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• To impart knowledge on various process technologies for cereals, pulses, oilseeds and their handling and conveying equipment.
• Understand the working principles and selection procedure of different machineries used for processing of cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
• Know the different uses of byproducts obtained from cereals, pulses and oilseed
• Know the different unit operations in processing of major cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
• Higher studies and research in the relevant areas.
• To become Entrepreneur through agro-processing.
MODULE 1:
Cleaning and grading, aspiration, scalping; size separators, screens, sieve analysis, capacity and effectiveness of screens. Various types of separators: specific gravity, magnetic, disc, spiral, pneumatic, inclined draper, velvet roll, colour sorters.
Size reduction: principle, Bond’s law, Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, procedure (crushing, impact, cutting and shearing), Size reduction machinery: Jaw crusher, Hammer mill, Plate mill, Ball mill.
Material handling equipment. Types of conveyors: Belt, roller, chain and screw. Elevators: bucket, Pneumatic conveying.
Practice:
1. Performance evaluation of different types of cleaners and separators
2. Determination of separation efficiency
3. Study of different size reduction machines and performance evaluation
4. Study of different types of conveying and elevating equipments,
MODULE 2:
Drying: moisture content and water activity; Free, bound and equilibrium moisture content, isotherm, hysteresis effect, EMC determination, Psychrometric chart and its use in drying, Drying principles and theory, Thin layer and deep bed drying analysis, Falling rate and constant rate drying periods, maximum and decreasing drying rate period, drying equations, Mass and energy balance, Different types of grain dryers: bin, flat bed, LSU, columnar, RPEC, fluidized, rotary and tray.
Practice:
1. Determination of separation efficiency
2. Study of different size reduction machines and performance evaluation
3. Determination of fineness modulus and uniformity index
4. Study of conveying and elevating equipment
MODULE 3:
Milling of rice: Conditioning and parboiling, advantages and disadvantages, traditional methods, CFTRI and Jadavpur methods, Pressure parboiling method, Types of rice mills, Modern rice milling, different unit operations and equipment. Milling of wheat, unit operations and equipment. Milling of pulses: traditional milling methods, commercial methods, pre-conditioning, dry milling and wet milling methods: CFTRI and Pantnagar methods. Pulse milling machines, Milling of corn and its products. Dry and wet milling. Milling of oilseeds: mechanical expression, screw press, hydraulic press, solvent extraction methods, preconditioning of oilseeds, refining of oil.
Practice:
1. Measurement of moisture content: dry basis and wet basis
2. Study on drying characteristics of grains and determination of drying constant
3. Determination of EMC (Static and dynamic method)
4. Study of various types of dryers
5. Study of different equipment in rice mills
6. Study of different equipment in pulse mills and their performance evaluation
7. Study of different equipment in oil mills and their performance evaluation
8. Type of process flow charts with examples relating to processing of cereals pulses and oil seeds
9. Visit to rice mill, pulse mill and oil mill.
MODULE 4:
Mixing: Theory of mixing of solids and pastes, Mixing index, types of mixers for solids, liquid foods and pastes. Extrusion cooking: principle, factors affecting, single and twin screw extruders. By-products utilization of rice milling.
Practice:
1. Study of different types of mixers.
2. Study of different type of extruder
References:
1. Chakraverty, A. Post Harvest Technology of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. Oxford & IBH publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
2.Sahay, K.M. and Singh, K.K. 1994. Unit operations of Agricultural Processing. Vikas Publishing house Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Session 1
Cleaning and Grading of Grains: Actual screen and Ideal screen, effectiveness of screen, scalping and sieve analysis – related problems
Session 2
Cleaning, Grading, Separation Equipment: Specific gravity, magnetic, disc, spiral, pneumatic, inclined draper, velvet roll, colour sorters and cyclone separator.
Session 3
Size reduction: principle, Bond’s law, Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, procedure (crushing, impact, cutting and shearing)
Session 4
Size reduction machinery: Jaw crusher, Hammer mill, Plate mill, Attrition mill, Ball Mill.
Session 5
Material handling equipment. Types of conveyors: Belt, roller, chain and screw.
Session 6
Elevators: bucket, Pneumatic conveying.
Session 7
Moisture content and water activity: EMC determination, Psychrometric chart.
Session 8
Drying principles and theory: Thin layer and deep bed drying analysis, Falling rate and constant rate drying periods.
Session 9
Maximum and decreasing drying rate periods, Drying equations, Mass and energy balance.
Session 10
Different types of grain dryers: bin, flat bed, LSU, columnar, RPEC, fluidized, rotary and tray.
Session 11
Parboiling: Concept, Methods- Traditional and Modern: CFTRI, Jadavpur, Pressure Parboiling.
Session 12
Rice Milling: Modern rice milling, different unit operations and equipment involved.
Session 13
Wheat Milling: Unit operations and equipment.
Session 14
Milling of pulses: traditional milling methods, commercial methods, Pre-conditioning.
Session 15
Milling of pulses, dry milling and wet milling methods.
Session 16
CFTRI and Pantnagar methods, Pulse milling machines.
Session 17
Milling of corn and its products: Dry and wet milling.
Session 18
Milling of oilseeds: mechanical expression, screw press, hydraulic press.
Session 19
Milling of oilseeds: solvent extraction methods, preconditioning of oilseeds, refining of oil.
Session 20
Mixing: Theory of mixing of solids and pastes, Mixing index, types of mixers for solids, liquid foods and pastes.
Session 21
Extrusion cooking: principle, factors affecting, single and twin screw extruders.
Session 22
By-products utilization of rice milling: Husk and Bran.
Practice:
• Measurement of moisture content: dry basis and wet basis.
• Determination of EMC (Static and dynamic method).
• Determination of separation efficiency.
• Determination of fineness modulus and uniformity index.
• Study of different equipment in rice mills.
• Study of different equipment in pulse mills.
• Study of different equipment in oil mills.
• Type of process flow charts with examples relating to processing of cereals pulses and oil seeds.
• Visit to rice mill, pulse mill and oil mill.
• Study of twin screw extruder.
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