Course Objectives

•  To acquire knowledge of protective devices.
•  To acquire knowledge of different electrical devices.

Learning Outcomes

• Protect the electrical devices by protective elements.
• Compatibility to find the electrical faults.

Course Syllabus

Module I

INTRODUCTION TO SWITCHGEAR
Switchgear Equipment., Bus-Bar Arrangement, Switchgear Accommodation, Short Circuit, Faults in a power system. FAULT CALCULATION Symmetrical faults on the 3-phase system, Limitation of fault current, Percentage Reactance, Percentage Reactance, and Base KVA, Short – circuit KVA, Reactor control of short circuit currents, Location of reactors, Steps for symmetrical Fault calculations, Solve numerical problems on symmetrical fault.

FUSES Desirable characteristics of fuse element, Fuse Element materials, Types of Fuses and important terms used for fuses, Low and High voltage fuses, Current carrying capacity of fuse element, Difference Between a Fuse and Circuit Breaker.

Module II

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Definition and principle of Circuit Breaker, Arc phenomenon and principle of Arc Extinction, Methods of Arc Extinction, Definitions of Arc voltage, Re-striking voltage, and Recovery voltage, Classification of circuit Breakers, Oil circuit Breaker and its classification, Plain brake oil circuit breaker, Arc control oil circuit breaker, Low oil circuit breaker, Maintenance of oil circuit breaker, Air-Blast circuit breaker and its classification,SulphurHexafluoride(SF6) circuit breaker, Vacuum circuit breakers, Switchgear component, Problems of circuit interruption, Resistance switching, Circuit Breaker Rating.

PROTECTIVE RELAYS Definition of Protective Relay, Fundamental requirement of protective relay, Basic Relay operation(a) Electromagnetic Attraction type(,b)Induction type, Definition of following important terms, Definition of following important terms. (a) Pick-up current. (b) The current setting,(c) Plug setting Multiplier,(d) Time setting Multiplier, Classification of functional relays, Induction type overcurrent relay (Non-directional), Induction type directional power relay, Induction type directional overcurrent relay, Differential relay(a) Current differential relay(b) Voltage balance differential relay. Types of protection

Module III

PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT AND LINES

Protection of the alternator. Differential protection of alternators. Balanced earth fault protection. Protection systems for a transformer.Buchholz relay. Protection of Bus bar. Protection of Transmission line. Different pilot wire protection (Merz-price voltage Balance system)Explain the protection of feeder by overcurrent and earth fault relay.

PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE AND LIGHTING

Voltage surge and causes of overvoltage., Internal cause of overvoltage. External cause of overvoltage (lighting)Mechanism of the lightning discharge. Types of lightning strokes.The harmful effect of lightning Lightning arresters. Type of Lightning Arresters. (a) Rod-gap lightning arrester.(b) Horn-gap arrester. (c) Valve type arrester. Surge Absorber.

STATIC RELAY

Advantage of the static relay. Instantaneous overcurrent relay. Principle of IDMT relay.

Text Books:

• Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand
• Electrical power by Soni, Gupta and Bhatnagar, Dhanpat Rai & Sons

Session Plan

Session 1

LECTURE:

INTRODUCTION TO SWITCHGEAR

Switchgear Equipment., Bus-Bar Arrangement,.

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/introduction-to-switchgear-74974612

Session 2

LECTURE:

Switchgear Accommodation, Short Circuit, Faults in a power system

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/introduction-to-switchgear-74974612

Session 3

LECTURE:

Introduction to fault calculation

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

http://www.eeeguide.com/symmetrical-faults-on-3-phase-system/

Session 4

LECTURE:

Symmetrical faults on 3-phase system

STUDY MATERIALS:

Power system protection & switch gear by Bhuvanesh Oza, TMH

http://www.eeeguide.com/symmetrical-faults-on-3-phase-system/

Session 5

LECTURE:

Limitation of fault current, Percentage Reactance,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Power system protection & switch gear by Bhuvanesh Oza, TMH

http://www.eeeguide.com/symmetrical-faults-on-3-phase-system/

Session 6

LECTURE:

Reactor control of short circuit currents, Location of reactors,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand .

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj4sLHty6njAhXGknAKHRFKD-8QFjAOegQIAxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F108107028%2Fmodule4%2Flecture6%2Flecture6.pdf&usg=AOvVaw00y2_F5I_Aq7kTmz4dd_42

Session 7

LECTURE:

Steps for symmetrical Fault calculations

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand .

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj4sLHty6njAhXGknAKHRFKD-8QFjAOegQIAxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F108107028%2Fmodule4%2Flecture6%2Flecture6.pdf&usg=AOvVaw00y2_F5I_Aq7kTmz4dd_42

Session 8

LECTURE:

Solve numerical problems on symmetrical fault.

