CROP IMPROVEMENT – I(Cereals, millets, pulses & oil seeds etc.)(Kharif)

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Shampa Purkaystha

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Course Name : CROP IMPROVEMENT-I (Cereals, millets, pulses & oil seeds etc.)(Kharif)

Course Code: ASPG 3104 (1-1-0)

Course Objectives:

CO1: Remember the origin and diversity of different crops

CO2: Understand the components of inheritance and various crop improvement techniques

CO3: Understand different breeding techniques for the genetic improvement in kharif crops

CO4: Evaluate the adaptability, stability, Quality parameters, biotic and abiotic stress of various kharif crops

CO5: Utilize hybrid seed production techniques in cultivation of kharif crops

CO6: Design and layout field experiments to analyze the quality characters of donor parents

CO-PO Mapping:

COs Course Outcomes Mapping COs with POs
CO1 Remember the diversity and origin of different crops, the elements of inheritance, and the numerous approaches for crop improvement PO1,PO2,PO3,PO7
CO2 Become knowledgeable about various breeding methods and hybrid seed production for genetic improvement in kharif crops PO1,PO2,PO3,PO4,PO5
CO3 Analyse the resiliency, stability, quality indicators, biotic and abiotic stress, and other characteristics of various kharif crops PO1,PO2,PO3,PO9

Programme Outcomes:

PO1 : Knowledge Enhancement : Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts, concepts, principles and theories relating to Soil Science, Agronomy, Horticulture, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Entomology and other such areas of agriculture.

PO2 : Professional Enhancement : Understanding the value and processes of life-long learning and professional development.

PO3 : Entrepreneurship Skills : Understanding the processes of setting up and managing viable business ventures.

PO4 : Communication & Extension Skills : Developing appropriate communication skills for effective transfer of knowledge and technologies through extension programs.

PO5 : Team Work : Play effective roles in multidisciplinary teams.

PO7 : Data Handling : Collect, analyze and interpret scientific data.

PO9 : Computational Skills : Recognize, analyze problems and plan strategies for their solutions with the help of computer skills.

 Syllabus (Theory):

Unit I: Botanical Name, family, chromosome number, centre of origin, nature of pollination, list of wild relatives (donor parents for different characters), distributions of species of 18 selected crops (rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea,mungbean, soybean, groundnut, sesame, castor, cotton, tobacco, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber).

Unit II: Floral biology as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters of rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, mungbean, soybean, groundnut, seasame, castor, cotton, tobacco, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber; Breeding methods of rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, mungbean, soybean, groundnut, sesame, castor, cotton, tobacco, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber.

Unit III: Major breeding objectives (including quality parameters) of rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, mungbean, soybean, groundnut, sesame, castor, cotton, and tobacco, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber; Ideotype concept for Rice, Pigeonpea, and Cotton. International, National and State level research station and varieties/hybrids released of rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpea, mungbean, soybean, groundnut, sesame, castor, cotton, tobacco, okra, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber.

Unit IV: Plant Genetic Resources: definition, important features of germplasm, kinds of germplasm, classification of gene pool, types of seed collections, germplasm activities, exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm, germplasm conservation – in situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, evaluation, documentation, distribution and utilization, Adaptability & stability, types of adaptation- adaptability; Stability: models for stability analysis; Breeding for biotic and abiotic stress.

 Syllabus (Practical):

Emasculation and hybridization techniques rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet; Emasculation and hybridization techniques in pigeonpea and mungbean; Emasculation and hybridization techniques in soybean, groundnut, seasame, castor, cotton; Emasculation and hybridization techniques in tobacco and okra; Emasculation and hybridization techniques in bottle gourd, bitter gourd, ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber; Maintenance breeding of different kharif crops; Detailed procedure of hybrid seed production of maize, pearl millet and cotton and castor etc.; Visit to seed production plots and submission of report; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops and submission of report.

