Basic Equipment in Radio diagnosis                                             

Teacher

Sashisaroj T Tiwari

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Subject Code : CUTM1768

Subject type : 3+1+0

Credit: 4

Course Objectives

  • Introduction to the use of ionizing radiation for the management of cancer.

  • To get exposure to different types of clinical radiation generators.

  • Use of radioactive sources for the management of malignant and non-malignant diseases.

  • To know different areas of cancer management using advanced types of equipment.

Course Outcomes

  • Course outcome (CO)

    Mapping COs with POs  (High -3,Medium - 2, Low -1)

    At the end of the course student will be able to:

    CO1 -  Use modern linear accelerator

    PO5 (2)

    CO2 – Handle different radiotherapy equipment with proper care

    PO2(3)

    CO3 –Explain different techniques and procedures used in radiotherapy

    PO4(2)

    CO4 – Explain Harmful effects of radiation and quantification of radiation and its  use in regulated manner

    PO7(2)

SYLLABUS

Unit-1

Orthovoltage equipment with special reference to physical design equipment of tube and its accessories and interlocks, gamma ray sources used radiotherapy especially cobalt 60 source its construction and source housing and handling mechanism. Principles of isocentric Tele-isotope machines, megavoltage x-ray and electron beam accelerators and betatron.

Unit-2

Salient features of components of Linear Accelerator like tube design, wake guide, target design, beam bending system. Radio-frequency generators like magnetron and klestron. Basic principle of remote after-loading system/machines and sources used.

Practice: - Demonstration, handling and maintenance of Linear Accelerator. Demonstration, handling and maintenance of cyclotron , betatron. Demonstration, handling and maintenance of magnetron , klestron.

Unit-3

Principles of simulators and vacuum forming machines for making casts. Sterofoam template cutting system introduction to radio-surgery. Equipment and dosimetry equipment.

Practice: - Demonstration , handling and maintenance the instruments used in gamma ray production.

Suggested reading

  1. Textbook of Radiotherapy by Faiz M Khan

  2. Step by Step Management of Chemo and Radiotherapy by Krishan

  3. Principle and Practice of Nuclear Medicine and Correlative Medical Imaging by lele

Session Plan

Session 1

Preparation of patients for general radiological procedures

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/nfnajwa/patient-preparation-for-radiological-procedure

Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIlP8a3qbrY

Reference: https://www.denverhealth.org/-/media/files/departments-services/radiology-patient-preparation-instructions.pdf  

Session 2

Departmental instruction to out-patients or ward staff

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/mohammedalthaf18/responsibility-of-radiographer-153282783

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/prajwith/radiology-department-planning

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci38eN-Eu3w

Reference: https://juniperpublishers.com/ctoij/pdf/CTOIJ.MS.ID.555789.pdf  

 

Session 3

Colonic irrigations

Presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/Sashalane01/what-is-colonic-irrigation

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/Rv_252/colonic-irrigation

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw4U9-kHWls

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN3ngJuvpdc

Reference: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hydrotherapy-of-the-colon

Session 4

Flatulence and flatus causes and methods of relief

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/SUPEROXIDE/new-microsoft-powerpoint-presentation-copy-flatulence

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/natural-healing-cures/new-wordpad-document-28840713

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEld0xT4HAA

Reference: https://www.healthline.com/health/gas-flatulence

Session 5

Principles of catheterization

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yYj2a4DjiA

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/doctortvrao/urinary-catheter-careprinciples-of-care-and-asepsis

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/tozki/urinary-catheterization-2248691

Reference :  http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/m.j.jones/PDFs/Principles_of_catheterisation.pdf

Session 6

Intubation

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/nka63/endotracheal-intubation-46564829

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtJr7i7ENMY

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeNG1M9eC-E

Reference : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560730/   

Session 7

DEXA Scan:

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/jiraporn_spp/bone-densitometry-clinical-aspect

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/shrikantstilawat/dexa-pppresent

