Developmental Biology

Teacher

Dr Yashaswi Nayak

Category

Core Courses

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Course Name : Developmental Biology

Code(Credit) : CUTM1509(3-2-1)

Course Objectives

  • The course is so designed for acquiring knowledge to know the process of reproduction and the development of embryo.
  •  The objective of this course is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts of early animal development.
  •  Students taking this course must develop a critical appreciation of methodologies specifically used to study the process of embryonic development in animals.

Course Outcomes

COs Course Outcomes Mapping COs with POs

(High-3, Medium-2, Low-1)

CO1 Students will get the knowledge about the reproductive and development processes and can apply the acquired knowledge for higher study. PO1-3, PO7-1, PO9-2
CO2 This course will provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts of early animal development PO1-3, PO7-1, PO9-3
CO3 Students will be able to predict the lineage outcome of transplanting mesodermal cell populations from anterior heart to posterior  presomatic tail bud. PO1-3, PO4-1, PO9-3

Course Syllabus

Module -I- Historical perspective and basic concepts (4h)

    • 1.1 - Historical perspective and basic concepts: Phases of development
    • 1.2 - Cell-Cell interaction, Pattern development
    • 1.3 - Differentiation and growth, Differential gene expression
    • 1.4 - Cytoplasmic determinants and asymmetric cell division

Assignment

From the topic - Differential gene expression and Pattern formation

Practice (2h)

Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent slides: Cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula

 

Module-II- Various Developmental aspects (4h)

  • 2.1 - Early Embryonic Development
  • 2.2 - Gametogenesis
  • 2.3 - Spermatogenesis
  • 2.4 - Oogenesis and Types of egg
  • 2.5 - Egg Membranes

Assignment 

From the topic- Types of egg and egg membranes

Practice (2h)

Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent slides: neurula, tail-bud stage,tadpole (external and internal gill stages).

 

Module-III- Fertilization (5 h)

    • 3.1 - Fertilization (External and Internal)
    • 3.2 - Changes in gametes, Blocks to polyspermy
    • 3.3 - Planes and patterns of cleavage
    • 3.4 - Types of Blastula

Assignment

From the Topic- Planes and patterns of clevage

Practice (2h)

Study of T.S of Testis , Semen sample , Graffian follicle( Mature follicle about to release an ovum) and corpus luteum through permanent slides.

 

Module - IV- Fate Maps (4h)

    • 4.1 - Fate maps (including Techniques)
    • 4.2 - Early development of frog up to gastrulation
    • 4.3 - Early development of chick up to gastrulation
    • 4.4 - Embryonic induction and Organisers

Assignment

From the topic- Gastrulation of chick embryo and frog embryo

Practice (2h)

  1.  Study of whole mounts of developmental stages of chick through permanent slides: Primitive streak (13 and 18 hours).
  2.  Study of Whole mounts of chick embryo 21, 24, 28, 33, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation.

 

Module -V- Embryonic development (5h)

    • 5.1 - Late Embryonic Development: Fate of Germ Layers
    • 5.2 - Extra-embryonic membranes in birds
    • 5.3 - Implantation of embryo in humans
    • 5.4 - Placenta (Structure, types and functions of placenta)
    • 5.5 - Post Embryonic Development. Metamorphosis: Changes, hormonal regulations in amphibians and insects.

Assignment

From the topic- Post embryonic development and Metamorphosis

Practice

Study of the developmental stages and life cycle of Drosophila from stock culture.

 

Module-VI- Regeneration (3 h)

    • 6.1 - Regeneration: Modes of regeneration
    • 6.2 - epimorphosis, morphallaxis and compensatory regeneration (with one example each).

Assignment

From the topic- Modes of Regeneration

Practice

Study of different sections of placenta (photomicropgraph/ slides)

 

Module- VII- Ageing (5h)

    • 7.1 - Ageing: Concepts and Theories
    • 7.2 - Implications of Developmental Biology Teratogenesis:
    • 7.3 - Teratogenic agents and their effects on embryonic, development
    • 7.4 - In vitro fertilization
    • 7.5 - Concept of Stem cell
    • 7.6 - Amniocentesis

Assignment

From the topic- Teratogens and stem cell

Practice

Project report on Drosophila culture/chick embryo development

 

Text Books: 

Verma, Agrawal, 2007,Embryology,Rostogi Publication

Reference Books: 

  • Gilbert, S. F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates,Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA 
  • Balinsky B. I. and Fabian B. C. (1981). An Introduction to Embryology, V Edition, International Thompson Computer Press 
  • Carlson, R. F. Patten's Foundations of Embryology Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishers
  • Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford University Press CBCS

Session Plan

Session 1

1.1 - Historical perspective and basic concepts: Phases of development

Online source : History and basic concepts of Developmental biology

Session 2

1.2 - Cell-Cell interaction, Pattern development

Online source : Mechanisms of pattern formation in development and evolution

YouTube  Source :Cellular specialization (differentiation)

Session 3

1.3 - Differentiation and growth, Differential gene expression (2h)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 4

1.4 - Cytoplasmic determinants and asymmetric cell division. (2h)