References:

1.Manoj Kumar Sharma. 2021. Crop Breeding Vol - I (Kharif Crops) .  Rudra Publications.
2. Dr. Rajendra Kumar Yadav. Practical Manual on Crop Improvement-I (Kharif Crops).S.K.Kataria & Sons.
3. Rajendra Kumar Yadav , Crop Breeding- i (Kharif Crops). Kalyani Publishers
4. Joginder Singh, Modern approaches in crop improvement. Weser Books
5. Hari Har Ram (2019), Crop Breeding and Biotechnology: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publications

Session Plan (Theory):

Session 1: Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in rice and maize

Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cerealshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFN0aPvQzDchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V4t0FTQcVI

https://youtu.be/ijERvziKZqohttps://youtu.be/RTYdyghhHNshttps://youtu.be/X1HZnO5Eb5chttps://youtu.be/XEtFtSbiEXQ

Session 2: Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in sorghum and pearl millet

Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals othershttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXzOC4PnZFYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1yaD1mgA7Mhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdZvc_AIIgA&t=423s

https://cropforlife.com/pearl-millet/

Session 3:Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in pigeonpea and mungbean

Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different pulseshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0dHVMbXErwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Uux87T2riEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6ZsS6WZd_I

Session 4: Botanical description, floral biology as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters breeding methods and breeding objectives in soybean and groundnut

Groundnut Breeding  Groundnut Breeding   soyabean Breeding

Session 5: Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in sesame and castor

Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different oilseedshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p5TinkLClQhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=680VFaDj4hYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVQ2NrC6Psk&t=24s

Session 6: Botanical description, floral biology as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters breeding methods and breeding objectives in cotton and tobacco

Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cash cropshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLrLN9cPsw

Session 7:Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in okra, bottle gourd and smooth gourd

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqO6Js16Jhohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=885lREX4Bzohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KEY-omqrxI

Session 8: Botanical description, floral biology, breeding methods and breeding objectives as well as study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters in bitter gourd, ridge gourd and cucumber

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KEY-omqrxIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEWGuqpx0Mk

Session 9: Study about different International, National and State level research station and varieties/hybrids released in different kharif crops

https://unacademy.com/content/nda/study-material/general-knowledge/list-of-agricultural-research-institutes-in-india/

Session 11: Ideotype concept for Rice, Pigeonpea, and Cotton

Ideotype concepthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5R9CoeNH0YA

Session 12: Germplasm conservation – in situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, evaluation, documentation, distribution and utilization

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350772036_Germplasm_Conservation

Session 13: Adaptability & stability, types of adaptation- adaptability

Adaptability & stabilityhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05WCVHdOtvc

Session 14: Stability: models for stability analysis

https://drs.icar.gov.in/Electronic-Book/module5/15STABility.pdf

Session 15: Breeding for biotic stress

Biotic stress (Disease)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwafAu2fdAk

Biotic stress (Insect)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H2DB5YHsFI

Session 16: Breeding for abiotic stress

Abiotic stresshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oSX1S54VAw

Session Plan (Practical):

Session 1: Emasculation and hybridization techniques rice, maize

Rice Breeding

Maize breeding

maize Breeding

Maize breeding

Session 2: Emasculation and hybridization techniques sorghum, pearl millet

https://cropforlife.com/pearl-millet/

Session 3: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in pigeonpea and mungbean

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0dHVMbXErwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Uux87T2riEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6ZsS6WZd_I

Session 4: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in soybean, groundnut

https://youtu.be/zHfosMa5ESQ

Session 5: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in seasame, castor, cotton

Cotton Breeding

Sesame breeding

Session 6: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in tobacco and okra

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=885lREX4Bzohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5oOIcnvFdk

Session 7: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in bottle gourd, bitter gourd

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJPCpTcQBd4

Session 8: Emasculation and hybridization techniques in ridge gourd, smooth gourd and cucumber

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpeyp3R-kIE

Session 9: Maintenance breeding of different kharif crops

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=my60k6nwAaY

Session 10: Detailed procedure of hybrid seed production of rice and maize

http://eagri.org/eagri50/GPBR112/pdf/lec08.pdf

Session 11: Detailed procedure of hybrid seed production of sorghum and  pearl millet

https://youtu.be/e1N_MsN9HBw

Session 12: Detailed procedure of hybrid seed production of soybean, groundnut

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262179472_Seed_production_in_soybean

Session 13: Detailed procedure of hybrid seed production of cotton and castor

https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_improvement/crop_imprv_emasculation_oilseeds.html

Session 14: Visit to seed production plots and submission of report

Session 15: Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops

Session 16: Submission of report

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