Substation Switch gear & protection

Teacher

Madhava Rao K

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Substation Switch gear & protection

Code(Credit) : CUTM1052(2-1-1)

Course Objectives

  • •To understand the different components of substation
    •To understand the protection of different equipment in power system

Learning Outcomes

Able to understand the performance of different protection methods of different equipment

Able to understand the different components of substation and their operation

Able to design the power system switch gear

Able to understand the Maintenance of substation

Able to understand the protection control systems

Course Syllabus

Module I: Substation Systems                                                                                         (6 Hours)

 Introduction to Substation System: Definition of substation, necessity of substation, essential features, types of substation, single line diagram of substation, List and functions of each component of substation. Auxiliary systems, Over head earthing screen, Sub-station earthing system.

Practice:

1. Layout Design of 132KV & 220KV substation using MATLAB

2. Layout Design of 400KV & 750KV substation using MATLAB as per IEEE standards

Module II: Operation & Maintenance of Substations                                                 (10 Hours)

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings – Bus bar configuration, Tests on Bus bars. Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators, testing and maintenance of Power Transformers, Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators: Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial discharge test, Transformer maintenance. Current Transformer tests, Potential Transformer tests. CT and PT maintenance, Tests and maintenance of insulator

Practice:

3. Maintenance tests of CT & PT of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

4. Maintenance tests of Lightening Arrestor & Circuit Breaker of substation as per manufacturers Hand book

5. Maintenance tests of transformer as per manufacturers Hand book

 Module III: Protection & System components                                                               (5 Hours)

 Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of Fault, Effects of Faults,  Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays, Automatic Reclosing, Current Transformers for protection, Voltage Transformers for Protection.

 Module IV: Relays                                                                                                           (4 Hours)

Introduction,-Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.

Practice:

6. Designing of a Digital Relay

 Module V: Relay Operations                                                                                           (7 Hours)

Introduction, Time – current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting, Overcurrent Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay, Protection of Parallel Feeders, Protection of Ring Mains, Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay, Static Overcurrent Relays, Numerical Overcurrent Relays.

 Module VI: Protection control systems                                                                          (5 Hours)

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection

Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay, Differential Protection of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection.

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators

Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection

Practice:

7. Design of Protection Scheme using MATLAB

 Module VII: Circuit Breakers                                                                                         (8 Hours)

Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption, Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers, Oil Circuit Breakers, Air – Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers, High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers.

Practice:

8. Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Project:

Analysis of critically operating power system using MATLAB/DYMOLA

Session Plan

Session 1

Introduction to Substation System: Definition of substation, necessity of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q-aVBv7PWM

Session 2

essential features, types of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55I-PlXnoz8

Session 3

single line diagram of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huKkzrJPFU4&t=371s

Session 4

List and functions of each component of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejC7bTBQo24

Session 5

Auxiliary systems, Over head earthing screen, Sub-station earthing system

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsMO3y8bAfI

Session 6

Layout Designing of 220KV substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huKkzrJPFU4

Session 7

Testing and maintenance of Bus Bars, and Isolators: Types and ratings

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-fFbQ5BADI

Session 8

Bus bar configuration, Tests on Bus bars

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkrnQ6K1lPQ

Session 9

Types of isolators and ratings, Load Break switches, Maintenance of isolators

Session 10

Session 11

Current and Voltage Transformers and Insulators

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKYG6Zopi68

Session 12

Preliminary tests, Final tests, Impulse test, Partial discharge test, Transformer maintenance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUW62Jy8RDY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwpD_Q53nvg

Session 13

Session 14

Session 15

Maintenance tests of CT & PT of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKJeiRaWGuY

Session 16

Maintenance tests of Insulators of substation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qf1D4ekk6A

Session 17

Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults

power system fault

Session 18

Types of Fault, Effects of Faults, Zones of Protection, Primary and Backup Protection

Zone of Protection System

Session 19

Essential Qualities of Protection, Classification of Protective Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSruluVL27Y

Session 20

Automatic Reclosing, Current Transformers for protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32Vw40nUSwA

Session 21

Voltage Transformers for Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hReZZLQm7Hg

Session 22

Introduction-Electromechanical Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9renPKEtUc

Session 23

Static Relays – Merits and Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cunddFiQzrk

Session 24

Comparison between Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays

electromechanical versus numericalrelay

Session 26

Introduction, Time – current Characteristics, Current Setting, Time Setting

OC relay time characteristics

Session 27

Overcurrent Protective Schemes, Reverse Power or Directional Relay

over current protection

Session 28

Session 29

Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protection, Combined Earth Fault and Phase Fault Protective Scheme

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4i-cvfL2ws

Session 30

Phase Fault Protective Scheme, Directional Earth Fault Relay

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8sJaCdp1xk&list=PLduBE5Z3PoMX7NQ6OUhk6GRjnhQy4JaQ3

Session 31

Session 32

Numerical Overcurrent Relays

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jH7lKx7o5Ug

Session 33

Pilot Relaying Schemes: Introduction, Wire Pilot Protection, Carrier Current Protection

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_IrsNHv4aQ

pilot wire protection

Session 34

Numerical Differential Relays: Simple Differential Protection, Percentage or Biased Differential Relay

differential protection

Session 35

Differential Protection of 3 Phase Circuits, Balanced (Opposed) Voltage Differential Protection

Differential protection types

Session 36

Rotating Machines Protection: Introduction, Protection of Generators

Machine protection

Session 37

Transformer and Bus zone Protection: Introduction, Transformer Protection, Bus zone Protection, Frame Leakage Protection

Session 38

Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dW2YYABJAac

Session 39

Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Pb3y69LUYw

Session 40

Current Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current

current chopping

Session 41

Classification of Circuit Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers, Oil Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZWonKeN0mk

Session 42

Air – Blast Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1q_DNTEJ2o

Session 43

High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers, Rating of Circuit Breakers, Testing of Circuit Breakers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKXPeTvmVQg

Session 44

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Session 45

Design & simulation of Circuit breaker using 3DS Tools

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Madhava Rao K

Teaching & Learning
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He is working as  an Associate professor in Electrical & Electronics Engineering and is associated with Centurion university since 2011. He dis his Post graduate in High voltage engineering. He is having 15 years of experience in teaching & learning process. Area of Interest: Power systems and High voltage Engineering Youtube video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL5egmaRxUM