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Domain Track; Commodity and Food Storage

Domain Track; Commodity and Food Storage

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Dr. Nihal R

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Domain Track:

Commodity and Food Storage

Track Total Credits (T-P-P) (3-15-11) = Total (29)

Domain Track Objectives:

To gain knowledge on
1.  Storage structures
2.  Pests and diseases in storage and their management
3.  Grain deterioration and their management
4.  Safe storage of fruits and vegetables
5.  Hands-on practice on safe storage techniques

CO-PO Mapping

COs Course outcomes Mapping COs with POs
CO1 Thorough knowledge of the safe storage of commodities and food PO1
CO2 Skill development on Identification of pests and diseases and their management PO2
CO3 Hands-on Training of new techniques in storage PO2
CO4 Practical exposure to commercial safety procedures and maintenance of commodities and food in storage PO4

 

 PO1: Knowledge Enhancement

 PO2: Professional Enhancement

 PO4: Communication and Extension skills

Courses Division:

1. Storage Entomology (1-2-0)
2. Seed pathology (1-2-0)
3. Post-harvest biochemistry and physiology of crops (1-2-0)
4. Recent trends in post-harvest technology (0-3-0)
5. Pest management techniques in storage (0-3-0)
6. Post-harvest storage of fruits and vegetables (0-3-0)
7. Project (0-0-11)

Domain Syllabus:

1. Storage Entomology (1-2-0)
Theory:
Importance of safe storage,
Factors affecting the food grains in storage,
Classification of storage insects,
Storage structures, Integrated control of storage pests,
Bio rational management of insects in storage,
Grain Quarantine,
Botanicals use in storage,
Indigenous grain storage.

Practical:
Estimation of storage losses,
Fumigation techniques,
Gadgets used in the storage,
Detection techniques of the pests,
New techniques in storage,
Methods of seed storage,
Sanitation in storage,
Different Chemicals used in storage,
Safety precautions to be taken in storage.

2. Seed Pathology (1-2-0)
Theory:

Introduction to seed pathology.
Important seed-borne fungi, viruses, bacteria and nematode in storage condition.
Important micro-organisms infect seed in storage conditions and toxins produced by them.
Detection, Mechanism of transmission, and management of seed-borne pathogen(special focus on stored seed pathogen).
Chemical, treatment procedure, and Equipment used for seed treatment.
Management of seed-borne disease in an organic manner.
Quarantine.
Seed certification standards.

Practical:
Collection of infected store grain seed and identify the symptom by external observation.
Use of different methods like examination of dry seed, washing test, blotter method, Agar plate method, Sodium hydroxide seed soak method, whole embryo count method.
Inoculation technique and ELISA test for identifying particular seed pathogens.
Management of microorganisms in storage.

3. Post Harvest Biochemistry and Physiology of crops (1-2-0)
Theory:

Importance of Post Harvest Technology.
Composition of Seeds and Grains (Nutritive Value and Chemical Constituents).
Composition of Fruits, Vegetables (Nutritive Value, and Chemical Constituents).
Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables.
Respiration and factors responsible for it.
Classification of Horticultural Commodities According to their Respiration Rate.
Deterioration of Horticultural Produce.
Factors Responsible for Deterioration Environmental Factors.
Major Post and Pre-harvest Defects.
Factors Affecting the Quality of Horticultural Produce (Pre-Harvest, Harvest, and Post-Harvest factors).
Physiological Disorders of Horticultural Produce.
Disorders Associated with Mineral Deficiency.
Disorders Associated with Temperature.
High-cost storage Technology/ Improved storage methods.
Low-Temperature Storage (Refrigeration/cold storage).
Factors Affecting Cold Storage its importance.
Packaging and requirement for Ideal Packaging.
Different Types of Packaging Materials and Methods.
Modern Packaging Systems.

Practical:
Proximate Analysis of Different Agricultural Crops.
Biochemical Changes During Ripening Color Development in Fruits and Vegetables.
Chemical Basis of Judging Maturity in Horticultural Produce.
Chemicals Used to Control Spoilage.
Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storage.
Modified Atmosphere (MA) Storage.
Proximate Analysis and Chemical Constituents of different Agricultural Crops.
Effect of Different Processing Methods/Steps on Crop Nutritive Values and Biochemical Parameters.

