Stress Biology and Genomics
Teacher
Dr. Satyabrata Nanda
Category
Core Courses
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Code (Credit): MMBB0517 (2-0-0)
Course Objectives
- To provide advanced knowledge on genomics with reference to abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance in plants tolerance.
CO-PO Mapping
PSO1 : Impart knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts and techniques of maintaining and enhancing soil fertility, crop production, crop management, crop improvement, biodiversity and sustainability of agriculture worldwide.
PSO2 : Develop the ability to know farming practices and their scope to improve in the rural areas and the environments.
PSO3 : Apply knowledge of basic science through Agricultural microbiology, Plant biochemistry and Biotechnology.
PSO4 : Apply knowledge of Agri-business management and finance to develop profitable agricultural system.
Syllabus
Theory
Unit I
Different kinds of stresses (biotic and abiotic) and adaptation strategies: Plant cell as a sensor of environmental changes; role of cell membranes in signal perception; Ways of signal transduction in cells and whole plants as a response to external factors. Abiotic stresses affecting plant productivity – Drought, salinity, water logging, temperature stresses, light stress and nutrient stress; Drought stress – Effects on plant growth and development; Components of drought resistance; Physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of tolerance mechanisms; Biotic stress (insect and pathogen) resistance mechanism.
Unit II
Strategies to manipulate drought tolerance – Osmotic adjustment and Osmoprotectants - synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, poly amines and sugars; ROS and antioxidants; hormonal metabolism - ABA signaling; signaling components – transcription factors. Water logging stress – effects on plant growth and metabolism; adaptation to water logging, tolerance mechanisms -hormones and flooding tolerance. Strategies for improving submergence tolerance. Salinity stress – effects on physiology and metabolism of plants, SOS pathways and ion homeostasis, Strategies to improve salinity tolerance in plants. Water logging stress – effects on plant growth and metabolism; tolerance mechanisms. Physiological and biochemical changes – High & Low temperature tolerance mechanisms - molecular basis of thermo tolerance. Morphological and physiological changes in plants due to high and low light stresses - photo oxidation -plastid development. Characters of heliophytes and sciophytes – solar tracking – sieve effect and light channeling. Heavy metal stress – Al and Cd stress - effects on plant growth and development, biotech Strategies to overcome heavy metal stress Nutrient stress- effects on plant growth and development. Genetic manipulation strategies to overcome the stress effects.
Unit III
Genomics; transcriptomes, small RNAs and epigenomes; functional genomics; transfer of tolerance/resistant genes to model plants and validation of gene function. Different techniques for the functional validation of genes. Signaling pathway related to defense gene expression, R proteins, RNAi approach and genes from pathogens and other sources, coat protein genes, detoxification genes, transgenic and disease management. Bt proteins, resistance management strategies in transgenic crops, ecological impact of field release of transgenic crops. Bioinformatics approaches to determine gene function and network in model plants under stress.
References
Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W. and Jones R, (2015) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2nd edition, Wiley and Blackwell Publications.
Sarwat, M., Ahmad, A., Abdin, M.Z. (2013) Stress Signaling in Plants: Genomics and ProteomicsPerspective, Volume 1, Springer.
HeribertHirt, (2010) Plant Stress Biology: From Genomics to Systems Biology,John Wiley. Pandey, G. K., Elucidation of Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants, Wiley.
Session Plan
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3-4
Session 5-6
Abiotic stress effects on plant growth and development and components of stress resistance.
Physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms.
Session 7
Session 8
Session 9
Session 10
Session 11
Session 12-13
Water logging stress – effects on plant growth and metabolism.
Adaptation to water logging, tolerance mechanisms -hormones and flooding tolerance.
Session 14
Session 15
Session 16
Session 17
Session 18-19
Physiological and biochemical changes – high & low temperature tolerance mechanisms. Molecular basis of thermo tolerance.
Session 20
Session 21
Session 22
Session 23
Session 24
Session 25
Session 26
Session 27
Session 28
Session 29
Session 30
Session 31
Session 32
E-materials
E-materials have been embedded in the respective session plans. Click on the session plans to get the linked e-materials.
Question Bank
Assignment topics
Our Main Teachers
Dr. Satyabrata Nanda has a Ph.D. in Biotechnology with a specialization in Plant Protection. His education includes B-Tech, M-Tech, and Ph.D. in Biotechnology. He’s received the Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for research at China National Rice Research Institute. His research is primarily focused on plant protection by using functional […]