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utEZnKpAb-Q

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrpHNN6JypQ

Reference :  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry-1

Reference :   https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40134-014-0048-x

Session 8-12

Color Doppler:

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s23_d-qeEn4&t=37s

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQn8jKtwk6o

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pipx9hhl9g

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdP12GcQuME

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/shaffar75/principles-of-doppler-ultrasound

Reference : https://radiopaedia.org/articles/color-flow-doppler-ultrasound

Reference :  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580539/

Reference :  https://ecgwaves.com/topic/color-doppler/

Session 13

CT SCAN: Advancement in CT

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/mitushaverma9/advances-in-ct-technology

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/sumanduwal3/generations-and-advancement-of-ct

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GB9d-Hdbvc

Reference :

Session 14

CT SCAN: Spiral CT

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/JAMESJACKY/computed-tomography-and-spiral-computed-tomography

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSPROv0mVo8&t=6s

Session 15

CT SCAN: Spiral CT

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/JAMESJACKY/computed-tomography-and-spiral-computed-tomography

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSPROv0mVo8&t=6s

SESSION 16

Radiological Contrast agents

Video: https://youtu.be/t7AUN5gRkT0

Presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/mr_koky/contrast-media

Referencehttps://www.radiology.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/contrast-agents-tutorial.pdf 

 

SESSION 17-18

CM Side effects

Video: https://youtu.be/7vmWoiHKou4

Presentation:  https://www.slideshare.net/mohitgoel9212/contrast-media-reaction-50287812

Reference: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/741018/

 

SESSION 19 – 20

Iodinated CM

Video: https://youtu.be/4t776n1ze-Y

            https://youtu.be/tCNgogMoKB0

Presentation: https://www.slideshare.net/NaikInayat/iodinated-contrast-media

Referencehttps://www.radiology.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/contrast-agents-tutorial.pdf

Session 21

CT SCAN: Technical Aspects of various procedures in CT

Reference : https://xray.ufl.edu/patient-care/divisions/interventional-radiology/therapies/ct-guided-biopsy/

https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/patient-guide/leaflets/files/5810Pct.pdf 

Session 22

Nuclear Medicines

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfPza-R2sAY

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2OVu-JSU2Y

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/FhoodAlmatbe/nuclear-medicine-61531749

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/Saudi_nmc/what-is-nuclear-medicine-100804574

Session 23

Nuclear Medicines : Characteristic of Radionuclide

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/VictorEkpo2/everything-radionuclides-nuclear-medicine

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2jp0klZHEE

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1U6Nzcv9Vws

Session 24

PET Scan

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrTy03O0gWw

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/prikshity/2011-cs1029-pet

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/RamseySmall/positron-emission-tomography-95565611

Session 25

Mammography

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQTw_PVzdOQ

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ohkit3g58Q&t=169s

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/ArchanaKoshy/mammography-physics-and-technique

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/SumanjaliAnjali/mammography-70492319

Session 26-27

Characteristic and Description of Equipment.

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/abdulkaderhelwan/pet-ct-scan-29360768

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/brucelee55/the-physics-of-positron-emission-tomography-pet

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYGa4KBu5oo

Video:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oySvkmezdo0

 

SESSION 28

Digital Subtraction Angiographic Units

Video:  https://youtu.be/gS-qViRDzIk ,

Presentation:https://www.slideshare.net/subhayanmandal/digital-subtraction-angiography

Reference:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/digital-subtraction-angiography#:~:text=Digital%20subtraction%20angiography%20(DSA)%20is,depiction%20of%20the%20blood%20vessels.

 

Case Studies

Osteoporosis

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/hanialzo3bi/osteoporosis-48772976

Osteopenia

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/brucelee55/osteoporosisosteopenia

Biopsy

Presentation : https://www.slideshare.net/andriafadli/biopsy-29522087

Our Main Teachers

Sashisaroj T Tiwari

Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology,  SoPAHS
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