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj4sLHty6njAhXGknAKHRFKD-8QFjAOegQIAxAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F108107028%2Fmodule4%2Flecture6%2Flecture6.pdf&usg=AOvVaw00y2_F5I_Aq7kTmz4dd_42

Session 9

LECTURE:

Introduction  to FUSES

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/11/fuse-types-of-fuses.html

Session 18

LECTURE:

Classification of circuit Breakers, Oil circuit Breaker and its classification, Plain brake oil circuit breaker,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 17

LECTURE:

Definitions of Arc voltage, Re-striking voltage and Recovery voltage

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 16

LECTURE:

Arc phenomenon and principle of Arc Extinction, Methods of Arc Extinction,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 15

LECTURE:

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Definition and principle of Circuit Breaker

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand\ https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 14

LECTURE:

Difference Between a Fuse and Circuit Breaker

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 13

LECTURE:

Current carrying capacity of the fuse element

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/11/fuse-types-of-fuses.html

Session 12

LECTURE:

Low and High voltage fuses

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/11/fuse-types-of-fuses.html

Session 11

LECTURE:

Types of Fuses and important terms used for fuses,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/11/fuse-types-of-fuses.html

Session 10

LECTURE:

Desirable characteristics of fuse element, Fuse Element materials

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/11/fuse-types-of-fuses.html

Session 19

LECTURE:

Arc control oil circuit breaker, Low oil circuit breaker, Maintenance of oil circuit breaker, Air-Blast circuit breaker and its classification,SulphurHexafluoride(SF6) circuit breaker, Vacuum circuit breakers

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/AdnanSayed2/circuit-breakers-74974807?next_slideshow=1

Session 20

LECTURE:

Switchgear component, Problems of circuit interruption, Resistance switching, Circuit Breaker Rating

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/moiz89/power-system-protection-12687474?qid=13f8f4f8-b0fe-4e50-a90b-cbf469b21339&v=&b=&from_search=3

Session 21

LECTURE:

PROTECTIVE RELAYS

Definition of Protective Relay,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/moiz89/power-system-protection-12687474?qid=13f8f4f8-b0fe-4e50-a90b-cbf469b21339&v=&b=&from_search=3

Session 22

LECTURE:

Fundamental requirement of protective relay, Basic Relay operation(a) Electromagnetic Attraction type(,b)Induction type,

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/moiz89/power-system-protection-12687474?qid=13f8f4f8-b0fe-4e50-a90b-cbf469b21339&v=&b=&from_search=3

Session 23

LECTURE:

Definition of following important terms, Definition of following important terms.(a) Pick-up current.(b) The current setting,(c) Plug setting Multiplier,(d) Time setting Multiplier

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/udaywankar/protective-relay?qid=13f8f4f8-b0fe-4e50-a90b-cbf469b21339&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 38

LECTURE:

Principle of IDMT relay

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/jawaharramaya/static-relay?qid=9983948c-1969-4c3d-804e-35fcefdd41df&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session37

LECTURE:

Instantaneous over current relay

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/jawaharramaya/static-relay?qid=9983948c-1969-4c3d-804e-35fcefdd41df&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 36

LECTURE:

Advantage of static relay..

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/jawaharramaya/static-relay?qid=9983948c-1969-4c3d-804e-35fcefdd41df&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 35

LECTURE:

Introduction

To STATIC RELAY

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/jawaharramaya/static-relay?qid=9983948c-1969-4c3d-804e-35fcefdd41df&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 34

LECTURE:

Type of lightning Arresters.(a) Rod-gap lightning arrester.(b) Horn-gap arrester.(c) Valve type arrester. Surge Absorber

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/JasonKoffler/guide-to-surgeprotectiondevices?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 33

LECTURE:

Mechanism of lightning discharge. Types of lightning strokes.The harmful effect of lightning Lightning arresters

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/JasonKoffler/guide-to-surgeprotectiondevices?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 32

LECTURE:

Voltage surge and causes of overvoltage., Internal cause of overvoltage. External cause of overvoltage (lighting)

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/JasonKoffler/guide-to-surgeprotectiondevices?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 31

LECTURE:

Introduction to PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE AND LIGHTING

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 30

LECTURE:

Protection of Bus bar. Protection of Transmission line. Different pilot wire protection (Merz-price voltage Balance system)Explain protection of feeder by overcurrent and earth fault relay.

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 29

Protection systems for transformer.Buchholz relay.

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 28

LECTURE:

Protection of alternator. Differential protection of alternators. Balanced earth fault protection

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 27

LECTURE:

Introduction to PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT AND LINES

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session26

LECTURE:

Induction type directional over current relay,Differential relay(a) Current differential relay(b) Voltage balance differential relay. Types of protection

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 25

LECTURE:

Induction type directional over current relay,Differential relay(a) Current differential relay(b) Voltage balance differential relay. Types of protection

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Session 24

LECTURE:

Classification of functional relays, Induction type over current relay (Non-directional),Induction type directional power relay

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/udaywankar/protective-relay?qid=13f8f4f8-b0fe-4e50-a90b-cbf469b21339&v=&b=&from_search=1

Session 30

LECTURE:

Introduction to PROTECTION AGAINST OVER VOLTAGE AND LIGHTING

STUDY MATERIALS:

Principle of power system by V. K. Mehta, S Chand

https://www.slideshare.net/srtu99ler/protection-devices-and-the-lightning?qid=e52f3201-5f0e-4340-9474-86a50b0fa588&v=&b=&from_search=8

Case Studies

Case Studies