Waves and Optics
Teacher
Mr.T Jaganatha Patro
Category
Core Courses
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Course Name: Waves and Optics
Code(Credit) :CUTM1486(3-2-1)
Course Objectives
- To aware the students about the various phenomena of waves and optics.
- To solve many types of problems involving wave motion.
- To understand the phenomenon like Interference, Diffraction through practice mode.
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
- Understand the physics behind various phenomena in waves and optics.
- Understand various natural phenomena (like interference and diffraction) that are happening in their surroundings.
- Understand longitudinal, transverse waves and their applications.
Course Syllabus
Module-I
Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle. Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies (Beats).
Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves.Plane Progressive (Travelling) Waves.Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities. Differential Equation. The pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. The intensity of Wave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves.
Module-II
The velocity of Waves: Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. The velocity of Longitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe. Newton’s Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace’s Correction.
Module-III
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free Ends. Analytical Treatment.Phase and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to Position and Time.The energy of the Vibrating String.Transfer of Energy.normal modes of Stretched Strings. Plucked and Struck Strings. Melde’s Experiment.Longitudinal Standing Waves and Normal Modes.Open and Closed Pipes.Superposition of N Harmonic Waves.
Module-IV
Wave Optics
Interference: Huygens Principle.Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young’s double-slit experiment.Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.
Practice 1. To determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
Practice 2. To determine the refractive index of liquid using Newton's Rings.
Module-V
Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea of the form of fringes (No theory required), (2) Determination of Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) refractive index, and (5) Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer.
Practice 3. To determine the wavelength of sodium source using Michelson’s interferometer.
Practice 4. To determine the refractive index of a thin glass plate using Michelson’s interferometer.
Practice 5. To determine the wavelength of a laser using Michelson’s interferometer.
Module-VI
Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit. Circular aperture, Resolving Power of a telescope. Double slit. Multiple slits. Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating.
Practice 6. To determine the wavelength of Na source using a plane diffraction grating.
Practice 7. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
Module-VII
Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel’s Assumptions. Fresnel’s half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate. Fresnel’s Integral, Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit, and a wire.
Practice 8. To study Lissajous Figures.
Practice 9. To calculate the velocity of ultrasonic sound through different liquid media
Practice 10. To calculate the adiabatic compressibility of the given liquid
Practice 11. To calculate the beam of divergence and spot size of the given laser beam.
Practice 12. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators
Text Books
Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill.
Reference Books
1. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill
3. Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press.
4. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
5. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Fundamentals of Optics, A. Kumar, H.R. Gulati, and D.R. Khanna, 2011, R. ChandPublications.
Session Plan
Session 1
Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations:
Linearity and Superposition Principle.
Session 2
Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies (Beats).
Session 4
Assignment-1\Flip Class-1
Longitudinal and Transverse Waves.
https://www.slideshare.net/emneistadt/ch-122-waves-in-motion-ppt?next_slideshow=2
Session 6
Particle and Wave Velocities, Differential Equation
Session 7
Assignment-2\Flip Class-2
The pressure of a Longitudinal Wave.
https://www.slideshare.net/Ayushmaan_02/stationary-waves-and-progressive-waves
Session 8
Session 9
Assignment-3\Flip Class-3
Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves.
Session 10
The velocity of Waves:
The velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings
Session 11
Assignment-4\Flip Class-4
The velocity of Longitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe
https://youtu.be/bSA4gfiahNw?list=PLAGP7RjiIlU5NCq23OMxbxrznGPiSTox5
Session 12
Newton’s Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace’s Correction.
Session 13
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves:
Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free Ends.
Session 14
Assignment-5\Flip Class-5
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free End: Analytical Treatment.
Session 15
Phase and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to Position and Time
Session 19
Assignment-6\Flip Class-6
Longitudinal Standing Waves and Normal Modes.Open and Closed Pipes.
https://www.udemy.com/course/physics-of-simple-harmonic-motion-waves-sound/
Session 21
Wave Optics, Interference:
Huygens Principle
Session 22
Division of amplitude and wavefront.
Session 23
Assignment-7\Flipped Class-7
Young’s double-slit experiment.
https://www.slideshare.net/waterftw/youngs-double-slit-experiment-by-stanley-ye
Session 24
Session 26
Assignment-8\Flip Class-8
Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films.
Session 27
Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes).
Session 28
Newton’s Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index.
https://www.slideshare.net/roberteshun/chapter-7-interference
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/kamleshRawat8/newton-rings-75457682
Session 29
Practice-1
To determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
Session 30
Practice-2
To determine the refractive index of liquid using Newton's Rings.
Session 31
Interferometer:
Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea of the form of fringes (No theory required), (2) Determination of Wavelength
Session 32
Assignment-9\Flip Class-9
Michelson Interferometer-(3) Wavelength Difference.
Session 33
Michelson Interferometer-(4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility of Fringes
Session 34
Assignment-10\Flip Class-10
Fabry-Perot interferometer.
https://www.slideshare.net/prabhumohanty/michelsons-interferometer-88218415
https://www.slideshare.net/ErFarukBinPoyen/optical-instrumentation-9-interferometer
Session 35
Practice-3
To determine the wavelength of sodium source using Michelson’s interferometer.
Session 36
Practice-4
To determine the refractive index of a thin glass plate using Michelson’s interferometer
Session 37
Practice-5
To determine the wavelength of a laser using Michelson’s interferometer.
Session 39
Circular aperture, Double-slit.
Session 43
Practice-6
To determine the wavelength of Na source using a plane diffraction grating.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUA8KYv-je4&list=RDCMUCXvKiwWVq5mvrfICSfzmyug&start_radio=1&t=165
Session 44
Practice-7
To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.
Session 45
Fresnel Diffraction:
Fresnel’s Assumptions. Fresnel’s half-Period Zones for Plane Wave
Session 47
Assignment-12\Flip Class-12
Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light, Fresnel’s Integral.
Session 48
Session 49
Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit, and a wire continue
https://www.slideshare.net/shivanand1964/frsnels-theory-of-diffraction
Session 51
Practice-9
To calculate the velocity of ultrasonic sound through different liquid media
Session 52
Practice-10
To calculate the adiabatic compressibility of the given liquid
Session 53
Practice-11
To calculate the beam of divergence and spot size of the given laser beam.
Session 54
Practice-12
To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators.
Case Studies
Case Studies
Our Main Teachers
Mr.T Jaganatha Patro
Assistant Professor in School of Applied Sciences Department of Physics
VIEW PROFILEMr. T Jaganathapatro obtained his M.Sc and M.Tech degree from Berhampur University. His specializations include Electronics and Communication and Electrodynamics. He has invested 05 years of teaching and mentoring to the students in technical and non-technical institutions. He has published many papers in national and international journals of repute, and also presented papers in national […]