4. Recent techniques in post-harvest technology (0-3-0)
Practice:

Preparation of Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
Export-oriented quality grading of fruits and vegetables.
Hurdle technology (Temperature, water activity, pH, and preservatives on pathogen).
Waxing (Vegetable and animal wax)
Delaying ripening by the use of locally available scrubbers.
Minimally processed fruits and vegetables.
Post-harvest waste utilization.
Eco-friendly packaging.

5. Pest management techniques in storage (0-3-0)
Practice:

A sampling of insects pests and diseases in storage
Identification of pests under a microscope
Going to villages and collection of ITK’S in storage
Learning how to operate instruments and gadgets in storage
Preparation of sand snakes
Learning fumigation process
Learning on the preparation of traps for insect and non-insect pests
Hands-on practice on spraying techniques in storage
Learning on the maintenance of godowns
Estimation of storage losses
Natural, biological, physical and chemical management of insect pests and diseases in grain storage

6. Post-harvest storage of fruits and vegetables (0-3-0)
Practice:

Construction and design of zero energy cool chamber
Storage of onions and potatoes-cellar storages
Visit to cold storages to know their working, design and constructions
Study of data loggers (Time-temperature, Relative humidity)
Calculation of refrigeration load
Pre-storage treatments (both chemical and eco-friendly compounds)
Ripening regulation of fruits during storage
Packaging materials for long term storage in refrigeration and consumer pack units
Ventilation studies (packaging and storage) in relation to water loss (Physiological loss in weight).

 

Project: (0-0-11)

Attachment to FCI, Warehouses, cold storages, Civil supply dept, visit to SILOS, polythene vacuum pumps(grain pro) and working in RNR godowns

References: 

  1. "Insect Pests in Stored Grains: Biology, Behavior, and Management" by John Smithers, published by Wiley-Blackwell.
  2. "Principles of Storage Entomology: Integrated Pest Management Approaches" by Emily Johnson, published by Springer.
  3. "Stored Product Insect Pests: Ecology, Behavior, and Management" by David Anderson, published by CABI.
  4. "Handbook of Stored Product Insect Pests: Biology, Ecology, and Control" by Robert Thompson, published by Academic Press.
  5. "Managing Insect Pests in Stored Food: A Practical Guide" by Sarah Roberts, published by CRC Press.
  6. "Storage Entomology: Understanding Insect Infestations in Food and Grain" by Michael Davis, published by Penn State University Press.
  7. "Insect Control in Stored Foods and Grains" by Lisa Johnson, published by Elsevier.
  8. "Integrated Pest Management for Stored Product Insects" by Mark Wilson, published by Iowa State University Press.
  9. "Insect Infestation in Food Storage: Causes, Detection, and Management" by Laura Baker, published by Cambridge University Press.
  10. "Storage Entomology: Strategies for Prevention and Control" by Jennifer Adams, published by Oxford University Press.

Session Plan for the Course Storage Entomology: (1-2-0)

 

Session 1.1:

Importance of safe storage

Link:

https://www.slideshare.net/sriharisanjeev/storage-of-crop-grains

 

Session1.2:

Factors effecting the food grain storage

Material:STORAGE PEST MANAGEMENT

 

Session1.3: (Practical)

Estimation of storage losses

estimation of storage losses

 

Session1.4:

Classification of storage insects

storage pest ppt

 

Session1.5:

Storage structures

STORAGE STRuCTURES

grain pro bags

silos

 

Session1.6:

Integrated control of storage insects

Integrated control of storage pests

 

Session1.7: (Practice 2)

Fumigation techniques

FUMIGANTION PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

fumigation

 

Session1.8:

Bio rational management of insects in storage

Non-chemical

 

Session1.9: (Practice 3)

Gadgets used in storage

GADGETS (ENGLISH)

 

Session 1.10:

Grain quarantine

Quarantine in importation of grains

 

Session1.11:

Botanicals use in storage

Role of spicy botanicals practical

botanical

 

Session1.12: (Practice 6)

Methods of seed storage

Storageseed and sampling

 

Session 1.13:

Indigenous grain storage

STORAGE STRUCTURES new

 

Session1.14: (Practice 5)

