Concepts of diseases and techniques related to anaesthesia

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Ms.K.S.R.G. Sowgandhika

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Subject Code Name of the Subject T-Pr-Pi Credits
CUTM 1821 CONCEPTS OF DISEASES AND TECHNIQUES RELATED TO ANESTHESIA 3-0-1 4

 

Course Objectives

 

  1. To provide comprehensive knowledge of anesthesia principles, patient preparation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care.
  2. To train learners in systematic preoperative assessment, safe anesthetic administration, and postoperative complication management.
  3. To enhance skills in equipment preparation, drug administration, monitoring, and patient safety measures.
  4. To prepare students for handling minor and major anesthesia-related complications, including high-risk cardiac and systemic conditions.
  5. To develop competency in managing water-electrolyte imbalances, acid-base disorders, and endocrine conditions in the perioperative setting.

 

 Course Outcomes

 

CO1: Understand the principles and preparation steps for safe anesthesia practice.

 

CO2: Demonstrate preoperative assessment and preparation for various patient profiles.

 

CO3: Apply intraoperative monitoring and anesthetic techniques in different surgical situations.

 

CO4: Identify and manage postoperative complications, minor sequelae, and catastrophic events.

 

 

 

 

Module I: Introduction : First successful clinical demonstration: Balanced anesthesia, Minimum standard of anaesthesia, Who should give anaesthesia?, Ten golden rules of anaesthesia, Assess & prepare, starve, check the drugs and equipment suction, keep the airway clear, be ready to control ventilation have a vein open, monitor pulse & BP, have someone in the room to apply cricoids pressure – if needed.

 

Module II: Pre-op preparation: Pre anaesthetic assessment, History – HOPI, Past history – disease

/surgery / anesth, Personal history – smoking / alcohol, General physical assessment, Systemic examination – CVS, RS, CNS, PA Local examination.

 

Module III: Investigations and Pre-anaesthetic orders

Routine – Urine, E.C.G, Chest x-ray

Patient – Informed consent, NPO

Premedication – advantages, drugs used, Special instructions – if any, Machine – Checking the machine, o2, N2O, suction apparatus, Laryngoscopes, ET tubes, airways, Things for IV accessibility, Other monitoring systems

Drugs – Emergency drugs, Anaesthetic drugs

 

Module IV: Intraoperative management and Postoperative complications & management

Confirm the identification of the patient, Monitoring – Non-invasive & invasive monitoring,

Induction – drugs used, Endotracheal intubation, Maintenance of anesthesia, Positioning of the Patient, Blood / Fluid & electrolyte balance, Reversal from anaesthesia – drugs used, transferring the patient.

Recovery room – Set up, Things needed, Problems

Complications, Obesity, Anaemia

 

Module V: Minor sequelae and Major catastrophes

Nausea & vomiting, Sore throat, Laryngeal granuloma, Neurological complications, Awareness, Vascular

Mortality, Causes of death, Cerebral damage, Prevention

 

Module VI: Anaesthetic consideration in Cardiac Anaesthesia, Cardiac Anaesthesia:  NYHA classification  Arrhythmias -types of arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs  Angina- types  Dyspnoea-causes  Premedication  Setting up of monitoring system  Monitoring - invasive and non - invasive  Getting ready for the case  Induction of cardiac patient, precautions to be taken

 

Module VII:

Water Electrolyte & Acid Base Disturbances Distribution of Body Water, Dehydration Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia. Sodium, Calcium Acid Base Disturbances – Types and Treatment. Fluid management in OT, blood loss calculations

Endocrine Disease: Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Dysfunction – Thyrotoxicosis, Hypothyroidism Adrenal Gland Dysfunction Diabetes Insipidus.

 

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

 

  1. Miller’s Anesthesia – Michael A. Gropper et al., 9th Edition, Elsevier
  2. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology – G. Edward Morgan Jr. et al., 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill
  3. Aitkenhead’s Textbook of Anaesthesia – Alan R. Aitkenhead et al., 7th Edition, Elsevier
  4. Basics of Anesthesia – Manuel Pardo & Ronald D. Miller, 8th Edition, Elsevier

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Session 1: First successful clinical demonstration in anesthesia

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Session 2: Principles of balanced anesthesia

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Session 3: Minimum standards of anesthesia practice

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Session 4: Who should administer anesthesia (scope and responsibilities)

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Session 5: Ten golden rules of anesthesia practice

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Session 6: Patient assessment and preparation before anesthesia

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Session 7: Preoperative starvation and its importance

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Session 8: Checking anesthesia drugs and equipment before induction

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Session 9: Maintaining a clear airway and readiness to control ventilation

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Session 10: Securing intravenous access and preparing for emergencies

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Session 11: Monitoring  pulse and blood pressure during anesthesia

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Session 12: Pre-anaesthetic assessment

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Session 13: Premedication advantages and drugs used

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Session 14: Special preoperative instructions for specific cases

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Session 15: Anesthesia machine checks

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Session 16: Checking laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes, airways, and IV access

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Session 17: Emergency drugs and anesthesia drugs

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Session 18: Confirming patient identity before induction

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Session 19: Non-invasive and invasive monitoring techniques

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Session 20: Induction of anesthesia

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Session 21: Endotracheal intubation

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Session 22: Maintenance of anesthesia during surgery

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Session 23: Patient positioning during surgery

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Session 24: Fluid, blood, and electrolyte balance in the operating theatre

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Session 25: Reversal from anesthesia

 

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Session 26: Recovery room setup and necessary equipment

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Session 27: Recovery room problems and solutions

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Session 28: Postoperative complications

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Session 29: Minor sequelae

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Session 30: Major catastrophes

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Session 31: Anesthetic considerations in cardiac anesthesia

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Session 32: Water, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances

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Teacher in Anesthesia Department