Online Source :Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo

Youtube Source:Differentiation and gene expression

Session 5

Assignment - 1

From the topic- Differential gene expression and pattern formation

Online source: Differential gene expression

Youtube Source:Differentiation and gene expression

Session 6

Practice : 1

Study of whole mounts and sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent slides : Clevage stages

Qnline source : Frog Development

You tube link : Developmental stages of frog

Session 7

2.1 - Early Embryonic Development (2h)

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 8

2.2 - Gametogenesis

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 9

2.3 - Spermatogenesis

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 10

2.4 - Oogenesis

Online Source

You tube link :Oogenesis - embryonic development

Session 11

2.5 -  Types of eggs Egg Membranes (Assignment-2/Flipped class)-1h

Different types of eggs with examples

Youtube Source

Session 12

Practice-2 (2h)

Study of whole mount of sections of developmental stages of frog through permanent slides neurula, tail-bud stage,tadpole (external and internal gill stages) .

Online source :Study of prepared slides developmental stages of frog

  1. You tube link : The Process of Gastrulation

Session 13

3.1 - Fertilization (External and Internal) :(Assignment-3/Flipped class-2)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 14

3.2 - Changes in gametes, Blocks to polyspermy

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 15

3.3 - Planes and patterns of cleavage (2h)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 16

3.4 - Types of Blastula

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 17

Assignment -4 - Planes and patterns of clevage

Online Source : clevage

Youtube Source : slide share on clevage

Session 18

Practice-3 (2h)

Study of T.S of Testis , Semen sample , Graffian follicle( Mature follicle about to release an ovum) and corpus luteum through permanent slides.

Online source- 1 :Describe the T.S. of Human Testis

Online source- 2 : Ovary and Follicle Development

You tube link-1 : Male Reproductive Histology- Testis

You tube link-2 : Follicle development and ovulation

Session 19

4.1 - Fate maps (including Techniques)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 20

4.2 - Early development of frog up to gastrulation (2h)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 21

4.3 - Early development of chick up to gastrulation (2h)

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 22

4.4 - Embryonic induction and Organisers (2h)

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 23

Assignment -5 - Gastrulation of chick and frog embryo

Online Source : Gastrulation

You tube source 1: Gastrulation of chick embryo

You tube source 2: Gastrulation of frog embryo

Session 24

Practice- 4 (2h)

Study of whole mounts of developmental stages of chick through permanent slides: Primitive streak (13 and 18 hours).

Online source : Developmental Stages of Chick Embryo | Zoology

You tube link : Embryonic development in chick egg

Session 25

Practice- 5 (2h)

Study of Whole mounts of chick embryo 21, 24, 28, 33, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation.

Online source : Developmental Stages of Chick Embryo | Zoology

You tube link : Embryonic development in chick egg

Session 26

5.1 - Late Embryonic Development: Fate of Germ Layers

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 27

5.2 - Extra-embryonic membranes in birds

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 28

5.3 - Implantation of embryo in humans

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 29

5.4 - Placenta (Structure, types and functions of placenta)-(Assignment-6/Flipped class-3) -1h

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 30

5.5 - Post Embryonic Development. Metamorphosis: Changes, hormonal regulations in amphibians and insects;

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 31

5.6 - Post Embryonic Development. Metamorphosis: Changes, hormonal regulations in  insects : (Assignment-7/Flipped class-4)- 1h

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 32

Practice- 6(2h)

Study of the developmental stages and life cycle of Drosophila from stock culture.

Online source: Developmental stages and life cycle of Drosophila

You tube link: DrosophilaStudy the developmental stages and the life cycle from fruit fly stock culture 

Session 33

6.1 - Regeneration: Modes of regeneration

Online Source

Youtube Source 1

Youtube Source 2

Session 34

6.2 - epimorphosis, morphallaxis  (with one example each)

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 35

6.3 - Compensatory regeneration (with one example each)-(Assignment-8/Flipped class-5)-1 h

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 36

Assignment - 9 : Modes of regeneration

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 37

Practice-7 (2h)

Study of different sections of placenta (photomicropgraph/ slides)

Online source : PLACENTA 

Session 38

7.1 - Ageing: Concepts and Theories

Online Source

Youtube Source

Session 39

7.2 - Implications of Developmental Biology Teratogenesis:

Online Source 1

Online Source 2

Session 40

7.3 - Teratogenic agents and their effects on embryonic, development;

Online Source

Session 41

7.4 - In vitro fertilization

Online source :In vitro fertilization

Youtube Source

Session 42

7.5 - Concept of Stem cell

Online source : Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Revisiting History, Concepts, and Assays

You tube link :concept of stem cell

Session 44

Assignment- 11

Teratogens and stem cells

Online source - Teratogens and their effects

Online source - Stem cells

Session 45

Practice- 8 (2h)

Project report on Drosophila culture / Chick embryo development

Online source - Drosophila culture

Online source - Chick embryo development

Case Studies

Case Studies

Our Main Teachers

Dr Yashaswi Nayak

Associate Professor
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Associate Professor, Department of Zoology (School of Applied Sciences) CUTM – Bhubaneswar Dr. Yashaswi Nayak presently serving in Centurion University of Technology and Management as faculty and Head of the Department of Zoology has around sixteen years of teaching experience and possess specialization in Poultry management , vermicomposting processes. Her area of interest is Fishery […]