Course Details
| Course Code | Course Title | Credits | Credit Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| CUBI2550 | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING | 4 | (2+1+1) |
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| Course Code | Course Title | Credits | Credit Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| CUBI2550 | BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING | 4 | (2+1+1) |
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
| CO Code | Course Outcome Statement | Bloom’s Level |
|---|---|---|
| CO1 | Describe and interpret major metabolic pathways and their role in energy production. | Understanding |
| CO2 | Explain the principles and functioning of microscopy, spectroscopy, and chromatography. | Understanding |
| CO3 | Analyze biochemical substances using various laboratory techniques. | Analyzing |
| CO4 | Apply techniques like gel electrophoresis, chromatography, and buffer preparation. | Applying |
| CO5 | Demonstrate laboratory skills in preparing, estimating, and analyzing biomolecules. | Applying |
| CO / PO | PO1 | PO2 | PO3 | PO4 | PO5 | PO6 | PO7 | PO8 | PO9 | PO10 | PO11 | PO12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| CO2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| CO3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| CO4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| CO5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
3 – Strong Contribution | 2 – Moderate Contribution | 1 – Low Contribution | – – No Significant Contribution
| Topic | Details |
|---|---|
| Overview of Metabolism | Basic concepts and metabolic design |
| Bioenergetics | Energy currency of the cell, ATP generation, redox reactions |
| Metabolic Pathways | • Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) • Oxidative Phosphorylation • Pentose Phosphate Pathway • Gluconeogenesis • Glycogen and Disaccharide Metabolism • Amino Acid Degradation and Urea Cycle |
| Topic | Details |
|---|---|
| Water Chemistry & Buffers | Properties of water, pH and buffer systems |
| Microscopy | Principles & instrumentation of: • Phase Contrast Microscopy • Ultraviolet & Interference Microscopy • Fluorescence Microscopy • Electron Microscopy – Scanning & Transmission • Confocal Microscopy |
| Spectroscopy | Beer–Lambert’s Law, Principles & applications of: • UV Spectroscopy • Visible Spectroscopy • IR Spectroscopy |
| Chromatography | Basic principles and applications of: • Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) • Column Chromatography • High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) • Gas Chromatography (GC) |
| Electrophoresis | • Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for Nucleic Acids • Protein Electrophoresis: PAGE, SDS-PAGE • Isoelectric Focusing |
| Practical Component | Details / Activities |
|---|---|
| Preparation of Solutions & Buffers | Preparation of molar, normal, and percentage solutions; buffer systems and their applications |
| Preparation of Defined pH Solutions | Use of pH meter and pH adjustment techniques |
| Qualitative Reagent Tests | • Carbohydrates • Amino Acids |
| Protein Estimation | Lowry’s Method for quantitative protein estimation |
| Pigment Separation | Paper Chromatography for separation of plant pigments |
| Gel Electrophoresis | • Agarose gel electrophoresis for nucleic acids • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE/SDS-PAGE) for proteins |
| Sterilization Techniques | Autoclaving, dry heat sterilization, filtration methods |
| Session No. | Module | Topic | Sub-Topics / Activities | Learning Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Module 1 | Introduction to Metabolism | Metabolic design and pathways | LO1 |
| 2 | Module 1 | Bioenergetics | ATP, redox reactions | LO1 |
| 3 | Module 1 | Glycolysis I | Steps, enzymes | LO1 |
| 4 | Module 1 | Glycolysis II | Energetics & regulation | LO1 |
| 5 | Module 1 | TCA Cycle I | Entry reactions | LO1 |
| 6 | Module 1 | TCA Cycle II | Energetics profile | LO1 |
| 7 | Module 1 | Oxidative Phosphorylation | ETC & ATP synthase | LO1 |
| 8 | Module 1 | Pentose Phosphate Pathway | Oxidative & non-oxidative phases | LO1 |
| 9 | Module 1 | Gluconeogenesis | Bypass reactions | LO1 |
| 10 | Module 1 | Glycogen Metabolism | Synthesis & breakdown | LO1 |
| 11 | Module 1 | Disaccharide Metabolism | Sucrose, lactose pathways | LO1 |
| 12 | Module 1 | Amino Acid Catabolism | Deamination, transamination | LO1 |
| 13 | Module 1 | Urea Cycle | Cycle, disorders | LO1 |
| 14 | Module 1 | Metabolic Integration | Cross-talk between pathways | LO1 |
| 15 | Module 2 | Water Chemistry | pH, ionization, properties | LO2 |
| 16 | Module 2 | Buffer Systems | Henderson–Hasselbalch | LO2 |
| 17 | Module 2 | Microscopy I | Phase contrast, UV, fluorescence | LO2 |
| 18 | Module 2 | Microscopy II | SEM, TEM, confocal | LO2 |
| 19 | Module 2 | Spectroscopy Basics | Beer-Lambert law | LO2 |
| 20 | Module 2 | UV/Vis/IR Spectroscopy | Principles & applications | LO2 |
