Applied Radiation Physics and Radiation Protection

Teacher

Ms. Prathiba Malini

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name :  Applied Radiation Physics & Radiation Protection

Code(Credit) : CUTM2637 (3-0-1)

Course Objectives

To equip students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles of radiation physics, types of ionizing radiation, radiation-matter interactions, and measurement techniques, while developing practical knowledge of radiation protection standards, safety protocols, and regulatory guidelines for effective application in medical, industrial, and research settings.

Course Syllabus

RADIATION PHYSICS

Module - 1

National & international regulatory agency Principles, history & development – National & international agencies, AERB, BARC, ICRP, WHO, IAEA and their role.

 

Module - 2

Planning of diagnostic equipment installation – Planning of X-ray equipment installation, layout, design as per regulatory guidelines. Barrier design, barrier materials – concrete, brick & lead. Primary & secondary barrier design calculations. Design of doors. Protection from primary, secondary radiation, leakage and scattered radiation.

 

Module - 3

Physical requirements of beam defining devices e.g. cones, diaphragm, collimators etc. Units of radiation measurements, specification of quality and half-value thickness (HVL) and its measurements, filters and filtration. Effects of variation of tube voltage (kV & mAs).

 

Module - 4

Measurement of radiation and dosimetry procedures. Radiation detectors and their principles of working. Definition of Bragg-peak, percentage depth dose, peak scatter factor, tissue air-ratio, tissue maximum ratio, scatter air ratio, isotope curves and radiation penumbra of different beams.

 

Module - 5

Wedge filters, wedge angle, hinge angle. Compensator beams, flattening filters, scattering foils. Physical properties of phantom materials, bolus and substitutes. Factors used for treatment dose calculations. Daily treatment time and monitor units calculation method. Physical aspects of electron and neutron therapy.

 

RADIATION PROTECTION

Module - 6

Definition of radiation hazards, maximum permissible dose and annual limit of intake (ALI), permissible dose levels on and around sealed source housing and installation, principles of radiation protection and MPD of different ICRP rules, stochastic and non-stochastic effects.

 

Module - 7

Importance of ‘ALARA’, physical principles of design and planning of installation, safe work practice in teletherapy and brachytherapy. Shielding materials, radiation survey (radiation protective devices) and personnel monitoring devices – film badge, TLD badges, pocket dosimeters.

 

Textbooks:

• Advance Medical Physics by Rehani, Publisher: Jaypee Brothers
• Radiation Physics by Faiz M Khan, Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

 

References:

• An Introduction to The Principles of Medical Imaging (Revised Edition) by Chris Guy & Dominic Fytche, Published by Imperial College Press
• Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging and Blood Flow Measurements, Published in 2006 by CRC London Press New York

Module 1 (5 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 1: National & International Regulatory Agencies, Introduction to Radiation Regulatory Framework – Principles, History & Development
  • Session 2: Indian Agencies – AERB, BARC – Roles, Objectives, and Guidelines
  • Session 3: International Agencies – ICRP, WHO, IAEA – Structure & Functions
  • Session 4: Contributions of ICRP to Radiation Protection – Dose limits, risk models
  • Session 5: Regulatory Challenges and Harmonization between National and International Bodies

Module 2 (6 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 6: X-Ray Room Planning – Site Selection, Space Requirements, Planning of Diagnostic Equipment Installation
  • Session 7: Regulatory Guidelines for Room Layout & Equipment Installation
  • Session 8: Barrier Design – Types (Primary/Secondary), Concepts, Shielding Needs
  • Session 9: Barrier Materials – Concrete, Brick, Lead – Properties and Uses
  • Session 10: Radiation Leakage and Scatter – Protection Design Principles
  • Session 11: Design of Doors, Control Area & Protective Devices

Module 3 (5 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 12: Beam Defining Devices – Cones, Diaphragms, Collimators – Design & Use, Beam Defining Devices & Radiation Quality
  • Session 13: Units of Radiation Measurement – Gray, Sievert, Bq, etc.
  • Session 14: Radiation Quality – HVL, HVT – Measurement and Significance
  • Session 15: Filters & Filtration – Types, Material, Hardening of Beam
  • Session 16: Effect of Tube Voltage (kVp & mAs) on Image Quality and Dose

Module 4 (5 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 17: Radiation Detectors – Types (Ionization, Geiger, Scintillation), Principles, Radiation Measurement & Dosimetry
  • Session 18: Bragg Peak, Depth Dose Curves – Concepts and Importance
  • Session 19: Dosimetry Concepts – TMR, TAR, PSF, SAR – Definitions and Examples
  • Session 20: Isodose Curves, Beam Profiles & Radiation Penumbra
  • Session 21: Comparative Analysis of Dosimetry in Different Radiation Beams

Module 5 (5 Sessions)

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  • Session 22: Wedge Filters – Types, Angle, Purpose, Treatment Planning Accessories
  • Session 23: Beam Modifiers – Compensators, Flattening Filters, Scattering Foils
  • Session 24: Phantom Materials, Bolus & Substitutes – Purpose & Characteristics
  • Session 25: MU Calculations – Dose Factors, Daily Treatment Time
  • Session 26: Physical Aspects of Electron and Neutron Therapy

Module 6 (4 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 27: Radiation Hazards – Sources, Types, Biological Effects, Radiation Hazards & Dose Limits
  • Session 28: Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) & Annual Limit of Intake (ALI)
  • Session 29: Stochastic vs Non-Stochastic Effects – Examples and Risk Models
  • Session 30: Dose Limits per ICRP for Workers and Public

Module 7 (5 Sessions)

🔗 PPT

  • Session 31: ALARA Principle – Implementation in Clinical Practice, Radiation Protection Practices
  • Session 32: Planning of Teletherapy & Brachytherapy Installations – Safety Needs
  • Session 33: Shielding Materials – Types, Placement and Specifications
  • Session 34: Radiation Surveys, Safe Work Practices, and Legal Compliance
  • Session 35: Personnel Monitoring Devices – Film Badges, TLDs, Pocket Dosimeters

Our Main Teachers

Faculty from Radiology