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Course Objectives
To equip students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles of radiation physics, types of ionizing radiation, radiation-matter interactions, and measurement techniques, while developing practical knowledge of radiation protection standards, safety protocols, and regulatory guidelines for effective application in medical, industrial, and research settings.
RADIATION PHYSICS
Module - 1
National & international regulatory agency Principles, history & development – National & international agencies, AERB, BARC, ICRP, WHO, IAEA and their role.
Module - 2
Planning of diagnostic equipment installation – Planning of X-ray equipment installation, layout, design as per regulatory guidelines. Barrier design, barrier materials – concrete, brick & lead. Primary & secondary barrier design calculations. Design of doors. Protection from primary, secondary radiation, leakage and scattered radiation.
Module - 3
Physical requirements of beam defining devices e.g. cones, diaphragm, collimators etc. Units of radiation measurements, specification of quality and half-value thickness (HVL) and its measurements, filters and filtration. Effects of variation of tube voltage (kV & mAs).
Module - 4
Measurement of radiation and dosimetry procedures. Radiation detectors and their principles of working. Definition of Bragg-peak, percentage depth dose, peak scatter factor, tissue air-ratio, tissue maximum ratio, scatter air ratio, isotope curves and radiation penumbra of different beams.
Module - 5
Wedge filters, wedge angle, hinge angle. Compensator beams, flattening filters, scattering foils. Physical properties of phantom materials, bolus and substitutes. Factors used for treatment dose calculations. Daily treatment time and monitor units calculation method. Physical aspects of electron and neutron therapy.
RADIATION PROTECTION
Module - 6
Definition of radiation hazards, maximum permissible dose and annual limit of intake (ALI), permissible dose levels on and around sealed source housing and installation, principles of radiation protection and MPD of different ICRP rules, stochastic and non-stochastic effects.
Module - 7
Importance of ‘ALARA’, physical principles of design and planning of installation, safe work practice in teletherapy and brachytherapy. Shielding materials, radiation survey (radiation protective devices) and personnel monitoring devices – film badge, TLD badges, pocket dosimeters.
Textbooks:
• Advance Medical Physics by Rehani, Publisher: Jaypee Brothers
• Radiation Physics by Faiz M Khan, Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
References:
• An Introduction to The Principles of Medical Imaging (Revised Edition) by Chris Guy & Dominic Fytche, Published by Imperial College Press
• Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements, Published in 2006 by CRC London Press New York
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Faculty from Radiology