| 21 | Module 2 | Chromatography Basics | TLC, Column | LO3 |
| 22 | Module 2 | HPLC | Principle, operation | LO3 |
| 23 | Module 2 | Gas Chromatography | Instrumentation | LO3 |
| 24 | Module 2 | Electrophoresis I | Agarose for DNA/RNA | LO3 |
| 25 | Module 2 | Electrophoresis II | PAGE, SDS-PAGE, IEF | LO3 |
| 26 | Module 2 | Spectral Data Interpretation | Case analyses | LO3 |
| 27 | Module 2 | Chromatography Case Studies | Plant pigments, proteins | LO3 |
| 28 | Module 3 | Integration of Techniques | Choosing correct analytical tool | LO4 |
| 29 | Module 3 | Metabolic Engineering Concepts | Flux balance, applications | LO4 |
| 30 | Module 3 | Protein Engineering Basics | Functional modifications | LO4 |
| 31 | Module 3 | Case Studies | Industrial enzymes | LO4 |
| 32 | Module 3 | Metabolic Disorders | Clinical relevance | LO4 |
| 33 | Module 3 | Experimental Design | Controls, variables | LO4 |
| 34 | Module 3 | Data Interpretation | Spectral & gel data | LO4 |
| 35 | Module 3 | Instrumentation Troubleshooting | Common faults | LO4 |
| 36 | Module 3 | Comparing Analytical Tools | Chromatography vs electrophoresis | LO4 |
| 37 | Module 3 | Industrial Applications | Fermentation & bioprocessing | LO4 |
| 38 | Module 3 | Revision – Module 1 | Quick review | LO1–4 |
| 39 | Module 3 | Revision – Module 2 | Discussion | LO1–4 |
| 40 | Module 3 | Comprehensive Review | Exam preparation | LO1–4 |
| Practical No. | Title / Experiment | Activities / Tasks | Expected Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | Introduction to Laboratory Safety | PPE, safety rules, emergency procedures | Understand biochemical lab safety |
| P2 | Glassware Handling & Calibration | Pipettes, burettes, volumetric flasks | Accurate measurement skills |
| P3 | Preparation of Solutions | Normality, molarity, stock & working solutions | Prepare chemical solutions accurately |
| P4 | Buffer Preparation | Prepare buffer using Henderson–Hasselbalch | Master buffer formulations |
| P5 | pH Meter Handling | Calibration & pH measurement | Operate pH meter accurately |
| P6 | Qualitative Tests for Carbohydrates | Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, iodine tests | Identify carbohydrate types |
| P7 | Qualitative Tests for Amino Acids | Ninhydrin, xanthoproteic test | Detect amino acids in samples |
| P8 | Protein Estimation – Lowry Method | Standard curve, sample estimation | Quantify proteins |
| P9 | Protein Estimation – Bradford Method | Assay setup, absorbance reading | Understand dye-binding assay |
| P10 | Spectrophotometer Operation | Wavelength setting, blanking, absorbance | Use UV–Vis spectrophotometer |
| P11 | Beer–Lambert Law Experiment | Absorbance vs concentration | Interpret spectroscopic data |
| P12 | Paper Chromatography | Separation of plant pigments | Analyze chromatogram |
| P13 | Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Rf calculation | Perform TLC separation |
| P14 | Column Chromatography | Packing, loading, elution | Separate biomolecules |
| P15 | Agarose Gel Electrophoresis | Gel casting, loading, staining | Separate DNA/RNA |
| P16 | PAGE – Protein Separation | Gel preparation, SDS denaturation | Resolve proteins |
| P17 | Isoelectric Focusing | Protein separation by pI | Understand pI-based separation |
| P18 | Microscopy – Bright Field | Focusing, slide preparation | Operate microscope |
| P19 | Microscopy – Fluorescence | Staining & visualization | Analyze fluorescent samples |
| P20 | Enzyme Kinetics | Michaelis-Menten plotting | Determine enzyme parameters |
| P21 | Substrate Specificity Experiment | Different enzyme substrates | Identify substrate preference |
| P22 | Temperature Effect on Enzymes | Reaction rate vs temperature | Understand temperature dependence |
| P23 | pH Effect on Enzymes | Determine optimum pH | Interpret pH profiles |
| P24 | Sterilization Techniques | Autoclave, filtration, dry heat | Perform aseptic procedures |
| P25 | Microbial Culture Handling | Media prep, inoculation | Maintain microbial cultures |
| P26 | Extraction of Plant Pigments | Solvent extraction | Isolate pigments |
| P27 | DNA Isolation (Demo) | Plant DNA extraction | Understand extraction principles |
| P28 | Protein Extraction | Tissue homogenization | Extract proteins |
| P29 | Interpretation of Electrophoresis Results | Band analysis and documentation | Interpret gel images |
| P30 | Final Revision & Viva | Complete practical viva & review | Demonstrate overall competency |
| S.No. | Title | Authors / Publisher |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry | David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox – W.H. Freeman |
| 2 | Biochemistry | Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer – W.H. Freeman |
| 3 | Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | Keith Wilson & John Walker – Cambridge University Press |
| 4 | Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques | Upadhyay, Upadhyay, Nath – Himalaya Publishing House |