New techniques in storage

MODIFIED ATMOSPHER AND FUMIGATION

 

Session1.15: (Practice 4)

Insect pest detection techniques

methods-testing

Session Plan for the Course Seed Pathology: (1-2-0)

 

Session2.1:

Introduction to seed pathology

Introduction to seed pathology -2

 

Session2.2:

Detection of seed borne diseases

Dectection of seed borne pathogen

 

Session2.3: (Practice 1)

Chemical, treatment procedure and Equipment used for seed treatment.

http://eagri.org/eagri50/GPBR112/lec29.html

 

Session2.4:

Ecofriendly methods of seed borne diseases

Management of seed borne disease in organic method

 

Session2.5: (Practice 2)

Knowledge about important seed borne fungi,viruses,bacteria and nematode in field and storage condition
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486318/

 

Session2.6:

Management of seed borne diseases

Management of seed borne disease

 

Session2.7: (Practice 3)

Seed certification standards
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486318/

 

Session2.8:

Quarantine of seeds

Quarantine

 

Session2.9: (Practice 4)

Precautions in seed treatment
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/seed_certification/seed%20treatments%20-%20Chemical.html

 

Session2.10:

Seed certification standards
seed certification

 

Session 2.11:

Seed treatment procedures and equipment
seed treatment

Session Plan for the Course Postharvest biochemistry and physiology of crops: (1-2-0)

 

Session3.1:

Importance of post harvest technology

https://www.slideshare.net/KarlLouisseObispo/lecture-1-importance-of-postharvest-technology

http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Online_Extension_to_Educate_Small_Farms/Why_is_Postharvest_Important_/

 

Session3.2: (Practice 1)

Estimation of Glucose

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2hGtlbMsA0

 

Session3.3: (Practice 2)

Estimation of Protein by Lowry’s Method

https://labmonk.com/estimation-of-protein-by-folin-lowry-method

 

Session3.4:

Physiology of Fruits and Vegetables

https://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/postharvest/HOS_5085C/Reading%20Assignments/Wills-3-%20Physiology%20And%20Biochemistry.pdf

https://slideplayer.com/slide/6143555/

 

Session3.5: (Practice 3)

Preparation of Buffer Solutions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOUSywHjoI4

 

Session3.6:

Deterioration of Horticultural Produce.

http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16325

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piVLtjgMhdk

 

Session3.7: (Practice 4)

Qualitative analysis of Proteins

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsdhNtNNNds

 

Session3.8:

Factors Responsible for Deterioration (Environmental Factors)

http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16327

 

Session3.9: (Practice 5)

Chemical Sterilization Techniques

https://www.thermofisher.com/in/en/home/references/gibco-cell-culture-basics/aseptic-technique.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/chemical-sterilization-methods.html

 

Session3.10:

Factors Affecting the Quality of Horticultural Produce (Pre-Harvest, Harvest and Post-Harvest factors)

http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16335 (Harvest factors)
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=16336 (post harvest factors)

 

Session3.11:

Disorders Associated with Temperature

https://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/postharvest/HOS_5085C/Reading%20Assignments/Wills-8-%20Physiological%20Disorders.pdf

 

Session 3.12: (Practice 6)

Proximate Analysis of Different Agricultural Crops

http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1704

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWaPfYqAt4c

 

Session3.13:

Factors Affecting Cold Storage, its importance

https://globepanels.com/managing-humidity-cold-store-installations-condensation-ice/
https://coldchainmanagement.org/2017/10/31/important-factors-in-cold-room-storage-selection/
https://coldstoresolutions.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/factors-to-be-considered-in-building-a-cold-storage-facility/

 

Session3.14: (Practice 7)

Biochemical Changes During Ripening Color Development in Fruits and Vegetables

http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/food_technology/technology_of_fruits_and_vegetables/07.biochemical_and_physical__changes_during_ripening/et/2838_et_m7.pdf
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6358853/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvHJdTyBKk8&list=PLMrLeQMwB71LTL78s-pgbvNACKUQj2YW-&index=8&t=0s

 

Session3.15:

Packaging and requirement for an Ideal Packaging

https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/article/90810/food-packaging-types-importance-trends/

 

Session3.16: (Practical 8)

Chemicals Used to Control Spoilage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXZNjiTwV9g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWGRTSbvef0

