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Soil-Water Conservation Engineering and Structures

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Dr. Santosh D T

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Course Name : Soil-Water Conservation Engineering and Structures

Code(Credit) : CUTM1136(3-1-0)

Course Objectives

Understand the principles and concepts of soil and water conservation engineering and the importance of conservation practices in agricultural systems.
Gain knowledge about erosion processes, soil erosion types, and factors affecting soil erosion in agricultural landscapes.
Familiarize with various soil and water conservation techniques and structures used in agricultural land.
Learn the design principles and criteria for different soil and water conservation structures and techniques.

Course Outcomes

After learning the topic a student will be able to

COs	Course Outcomes	POs
CO1	Identify different erosion processes and assess factors contributing to soil erosion in agricultural landscapes.	PO2
CO2	Design and analyze soil and water conservation structures and techniques considering site-specific conditions and requirements.	PO3
CO3	Evaluate the effectiveness and performance of soil and water conservation structures.	PO5

PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review literature and analyze agriculture engineering problems to design, conduct experiments, analyze data and interpret data

PO3: Design /development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and to design agricultural machine components and processes with consideration for the public health, safety and eco-friendly environmental conditions

PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate modern engineering techniques and tools including prediction and modeling to complex agricultural engineering practices.

Course Syllabus

Module-I (7 hr)
• Soil erosion – Introduction.
• Causes and types of erosion.
• Agents, Factors, Effects causing erosion.
• Water erosion - Mechanics and forms of erosion.
• Stream bank erosion
• Gully Classification and Stages of gully development.
Practice (2.5 hr)
• Visit to soil erosion sites and watershed project areas for studying erosion control and water conservation measures.
• Determination of length of slope (LS) and cropping practice(CP) factors for soil loss estimation by USLE
Module-II (8.5 hr)
• Runoff harvesting – short-term and long term.
• Roof top rain water Harvesting
• Soil loss estimation – Universal soil loss equation (USLE) and modified USLE.
• Erosivity and Erodibility
• Rainfall erosivity - estimation by KE>25 and EI30 methods.
• Water erosion control measures - agronomical measures.
• Engineering measures– Contour Bunds and Graded Bunds.
• Terraces-Broad Based and Bench terrace.
Practice (5 hr)
• Computation of soil erodibility index in soil loss estimation.
• Exercises on computation of rainfall erosivity index.
• Design and layout of contour bunds.
• Design and layout of graded bunds.
• Design and layout of bench terrace.
Module-III (6.5 hr)
• Gully Control measures.
• Permanent structures for soil conservation-Drop spillway-parts and components.
• Chute spillway -parts and components
• Drop inlet spillway-parts and components
Practice (4 hr)
• Design of drop spillway.
• Design of chute spillway.
• Field visit to watershed project areas treated with soil and water conservation measures.
• Hydrologic, hydraulic and structural design of spillway.
Module-IV (8 hr)
• Hydraulic jump and its application.
• Grassed waterways and design.
• Wind erosion- Factors affecting, mechanics.
• Sediment Transportation
• Land capability classification.
• Percolation pond - site selection, design and construction details.
• Farm pond -components, site selection, capacity.
Practice (1 hr)
• Design of vegetative waterways

Session Plan

Session 1

Soil erosion – Introduction.

PDF: Introduction to soil erosion
Introduction Soil Erosion (Link)
Introduction-Soil Erosion-NPTEL
Practice-
• Visit to soil erosion sites and watershed project areas for studying erosion control and water conservation measures.

Session 2

Soil erosion and its types
PDF: Soil erosion and types
Erosion animation (Link)
Soil Erosion Causes and types(NPTEL)

Session 3

Agents, Factors, Effects causing erosion
PDF: Factors Causing erosion
Effects of erosion (Link)
Prevention of soil erosion (Link)

Session 4

Water erosion - Forms of erosion
PDF: Water erosion and its forms
Water erosion (Link)
Water erosion(NPTEL)

Session 5

Stream Bank Erosion
Icar note: Stream Bank Erosion
Stream bank erosion watch from 1.40sec(Link)

Session 6

Gully Classification and stages
PDF: Gully classification and stages
Gully erosion (Link)
Active Gully (Link)
Gully Classification(NPTEL)

Session 7

Run off harvesting
Water Harvesting notes
Water harvesting(Watch from 3Min)
Rainwater harvesting animation (Link)

Session 8

Roof top rainwater harvesting
PDF: Roof top RWH
Rooftop rainwater animation(Link)

Session 9

Soil loss estimation – Universal soil loss equation (USLE)
PDF: Soil loss estimation
Universal Soil Loss Equation (Link)
Soil loss estimation(NPTEL)
Practice-
• Determination of length of slope (LS) and cropping practice(CP) factors for soil loss estimation by USLE
• Computation of soil erodibility index in soil loss estimation.

Session 10

Erosivity and erodibility
PDF: Erosivity and erodibility
Weathering(Link)

Session 11

Rainfall erosivity - estimation by KE>25 and EI30 methods.
PDF: EI30 and KE 25
Erosivity Index (Link)
Practice-
• Exercises on computation of rainfall erosivity index.