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Theory
1.Introduction – definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding – history and development of plant breeding –contributions of eminent scientist – important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crop
2.Sugar crop – sugarcane – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms –breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
3.Cereals – wheat – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
4.Pulses –Bengal gram– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
5.Oilseeds-Sunflower, mustard – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
6.Millets – Barley – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
7.Fodder crop – Berseem – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
8.Narcotic Crop- Tobacco- origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
9.Vegetable – okra– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
10.Fruit crops – guava and banana – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
11.Plant genetic resources – definition and important features of germplasm – kinds of germplasm – classification of gene pool– types of seed collections – germplasm activities – exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm– germplasm conservation – in -situ conservation – ex-situ conservation – evaluation – documentation – distribution and utilization
12.Ideotype breeding – main features of ideotype breeding – features of ideotypes of wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton – factors affecting ideotypes – steps in ideotype breeding – achievements
13.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – introduction – variability in fungal pathogens – hybridization, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, mutation and cytoplasmic adaptation – disease resistance – mechanisms of disease resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) – causes of disease resistance – genetic basis of disease resistance – sources of disease resistance – breeding methods for disease resistance – achievements
14.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – insect resistance – mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements
15.Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses – drought resistance – mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance, and resistance) – features associated with drought resistance – sources of drought resistance – breeding methods for drought resistance – limitations – achievements; breeding for resistance to water logging – effects of water logging mechanism of tolerance
16.Breeding for abiotic stresses – breeding for salt tolerance – response of plants to salinity – symptoms – mechanisms of salt tolerance – breeding methods for salt tolerance – problems – achievements; Cold tolerance – chilling resistance – effects of chilling stress on plants – mechanism of chilling tolerance – sources of chilling tolerance – selection criteria – freezing resistance – effects of freezing – mechanism of freezing resistance – genetic resources for freezing tolerance – selection criteria – problems in breeding for freezing tolerance
17.Hybrid seed production in different types of crops.
Practical
i. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sugarcane
ii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Wheat
iii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sunflower
iv.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Rapeseed and Mustard
v.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Barley
vi.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Berseem
vii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Oat
viii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Chickpea and Lentil
ix.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Field pea and Cowpea
x.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Potato
xi.Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods
xii.Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops
xiii.Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability
xiv.Layout of field experiments
xv.Study of quality characters and study of donor parents for different characters
xvi.Visit to seed production plots and Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops
References
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Chopra, V.L. and Paroda, R.S. 1986. Approaches for Incorporating Drought Salinity Resistance in Crop Plants. Oxford and IBH, Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Kalloo, G. 1994. Vegetable Breeding. Panima Educational Book Agency, New Delh i.
Kumar, N. 2006. Breeding of Horticultural Crops – Principles and Practices. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Phundan Singh, 1996. Essentials of Plant Breeding . Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Poehlman, J.M. and Borthakur, D. 1995. Breeding Asian Field Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Sharma, J.R. 1994. Principles and Practice of Plant Breeding. Tata McGraw Hill, Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, B.D. 1983. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
1.Introduction – definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding – history and development of plant breeding –contributions of eminent scientist – important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crop
2.Sugar crop – sugarcane – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms –breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqkOxvsZqEs
Practical
i.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sugarcane
3.Cereals – wheat – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3JKjRd2acE
Practical
ii. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Wheat
4.Pulses –Bengal gram– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTgDUcLGc_o
Practical
iii. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Chickpea and Lentil
5.Oilseeds-Sunflower, mustard – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5T481baVno
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvUfEm8RIqw
Practical
iv.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Sunflower
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5T481baVno
v.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Rapeseed and Mustard
6.Millets – Barley – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ_-0ALP1ig
Practical
vi. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Barley
7.Fodder crop – Berseem – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyWR-MNK26k
Practical
vii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Berseem
8.Narcotic Crop- Tobacco- origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
9.Vegetable – okra– origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
10.Fruit crops – guava and banana – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties. Flower crops – chrysanthemum and marigold – origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties
11.Plant genetic resources – definition and important features of germplasm – kinds of germplasm – classification of gene pool– types of seed collections – germplasm activities – exploration – merits and demerits of exploration and collection of germplasm– germplasm conservation – in -situ conservation – ex-situ conservation – evaluation – documentation – distribution and utilization
12.Ideotype breeding – main features of ideotype breeding – features of ideotypes of wheat, rice, maize, barley and cotton – factors affecting ideotypes – steps in ideotype breeding – achievements
13.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – introduction – variability in fungal pathogens – hybridization, heterokaryosis, parasexualism, mutation and cytoplasmic adaptation – disease resistance – mechanisms of disease resistance in plants (disease escape, tolerance, resistance, immunity and hypersensitivity) – causes of disease resistance – genetic basis of disease resistance – sources of disease resistance – breeding methods for disease resistance – achievements
14.Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses – insect resistance – mechanism of insect resistance in plants (non preference, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) – nature of insect resistance – genetics of insect resistance – horizontal and vertical – genetics of resistance – sources of insect resistance – breeding methods for insect resistance – problems in breeding for insect resistance – achievements
15.Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses – drought resistance – mechanisms of drought resistance (drought escape, avoidance, tolerance, and resistance) – features associated with drought resistance – sources of drought resistance – breeding methods for drought resistance – limitations – achievements; breeding for resistance to water logging – effects of water logging mechanism of tolerance
16.Breeding for abiotic stresses – breeding for salt tolerance – response of plants to salinity – symptoms – mechanisms of salt tolerance – breeding methods for salt tolerance – problems – achievements; Cold tolerance – chilling resistance – effects of chilling stress on plants – mechanism of chilling tolerance – sources of chilling tolerance – selection criteria – freezing resistance – effects of freezing – mechanism of freezing resistance – genetic resources for freezing tolerance – selection criteria – problems in breeding for freezing tolerance
17. Hybrid seed production in different types of crops.
viii.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Oat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUe7N78WYzQ
ix.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Field pea and Cowpea
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzly_4y9A6w
x.Emasculation and hybridization techniques in Potato
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQddcAiGBhE
xi.Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods
xii.Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops
xiii.Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability
xiv.Layout of field experiments
xv.Study of quality characters and study of donor parents for different characters
xvi.Visit to seed production plots and Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops
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