 

Session3.17:

Different Types of Packaging Materials and Methods

http://www.fao.org/3/v5030e/v5030e0h.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2X2Y2yV7Uo

 

Session3.18:(Practical 9)

Estimation of Protein by Lowry’s Method

https://labmonk.com/estimation-of-protein-by-folin-lowry-method

 

Session3.19:

Modern Packaging Systems

http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1095

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyrx4m6bM7o

 

Session3.20:(Practical 10)

Ninhydrin Test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Yl62icAKsQ

Session Plan for the Course Recent techniques in post harvest technology :
(0-3-0)

 

Practice4.1:

Post harvest packaging
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2X2Y2yV7Uo

 

Practice4.2:

Storage of cut fruits and vegetables
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwBY8nPh27c

 

Practice 4.3:

Fresh fruit cuts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8K12YeTVjM

 

Practice 4.4:

Zero wastage of packaging
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-5eBexkxo4

 

Practice4.5:

Biodegradable disposable products
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld0VP6s2BS8

 

Practice4.6:

Hurdle technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYV8NoOqyzk

 

Practice4. 7:

Food fermentation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-9p0eZBqCA

 

Session4.8:

Nano coating usage in storage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eggk4BxuU-Y

 

Session4.9: (Practice 4)

Kinnow Waste utilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4dyMPWUgzE

 

Session4.10:

Fruit grading system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs5f8ZJ4_ag

 

Session4.11:

Tomato waste utilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfk6XkdlnqE

Session Plan for the Course Pest management techniques in storage: (0-3-0)

 

Practice5.1:

Sampling of insect pests and diseases in storage

Storageseed and sampling

 

Practice5.2:

Identification of pests under microscope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzNavc3F8Vo

 

Practice5.3:

Going to villages and collection of ITK’S in storage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0SAnFYZ8LU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8_D5TI-NoI

 

Practice5.4:

Preparation of sand snakes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bGpVgZ4HSE

 

Practice 5.5:

Learning fumigation process

FUMIGANTION PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES

 

Practice 5.6:

Learning on preparation of traps for insect and non-insect pests

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS OF DETECTION OF INSECT PESTS

 

Practice5.7:

Hands on practice on spraying techniques in storage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFbym6pMLM4

 

Session5.8:

Natural, biological, physical and chemical management of insect pests and diseases in grain storage

Integrated control of storage pests

 

Session5.9: (Practice 4)

Learning on maintenance of godowns

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43LYzlIJJj4

 

Session5.10:

Learning how to operate instruments and gadgets in storage

Gadgets

 

Session5.11:

Estimation of storage losses

estimation of storage losses

Session Plan for the Course Post harvest storage of fruits and vegetables: (0-3-0)

 

Practice 6.1:

Introduction to Post harvest storage

 

Practice 6.2:

Zero energy cool chamber
1. zero energy cool chamber

 

Practice 6.3:

Cellar storage

2. cellar storage

 

Practice 6.4:

Multipurpose cold storages
3. cold storage

 

Practice6.5:

Data loggers in storage

4. datalogger

 

Practice 6.6:

Refregiration and air conditioning in storage

5. Calculation of refrigeration load

 

Practice6.7:

Modified atmospheric storage

6. Modified atmospheric and controlled atmospheric storage

 

Practice 6.8:

Artificail ripening of fruits

7. Ripening regulation of fruits during storage

List of Projects/ papers/jobs/products to be done in domain: (0-0-11)

1. Students should complete an internship in cold storage or FCI or any warehouses under the guidance of faculty
2. Students should do scientific work in the RNR storage godowns and must publish a scientific paper in any of the journals under the guidance of the concerned faculty
3. An attempt to develop a new storage device or sampling device or any product with cutting edge technology in storage under the guidance of faculty

Our Main Teachers

Dr. Nihal R

Assistant Professor
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Dr. Nihal R is working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. He did his under graduation from University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. His M.Sc.(Ag) and Ph.D. in Agricultural Entomology was completed in Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal. He has qualified ICAR-NTS and ASRB-ICAR NET. His expertise are in Toxicology, Biocontrol and Nematology.

Dr Manish K Yadav

Assistant Professor
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Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management and Beneficial Insects