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CO 5: Create differential binocular visual condition practice in daily basis.
MODULE-I:
Fundamentals of Binocular Vision and Space Perception
Basics of Binocular Vision
MODULE-II:
Binocular Vision Anomalies and Testing
Binocular Vision Anomalies
MODULE-III:
Stereopsis and Depth Perception
Stereopsis and Depth Perception
MODULE-IV:
Ocular Movements and Binocular Integration
Ocular Movements and Anatomy
MODULE-V:
Binocular Defects and Management
Binocular Defects
Practice:
Topic: Space perception, Cyclopean eye
Study material :
PDF: Binocular Vision and Space Perception
📄 PDF: Binocular Vision Tutorial – Univ. of Iowa
🎥 Video: YouTube Lecture
Topic: Evolution of binocular vision & Advantages of binocular vision
Study Materials:
📄 PDF: Stereopsis in Animals – Evolution, Function, Mechanisms
📄 PDF: Read 2021 – Binocular Vision Across Animal Kingdom
🌐 Article: Binocular Vision (Wikipedia)
Topic: Grades of binocular vision-simultaneous perception, fusion, Stereopsis
Study Materials:
PDF: Tyler – Binocular Vision Review
PDF: Cyclopean Vision – Tyler
Topic: Visual direction, Retino motor value, Egocentric localization
Study Materials:
📄 Article: Hering’s Law of Visual Direction
📄 Web Resource: Space Perception – Webvision Utah
Topic: Corresponding point and normal retinal correspondence
Study Materials: PDF: Binocular Vision Tutorial – Univ. of Iowa
Topic: Horopter & Panum’s fusional area
Study Materials: 📄 Article: Space Perception – Webvision Utah
Topic: Physiologic diplopia , Fixation disparity
Study Materials:
Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 4: Diplopia and Fixation Disparity.
Covers physiologic diplopia (crossed/uncrossed) and fixation disparity.
Article: Binocular Functions | IntechOpen
Describes diplopia types and fixation disparity testing.
Topic: Theories of binocular vision, Physiologic basis of fusion
Study Materials: PDF: Tyler – Binocular Vision Review
Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 6: Theories of Binocular Vision.
Discusses correspondence-disparity, neurophysiological, and isomorphism theories.
Topic: Binocular rivalry
Study Materials:
Textbook: Steinman et al., Foundations of Binocular Vision, Chapter 7: Binocular Rivalry and Suppression.
Explains rivalry when non-fusible images are presented.
Topic: Suppression & Confusion
Study Materials:
Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 3: Sensory Adaptations.
Covers suppression and confusion in strabismus.
Topic: Blind spot syndrome,
Study Materials:Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 8: Strabismus and Sensory Adaptations. Describes blind spot syndrome and eccentric fixation.
Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 3: Sensory Adaptations.
Covers suppression and confusion in strabismus.
Topic: Eccentric Fixation
Study Materials:Textbook: Steinman et al., Foundations of Binocular Vision, Chapter 9: Advanced Binocular Phenomena.
Covers dichoptic stimulation types like rivalry and suppression.
Topic: Stereopsis- neurophysiology of stereopsis, local and global stereopsis and fusion
Study Materials: Textbook: Howard & Rogers, Seeing in Depth, Vol. 2, Chapter 6: Stereopsis Mechanisms.
Explains local/global stereopsis and neural basis in V1/V2.
https://www.jennyreadresearch.com/download/basic_science/Read2021.pdf
Topic: Depth perception- non stereoscopic clues to the perception of depth under binocular condition, monocular cues and its types
Study Materials: Textbook: Howard & Rogers, Seeing in Depth, Vol. 2, Chapter 3: Monocular and Binocular Depth Cues.
Details cues like motion parallax and shading.
Topic: Influence of accommodation and convergence on depth perception
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 7: Sensory-Motor Integration.
Topic: Integration of the motor and sensory system into binocular vision
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 7: Sensory-Motor Integration.
Covers sensory fusion and motor alignment coordination.
Topic: Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles - Rectii, Obliques and LPS, Innervation & Blood Supply
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 2: Anatomy of Extraocular Muscles.
Details recti, obliques, levator palpebrae superioris, and innervation.
Topic: Physiology of Ocular movements - Center of rotation, Axes of Fick,
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 3: Physiology of Eye Movements.
Explains center of rotation and Fick’s axes (X, Y, Z).
Practice session:
Topic Action, Laws of ocular motility - Donder’s and Listing’s law,
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 4: Laws of Ocular Motility.
Discusses Donder’s and Listing’s laws.
Topic: Synoptophore for fusion, stereopsis and simultaneous perception
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 9: Orthoptic Instruments.
Topic: Worth four dot test
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 5: Diagnostic Testing.
Topic: Sherrington’s law, Hering’s law
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 4: Laws of Ocular Motility.
Topic: Influence of binocular optical defects- visual acuity, anisometropia,
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 6: Anisometropia and Aniseikonia.
Topic: anisokenia, geometric
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 6: Anisometropia and Aniseikonia.
Topic: optical effects of spectacles
Study Materials: Textbook: Sharma, Strabismus Simplified, Chapter 10: Optical Corrections.
Topic: Binocular muscular co-ordination – orthophoria
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 5: Orthophoria and Heterophoria.
Practice session:
Topic: Neutral density filters
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 5: Diagnostic Testing.
Topic: Uniocular & Binocular movements – Fixation & its field, saccadic & pursuits,
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 3: Physiology of Eye Movements.
Covers fixation, saccades, and pursuits.
Topic: Version &Vergence lecture
Study Materials:Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 6: Vergence and Version Movements.
Explains version (conjugate) and vergence (disjugate) movements.
Topic: Amblyopia :Classsification
Study Materials: Textbook: Sharma, Strabismus Simplified, Chapter 7: Amblyopia.
Classifies amblyopia (strabismic, anisometropic, deprivation).
Topic: Amblyopia :Aeitiology, Investigation,
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 7: Amblyopia.
Discusses causes and diagnostic tests (e.g., visual acuity, cover test).
Topic: Amblyopia :Investigation, Management
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 7: Amblyopia Management.
Details investigation and treatments (e.g., patching, atropine).
Topic: Amblyopia :Investigation, Management
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 7: Amblyopia.
Covers advanced management techniques (e.g., vision therapy).
Topic: Nystagmus: Classsification ,Aeitiology
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 10: Nystagmus.
Classifies nystagmus (congenital, acquired, jerk, pendular) and causes.
Topic: Nystagmus: Investigation, management
Study Materials: Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 12: Nystagmus.
Covers diagnostics (e.g., electronystagmography) and treatments.
Practice Session:
Topic: Saccades and pursuit test
Study Materials: Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 8: Eye Movement Disorders.
Describes saccade and pursuit testing protocols.
Practice Session:
Topic: Bagolini test:
Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 9: Orthoptic Instruments.
Explains Bagolini glasses for retinal correspondence and suppression.
Study Materials:
Topic: Nystagmus: Classsification ,Aeitiology, Investigation, Management
Study Materials:
Textbook: Von Noorden, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, Chapter 12: Nystagmus.
Comprehensive nystagmus overview.
Practice Session:
Topic: Red filter test;
Textbook: Scheiman & Wick, Clinical Management of Binocular Vision, Chapter 5: Diagnostic Testing.
Explains red filter test methodology.
Practice Session:
Topic: stereopsis evaluation tests,;
Study Materials: Textbook: Rowe, Clinical Orthoptics, Chapter 9: Orthoptic Instruments.
Covers random-dot and contour stereo tests.
Assistant Professor in Optometry Department
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