Dissections of developing seeds forendosperm with free-nuclear haustoria.

 

Module-VII

Embryo-endosperm relationship; Nutrition of embryo;Unusual features; Embryo development in Paeonia.Seed structure, importance and dispersal mechanisms

Polyembryony and apomixis Introduction; Classification; Causes and applications.

 

Text Book:

Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P. (2011). The Embryologyof Angiosperms, Vikas Publishing House. Delhi. 5thedition.

Shivanna, K.R. (2003). Pollen Biology and Biotechnology.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.

Reference Book:

Raghavan, V. (2000). Developmental Biology of Flowering plants, Springer, Netherlands.

Johri, B.M. l (1984). Embryology of Angosperms, Springer-Verlag, Netherlands.

Session Plan

Session 1

Module-I

 

Introduction History: Contributions of G.B. Amici, W. Hof Strasburger, S.G. Nawaschin

https://www.slideshare.net/HimanshiChauhan1/history-of-embryology-in-plants

Session 2

Contributions of P. Maheshwari,B.M. Johri, W.A. Jenen, J. Heslop-Harrison)

http://repository.ias.ac.in/49065/1/50-pub.pdf

Session 8 (Practice 1)

Anther: Wall and its ontogeny; Tapetum (amoeboid and glandular); MMC,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnsME96wGRk

Session 9 (Practice 2)

Study of spore tetrads, uninucleate, bicelled and dehisced anther stages through slides/micrographs, male germ unit (MGU) through photographs and schematic representation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tuNBiuvYIg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzKAXf78KuY

Session 14 (Practice 3)

Session 15 (Practice 4)

Pollen Germination: Calculation of percentage germination in different media using hanging drop method.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFPdRSS0X4E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3F0SOB6oRf4

Session 17 (Practice 5)

Pollen grains: Fresh and acetolyzed showing ornamentation and aperture, psuedomonads, Polyads, pollinia (slides/photographs, fresh material).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFx7CFvi21A&t=376s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6Qf8jdTfO4&t=144s

 

Session 18 (Practice 6)

Pollen viability: Tetrazolium test.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHEQkdmU-sk

Session 20 (Practice 7)

Ovule: orthotropous, amphitropous/campylotropous, circinotropous, unitegmic, bitegmic;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttFWNV9dvcw&t=29s

Session 21 (Practice 8)

Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate; Special structures: Endothelium, obturator, hypostase, caruncle and aril (permanent slides/specimens/photographs).

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FqbT8U8r8s

Session 22

Session 23 (Practice 9)

Female gametophyte through permanent slides/ photographs: Types, ultrastructure of mature egg   apparatus.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtqigOAkOeE

Session 24 (Practice 10)

Intra-ovarian pollination; Test tube pollination through photographs.

https://www.slideshare.net/ArifulIslamSagar/in-vitro-pollination

Session 28 (Assignment 4)

Session 29 (Assignment 5)

Session 32

Module-V

Self-incompatibility Basic Concepts (interspecific, intraspecific, homomorphic, heteromorphic, GSI and SSI)

https://www.slideshare.net/DhanyaAgri/self-incompatibility-in-plants-53532804

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ANBC1rz7TQ

Methods to overcome self- incompatibility

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11814052

https://www.slideshare.net/MahiAnkeGowda/inc-17990792

Session 42 (Practice 11)

Embryogenesis: Study of development of dicot embryo through permanent slides; dissection of developing seeds for embryos atvarious developmental stages; Study of suspensor through electron micrographs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2dvh0YNDwM

Session 44 (Practice 12)

Endosperm: Dissections of developing seeds for endosperm with free-nuclear haustoria.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zn2VGjN7kk4

 

Session 45

 

Session 46

 

Session 47

Unusual features; Embryo development in Paeonia

https://www.slideshare.net/naveenagirish/monocot-and-dicot-navi

Session 51 (Assignment 9)

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya

Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, School of Applied Science ( Bolangir Campus)
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Dr. Shantanu Bhattacharyya works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha, India. He has received his M.Sc. (Life Science- Botany) and M.Phil (Life Sciences) from Sambalpur University, Orissa, India and B.Ed. from Singhania University, Rajasthan India. He qualified GATE-2007, CSIR-UGC NET LS -2008. He […]

Namita Panda

Assistant Professor
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Mrs. Namita Panda completed her Master Degree in Botany in 1992 from Guru Ghasidas University,Bilaspur . She has also Master Degree in English from Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur and Master Degree in Hindi from Sambalpur University. She has got more than 20 years of teaching experience.Mrs. Namita Panda is currently working as Assistant Professor (Dept. […]

Dr. Pratibha Rani Deep

Assisstant Professor in Botany, School of Applied Science, ( Bolangir Campus)
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Dr. Pratibha R. Deep works as an Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, at the Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bolangir Campus, Odisha India. She has received her M.Sc. (Botany) from Gangadhar Meher College (presently University), Sambalpur, India. She qualified GATE twice 2007 and 2012. She did her MTech in Applied Botany from IIT Kharagpur, […]